Dulkadir Eyalet

Maraş Eyaleti
Maraş Eyaleti
Eyalet of Ottoman Empire
1522–1864
	Flag
	; The Dulkadir Eyalet in 1609
Capital	Marash
History
• Established	1522
• Disestablished	1864
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Dulkadirids
Aleppo Vilayet
Diyarbekir Vilayet

Dulkadir Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت ذو القادریه / دولقادر, romanized: Eyālet-i Ẕū l-Ḳādirīye / Ḍūlḳādir)^[2] or Marash Eyalet (Turkish: Maraş Eyaleti) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.

History[edit]

The Dulkadirids were the last of the Anatolian emirates to yield to the Ottomans, managing to remain independent until 1521, and were not fully incorporated into the empire until 1530.^[3] The eyalet was established in 1522.^[4] After its disestablishment in 1864, its territories were united with Aleppo and Diyarbekir eyalets.

It is unclear when the eyalet was formed. Contemporary Ottoman historian Ibn Kemal explained that the territory formerly ruled by Ali was divided into five sanjaks with governors appointed by the central government with no mention of the appointment of a beylerbey. The province was described as vilayet, a region instead of an eyalet, by the 1526 icmal defter. A record, thought to be from 1527, listed Marash as part of Karaman Eyalet, while Bozok belonged to Rum Eyalet. Dulkadir Eyalet was likely established shortly after the grand vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha extinguished the Kalenderoghlu revolt the same year and took administrative precautions to maintain order in the realm. Contemporary historian Celalzade [tr] attests to the beylerbey of Dulkadir in Tabakātü'l-memâlik in 1538.^[5]

Administrative divisions[edit]

According to Celalzade (1538):^[5]

According to the ruus defter of 1548:^[5]

Marash Sanjak
Bozok Sanjak
Aintab Sanjak
Uzayr Sanjak
Sis Sanjak

According to the tevcih defter of 1568–1574:^[5]

Marash Sanjak
Malatya Sanjak
Sis Sanjak
Aintab Sanjak
Kars Sanjak
Samsat Sanjak

During the 17–18th-centuries:^[5]

Marash Sanjak
Malatya Sanjak
Aintab Sanjak
Kars Sanjak

In 1831:^[5]^[6]

Marash Sanjak
Malatya Sanjak
Samsat Sanjak
Gerger Sanjak

Eyalet of Marash consisted of four sanjaks between 1700 and 1740 as follows:^[7]

Marash Sanjak (Paşa Sancağı, Kahramanmaraş)
Malatya Sanjak (Malatya)
Aintab Sanjak (Ayıntab Sancağı, Gaziantep)
Kars-i Maraş Sanjak (Kadirli)

Demographics[edit]

In the early 16th century, a significant portion of the province's population was composed of nomadic Turkmens of the Dulkadir tribe. According to the 1526 icmal defter, the region consisted of 69,481 households (approximately 350,000 people), 48,665 (about 245,000 people), 18,158, and 2,631 of whom were Dulkadir nomads, settled Muslims, and Christians, respectively. The region included 523 villages, 3412 hamlets, 62 farms, 64 kishlaks (winter pastures), and 35 yaylaks (summer pastures).^[5]

The population of the eyalet increased in 1570–1580, when it housed 113,028 households (approximately 550,000 people), 70,368, 38,497, and 4163 of whom were settled Muslims, nomads, and Christians, respectively. Around those times, the province had 2169 sworded timars and 5500 levy. During the 17th century, it increased to 2869 sworded timar and 6800 levy.^[5]

References[edit]

^ Macgregor, John (1850). Commercial statistics. A digest of the productive resources, commercial legislation, customs tariffs, of all nations. Including all British commercial treaties with foreign states. Whittaker and co. p. 12. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
^ Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
^ Hakan Özoğlu (2005). Osmanlı devleti ve Kürt milliyetçiliği. Kitap Yayinevi Ltd. p. 77. ISBN 978-975-6051-02-3. Retrieved 26 June 2013. I. Süleyman 1566 yılında öldüğünde kısmen ya da tamamen Kürt bölgelerinden oluşturulan yeni eyaletler şunlardı: Dulkadir (1522), Erzurum (1533), Musul (1535), Bağdat (1535), Van (1548) ve Şehrizor (1554...
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Şahin 1994, pp. 552–553.
^ Akbal, Fazila (1831). "TARIHINDE OSMANLI IMPARATORLUĞUNDA IDARI TAKSIMAT VE NÜFUS" (in Turkish).
^ Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, ISBN 975-6782-09-9, pp. 93-94. (in Turkish)

Bibliography[edit]

Şahin, İlhan (1994). "Dulkadır Eyaleti". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 9 (Dârüsaâde – Dulkadi̇roğulları) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 552–553. ISBN 978-975-389-436-4.

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[1] Macgregor, John (1850). Commercial statistics. A digest of the productive resources, commercial legislation, customs tariffs, of all nations. Including all British commercial treaties with foreign states. Whittaker and co. p. 12. Retrieved 12 February 2024.

[someprov-2] "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

[otm-enc-3] Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Retrieved 26 June 2013.

[Özoğlu2005-4] Hakan Özoğlu (2005). Osmanlı devleti ve Kürt milliyetçiliği. Kitap Yayinevi Ltd. p. 77. ISBN 978-975-6051-02-3. Retrieved 26 June 2013. I. Süleyman 1566 yılında öldüğünde kısmen ya da tamamen Kürt bölgelerinden oluşturulan yeni eyaletler şunlardı: Dulkadir (1522), Erzurum (1533), Musul (1535), Bağdat (1535), Van (1548) ve Şehrizor (1554...

[FOOTNOTEŞahin1994552–553-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Şahin 1994, pp. 552–553.

[6] Akbal, Fazila (1831). "TARIHINDE OSMANLI IMPARATORLUĞUNDA IDARI TAKSIMAT VE NÜFUS" (in Turkish).

[Kilic93-94-7] Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, ISBN 975-6782-09-9, pp. 93-94. (in Turkish)

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