Maweti–Guarani languages
Appearance
(Redirected from Proto-Maweti-Guarani)
Maweti–Guarani | |
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Geographic distribution | Brazil |
Linguistic classification | Tupian
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Proto-language | Proto-Maweti-Guarani |
Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | mawe1252 (Maweti-Guarani) |
The Maweti–Guarani languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family according to Meira and Drude (2015).[1] The branch was originally proposed by Rodrigues (1984),[2] and is also accepted by Jolkesky (2016).[3]
Classification
[edit]- Maweti–Guarani
- Mawe
- Aweti–Guarani
Proto-language
[edit]Proto-Maweti–Guarani | |
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Reconstruction of | Maweti–Guarani languages |
Reconstructed ancestor | |
Lower-order reconstructions |
Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti–Guarani, along with Mawe, Aweti, and Proto-Tupi–Guarani cognates according to Meira and Drude (2015).[1]
gloss | Proto-Maweti–Guarani | notes (Proto-Maweti–Guarani) | Maweti | Aweti | Proto-Tupi–Guarani |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3SG | *i- | i- | i- | *i- | |
about | *ete | ete | ete | *ece | |
agouti | *akuti | akuri | akuzu Ɂjɨt | *akuti | |
anu bird | *anjũ, *aniũ | ajũ-nɁi | ajũ | *anũ | |
armadillo | *tjajtju | sahu | tatu-pep | *tatu | |
ashamed | (*tĩ) | tĩ | – | *tĩ | |
at/in | *pe | pe | pe | *pe | |
ax | *kwɨ | ɨwɨ-hap | kɨ | *jɨ | |
back | *(Ɂ)ape | ape | Ɂape | *ape | |
be/live | *eko | eko | eko | eko | |
beans | *kumana | (? – possible borrowing) | kumanã | kumanaɁĩ | *kumana |
big | *wat(o/u) | wato | watu | waču | |
bitter | *rõp | nop | lop | *rop | |
black | *kwuun | huun | – | *un | |
blood | *tjuwɨ(k) | suu | uwɨk | *(r)uwɨ | |
blow | *pekwu | pehu | petu | *peju | |
bone | *kaŋ | kaŋ | kaŋ | *kaŋ | |
branch | *tjakã | jãŋã | akã | *(r)akã | |
burn | *apɨ | apɨ | apɨ | *apɨ | |
buriti (palm) | (*m(u/i)riti) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | miriti | – | *muriti |
chest | *potiɁa | potiɁa | pozɨɁa | *potiɁa | |
chief | (*morekwat) | (? possible borrowing) | morekwat | morekwat | – |
call | *enõj | h-enoj | ejõj | *enõj | |
cloud | *(ɨwɨ)tjiŋ | ɨwɨ-hiŋ | ɨwɨ-tiŋ | ɨßa-tiŋ | |
COM.CAUS | *er(o/e)- | er-, ere- | zo- | ero | |
come | *ut | (u)ut | ut | *ut | |
cooked | *kwɨp | wɨp | o-kɨp | *jɨp | |
corn | *aßati | (? – probable borrowing) | awati | awati | *aßati |
curassow | *mɨtiũ(ŋ), *mɨtjũ(ŋ) | mɨjũ | mɨtuŋ | mɨtũ | |
deer | *(ɨ)tɨɨ | – | tɨ-wapat, ɨtɨɨ | ||
die (PL) | *pap | pap | pap | *pap | |
do | *rj(u/o)ŋ, *nj(u/o)ŋ | nuŋ | juŋ | *ruŋ ~ *roŋ ~ *noŋ (Rodrigues & Dietrich 1997), *noŋ (Mello 2000) | |
door | *oken | oken-ɨpɨ | oten | *oken | |
earth | (*Ɂɨj) | Ɂɨj | – | *Ɂɨj | |
eat | *Ɂu | uɁu | Ɂu | *Ɂu | |
egg | *upiɁa | upiɁa | n-upiɁa | *upiɁa | |
enter | *ejke | we-eke | ece | *(e)jkje | |
exit | *tem | wẽẽ-tem | tem | *čem | |
eye | *et-tja | (e)ha | (e)ta | eča (Rodrigues and Dietrich 1997), eca (Mello 2000) | |
face | *(e/o)ßa | (e)wa | owa | *oßa | |
fall | *Ɂat | aɁat | Ɂat | *Ɂat | |
father | *tjup | sup | up | *(r)up | |
feed | *poj | poj | poj | *poj | |
fetid | *riem, *rjem; (*rem) | nem | jem | *nem ~ *rem | |
field | *ko | ko | ko | *ko | |
finger (nail) | *p(uɁ)u(j)ã | puɁujã | puã | *pwã | |
fire | *atia, *atja | arja | aza | *ata | |
flat | *peep | peep | ɨwɨ-pep | *pep | |
flea | *tiuŋ, *tjuŋ | juŋ | tuŋ | *tuŋ | |
flower | *pojtjɨɨt | i-pohɨɨt | Ɂa-potɨt | *potɨt | |
foot | *pɨ | pɨ | pɨ | *pɨ | |
fruit | *Ɂa | Ɂa | Ɂa | *Ɂa | |
grandfather | *am(õ/ũ)(j) | h-amũ | amũj | *amõj | |
go | *to | to | to | *co | |
good | *kajtju | kahu | katu | *katu | |
hair | *tjap | sap | ap | *(r)ap | |
hammock | *(Ɂ)(i/ɨ)nĩ | Ɂɨni | Ɂinĩ | *inĩ | |
hand | *po | po | po | *po | |
head hair | *Ɂatjap | (from *Ɂa ‘head’ + *tjap ‘hair’) | asap | Ɂap | *Ɂap |
heavy | *potɨj | potɨj | potɨj | *pocɨj | |
hot | *tjakup | sakup | akup | *(r)akup | |
house | *(tj)ok | sok | ok | *(r)ok | |
hunger | *tjɨɨɁa(t) | sɨɨɁat | tɨɁa-ßot | ||
kill | (*kwuka) | Ɂa-uka | *juka | ||
leaf | *tjop | ɨ-hop | op | *(r)op | |
lick | *eereep | eereep | ezep | *erep | |
lip | *tjẽpe | jẽpe | ẽpe | *(r)eme | |
louse | *ŋɨp | ŋɨp | Ɂakɨp (from earlier *Ɂa ‘head’ + *kɨp ‘louse’) | *kɨp | |
manioc | *mani | mani | maniɁok | *maniɁok (cf. Aweti, Tupi-Guarani Ɂok ‘tuber’) | |
man's daughter | *tjakwiɁɨt | sakiɁɨt | atiɁɨt | *(r)ajɨt | |
man's sister | *(i/e)nɨt | inɨt | jĩt | *enɨt | |
man's older brother | *(Ɂ)ɨkeɁɨt | ɁɨkeɁet | ɨtiɁɨt | *ɁɨkeɁɨt | |
many | *(e)tia, *(e)tja | =-rja | =-za | *eta | |
medicine | *pot-tjaŋ | pohaŋ | potaŋ | *pocaŋ | |
moon | *kwaatɨ | waatɨ | tatɨ | *jačɨ | |
mortar | *(wẽ)kuɁa | wẽkuɁa | ɁẽkuɁa | *ɨŋuɁa | |
mosquito | *kwatiɁũ | watiɁũ | tazɨɁũ | *jatiɁũ | |
mother | *tɨ | tɨ | tɨ | *čɨ | |
neck | *kwut | hut-Ɂɨp [huɁɾɨp] | tur-Ɂɨp [tuɁɾɨp] | *jut | |
name | *tjet | set | et | *(r)et | |
navel | *pɨrupɁã | pɨrumɁa | pilup | pɨruɁã (Rodrigues; Dietrich, 1997), pɨruã (Mello, 2000) | |
OBJ.NZ | *mi- | mi- | mi- | *mipa | |
in | *tjatɨ | satɨ | atɨ | *(r)ačɨ | |
pass | *kotjap | kosap | kwap | *kwap | |
place | *etiam, *etjam | ejam | tam, etam | *etam | |
pull | *ekɨj | ekɨj | ekɨj | *ekɨj | |
rain | *ama(a)n | iɁ-ama(a)n | aman | *aman | |
red | *kwup | hup | tup | *jup | |
red | (*pɨraŋ) | – | pɨlaŋ | pɨraŋ (perhaps reconstructible only to Proto-Aweti-Guarani) | |
RFL | *kwe- | we- | te- | *je | |
root | *tjapo | sapo | apo | *(r)apo | |
saliva | (*tjẽtɨ) | jẽtɨ-hɨ | – | *(r)enɨ | |
salt | *kwukɨt | ukɨt | tukɨt | *jukɨt | |
search | *(i/e)kaat | (i)kaat | (j)kat | *ekat | |
see/hear | *ẽtup | wan-ẽtup | (ẽ)tup | *enup | |
seed | *tjaɁĩj | jaɁĩj | aɁĩj | *(r)aɁĩj | |
seize | *pɨtɨk | pɨtɨk | pɨtɨk | *pɨtɨk | |
seize | *(j)aat | aat | – | *(j)at | |
shoot | (*(Ɂ)ɨßõ) | – | Ɂɨwõ | ɨßõ | |
shoulder | *tj(a/ã)tiɁɨp(i) | jãtiɁɨpɨ | azɨɁɨp | *(r)atɨɁɨp | |
skin/body | *piit | piit | pit | *pit | |
slap | (*petek) | petek | – | petek | |
sleep | *ket | ket | tet | *kjet | |
smoke | *tjiŋ | ɨ-hiŋ (probably *Ɂɨp ‘tree, wood’ + *tjiŋ) | tiŋ | *tiŋ | |
snake | *mõj | moj | mõj | *moj | |
squirrel | (*kutiere, *kutjere) | kutiere | kuceze-Ɂjɨt | – | |
sweet | *i-tjeɁẽ | heɁẽ | teɁẽ | *čeɁẽ (apparently a lexicalized third-person form) | |
swim | *ɨjtja(p) | ɨha | ɨta-tap | *ɨtap | |
termite | *ŋupi | ŋupi-Ɂa | kupi-Ɂa, kupi-Ɂĩ | kupi-Ɂi | |
tail | *tjuwaj | suwaj-po | uwaj | *(r)uwaj | |
thick | *anam | iɁ-anam | Ɂajam | *anam | |
thigh | *Ɂup | Ɂup | Ɂup | *Ɂup | |
tooth | *tjãj | jãj | ãj | *(r)ãj | |
tortoise | *kwaßoti | wawori | tawozɨ | *jaßoti | |
toucan | *tiukan, *tjukan | jũkan | tukan | *tukan | |
traíra (fish) | (*taraɁɨra) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | taraɁɨra | – | taraɁɨr-a |
two | (*mokõj) | – | mokõj | *mokõj | |
village | (*taaßa) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | taawa | – | *taßa |
vulture | *urußu | uruwu | uzuwu | *urußu | |
wasp | *ŋap | ŋap | kap | *kap | |
water | *Ɂɨ | ɨɁɨ | Ɂɨ | *Ɂɨ | |
wind | *ɨßɨt(u) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | ɨwɨtu | ɨwɨt | *ɨßɨtu |
woman's son | *mẽpɨt | mẽpɨt | mẽpɨt | *memɨt |
For a list of Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions by Corrêa-da-Silva (2013),[4] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
References
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions
- ^ a b Meira, Sérgio and Sebastian Drude (2015). "A preliminary reconstruction of proto-Maweti-Guarani segmental phonology". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, série Ciências Humanas, 10(2):275-296. doi:10.1590/1981-81222015000200005
- ^ Rodrigues, Aryon D. Relações internas na família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní. Revista de Antropologia, São Paulo, v. 27/28, p. 33-53, 1984/85.
- ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
- ^ Corrêa-da-Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2013). O mundo a partir do léxico: Reconstruindo a realidade social Mawé-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica, 5(2), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v5i2.16271
- Mello, A. A. S. Estudo histórico da família lingüística Tupi-Guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2000.
- Rodrigues, A. D.; Dietrich, W. On the linguistic relationship between Mawe and Tupi-Guarani. Diachronica, v. 14, n. 2, p. 265-304, 1997.