Berberis fortunei
| Berberis fortunei | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Berberidaceae |
| Genus: | Berberis |
| Species: | B. fortunei
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| Binomial name | |
| Berberis fortunei | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Berberis fortunei is a species of shrub in the family Berberidaceae, the barberry family, described in 1846. It is endemic to China, found in the provinces of Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Zhejiang.[2][3] It is grown as an ornamental in many lands, with common names including Chinese mahonia, Fortune's mahonia, and holly grape.[4]
Some authorities place the genus Mahonia in Berberis because there is no definite morphological distinction between the two genera. The subject awaits in-depth genetic analysis.[5]
Description
[edit]This is an evergreen shrub that usually grows up to 2 meters tall, but sometimes reaches 4 meters. It is upright, spreading, and somewhat rounded. It has a slow to moderate rate of growth and a moderate density. The leaves are odd-pinnately compound and alternately arranged.[6] They are dull to dark green on top and pale yellowish green on the undersides. The blades measure up to 28 centimeters long by 18 wide. The foliage is borne in bunches at the stem tips. The inflorescence is a raceme with 4 to 10 fascicles of yellow flowers.[3] The flowers have a sweet scent and are insect-pollinated.[6] The fruit is a rounded purple-blue berry about half a centimeter long.[3] The fruit is edible and acidic in flavor but it has numerous seeds. It can be eaten cooked or raw and contains a good amount of vitamin C.[6]
Taxonomy
[edit]Berberis fortunei was initially scientifically described and named by John Lindley in 1846.[1][7] It was renamed as Mahonia fortunei by Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde in 1901 as part of the then somewhat well accepted genus Mahonia.[1][8] Similarly in a 1997 paper by Joseph Edward Laferrière where he summarized the arguments that Mahonia should be synonymized with Berberis he also proposed a subspecies called Berberis fortunei var. szechuanica.[1][9] As of 2023 the most commonly accepted classification is Berberis fortunei with no valid subspecies.[1]
Chemistry
[edit]This and many other related species contain the alkaloid berberine,[10] a chemical being studied for its therapeutic potential.[11]
Cultivation
[edit]This species is widely cultivated in China and in other places, such as Indonesia, Japan, and United States.[3]
This species is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. It has multicolored leaves and yellow flowers. The fruits attract birds. It does not tend to have pests, and it is heat-tolerant.[6]
It makes an adequate hedge and it can be confined to a container for use as a houseplant.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Berberis fortunei Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ "Berberis fortunei". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ a b c d 十大功劳 shi da gong lao Mahonia fortunei. Flora of China.
- ^ a b Mahonia fortunei. FloriData.
- ^ "Berberis Linnaeus". Flora of North America.
- ^ a b c d Gilman, E. F. Mahonia fortunei. University of Florida Cooperative Extension, IFAS. Fact Sheet FPS-377. 1999.
- ^ Lindley, John. 1846. Journal of the Horticultural Society of London 1: 231
- ^ Fedde, Friedrich Karl Georg. 1901. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 31(1-2): 130
- ^ Laferrière, Joseph Edward (1997). "Transfer of Specific and Infraspecific Taxa from Mahonia to Berberis (Berberidaceae)". Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 82 (9): 95–97. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Mills, S. J. and K. Bone, contributors. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2005. pg. 257.
- ^ Kulkarni, S. K.; Dhir, Ashish (2010). "Berberine: A plant alkaloid with therapeutic potential for central nervous system disorders". Phytotherapy Research. 24 (3): 317–324. doi:10.1002/ptr.2968. PMID 19998323. S2CID 11333884.