Nepenthes × alisaputrana

Nepenthes × alisaputrana
	A lower pitcher of N. × alisaputrana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Nepenthaceae
Genus:	Nepenthes
Species:	N. × alisaputrana
Binomial name
	Nepenthes × alisaputrana; J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
	Distribution of N. × alisaputrana.
Synonyms
	Nepenthes × alisaputraiana; J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992); [original spelling]; Nepenthes rajah; auct. non Hook.f.: A. Slack (1986);

Nepenthes × alisaputrana (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌɑːlɪsəpʊˈtrɑːnə/ preferably, or /- əˌlɪsəpʊˈtrɑːnə/; after Datuk Lamri Ali), or the leopard pitcher-plant,^[2] is a hybrid of two well-known Nepenthes pitcher plant species: N. burbidgeae and N. rajah. The plant is confined to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Borneo.^[3]

*N. × alisaputrana* (right) is often sympatric with *N. rajah* (left)

Nepenthes × alisaputrana was described in 1992 by J. H. Adam and C. C. Wilcock and is named in honour of Datuk Lamri Ali, a former director of Sabah Parks.^[1] It is only known from a few remote localities within Kinabalu National Park, where it grows in stunted, open vegetation over serpentine soils at around 2000 m above sea level, often amongst populations of N. burbidgeae.^[4] It grows alongside both parent species on Pig Hill,^[5] where it is found at 1930–1950 m.^[6]

This plant is notable for combining the best characters of both parent species, not least the size of its pitchers, which rival those of N. rajah in volume (≤35 cm high, ≤20 cm wide).^[4] The other hybrids involving N. rajah do not exhibit such impressive proportions. The pitchers of N. × alisaputrana can be distinguished from those of N. burbidgeae by a broader peristome, larger lid, and simply by their sheer size. The hybrid differs from its other parent, N. rajah, by its lid structure, indumentum of short, brown hairs, narrower and more cylindrical peristome, and pitcher colour, which is usually yellow-green with red or brown flecking. For this reason, Anthea Phillipps and Anthony Lamb gave it the common name "Leopard Pitcher-Plant".^[2] The peristome is green to dark red and striped with purple bands. Leaves are often slightly peltate. The hybrid is a strong climber and frequently produces upper pitchers.^[3]

Nepenthes × alisaputrana more closely resembles N. rajah than N. burbidgeae, but it is difficult to confuse this plant with either. However, this mistake has previously been made on at least one occasion; a pitcher illustrated in Adrian Slack's Insect-Eating Plants and How to Grow Them as being N. rajah^[7] is in fact N. burbidgeae × N. rajah.^[3]

Distribution of phenolic compounds and leucoanthocyanins in N. burbidgeae, N. rajah, and N. × alisaputrana^{[citation needed]}
Taxon	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Specimen
N. burbidgeae	3+	++	3+	3+	-	+	-	-	Jumaat 2484
N. rajah	-	-	+	±	++	++	3+	+	Jumaat 2443
N. × alisaputrana	+	++	3+	3+	+	++	3+	+	Jumaat 2442
N. × alisaputrana (in vitro)	+	++	3+	3+	+	++	+	+
Key: 1: Phenolic acid, 2: Ellagic acid, 3: Quercetin, 4: Kaempferol, 5: Luteolin, 6: 'Unknown Flavonoid 1', 7: 'Unknown Flavonoid 3', 8: Cyanidin ±: very weak spot, +: weak spot, ++: strong spot, 3+: very strong spot, -: absent

In 2002, phytochemical screening and analytical chromatography were used to study the presence of phenolic compounds and leucoanthocyanins in N. × alisaputrana and its putative parent species.^{[citation needed]} The research was based on leaf material from nine dry herbarium specimens. Eight spots containing phenolic acids, flavonols, flavones, leucoanthocyanins and 'unknown flavonoid' 1 and 3 were identified from chromatographic profiles. The distributions of these in the hybrid N. × alisaputrana and its putative parental species N. burbidgeae and N. rajah are shown in the adjacent table. A specimen of N. × alisaputrana grown from tissue culture (in vitro) was also tested.^{[citation needed]}

Luteolin, cyanidin and 'Unknown Flavonoid 3' were undetected in N. burbidgeae, while concentrations of 'Unknown Flavonoid 1' were found to be weak. Chromatographic patterns of the N. × alisaputrana samples studied showed complementation of its putative parental species.^{[citation needed]}

Myricetin was found to be absent from all studied taxa. This agrees with the findings of previous authors^[8]^[9] and suggests that the absence of a widely distributed compound like myricetin among the Nepenthes examined might provide additional diagnostic information for these taxa.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1992. A new natural hybrid of Nepenthes from Mt. Kinabalu (Sabah). Reinwardtia 11(1): 35–40.
^ ^a ^b Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ ^a ^b ^c Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ ^a ^b Clarke, C.M. 2001. A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sabah. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ Thong, J. 2006. "Travels around North Borneo – Part 2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2011-07-04. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 82: 6–12.
^ Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. "The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
^ Slack, A. 1986. Insect-Eating Plants and How to Grow Them. Alphabooks, Dorset, UK.
^ Jay, M. & P. Lebreton 1972. Chemotaxonomic research on vascular plants. The flavonoids of Sarraceniaceae, Nepenthaceae, Droseraceae, and Cephlotaceae, a critical study of the order Sarraceniales. Naturaliste Canadien 99: 607–613.
^ Som, R.M. 1988. Systematic studies on Nepenthes species and hybrids in the Malay Peninsula. Ph.D. thesis, Fakulti Sains Hayat, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

References

Further reading