Rathwali dialect
Rathwali | |
---|---|
राठवाली राठी | |
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Native to | India |
Region | Uttarakhand |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | rath1241 |
Coordinates: 30°03′55″N 78°30′23″E / 30.0653°N 78.5064°E |
Rathwali(rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwhali,[1] belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson) which itself has been classified as a dialect of Hindi. It is also known as Rathi(rāṭhī). It comes under the Indo Aryan family.
Grammar
[edit]Gender :
Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.
Number :
Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.
Cases :
Case | |
---|---|
agent | न, ल |
accusative | गणी |
instrumental | न, ल |
dative | गणी(to), खुणी(to) थां(to), कूं(for) |
ablative | गणी(from), मकोई(from), बटी(from)
उण्डे(out of), मांय-ल(among), से , ते |
genitive | को |
locative | मा(in, into), माँ(in, into), गणी(in), पार(on), तल(below) |
Adjectives :
Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.
Pronouns :
sing. | pul. | |
---|---|---|
nom. | mi, mi
tu,tu |
ham, hamu
tum,tumu |
ag, | mi-la, mai-la
ti-la, twe- la |
hamu-la, ham-na
tumu-la, tum-na |
gen. | mero, myoro | tero, tyoro |
obl. | mai, mi , mi
tai, ti, twa |
ham, hamu
tum, tumu |
sing. | pul. | |
---|---|---|
nom. | yo
wo |
yo,yu
wo,wu |
obl. | yai
wai, we,wi |
wo, wu
un, wun, u, wu |
sing. | pul. | |
---|---|---|
nom. | jo, ju | jo |
obl. | jai, je | jau |
sing. | pul. | |
---|---|---|
nom. | so | so |
obl. | tai, te | tau |
Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu
Conjugation :
Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive
sing. | pul. | |
---|---|---|
I am | chhū, chhaū | chhawā |
thou art | chhai,chhaī | chhavu |
he is | chha, cha | chhī |
sing. | pul. | |
---|---|---|
was | chhayō(masc)
chhayā(fem) |
chhōyō(masc)
chhāyā |
Comparative analysis
[edit]Srinagaria | Rathwali | Translation |
---|---|---|
bal | latula | hair |
baba te | babu gani | to a father/from a father |
lokhar | luho | iron |
nauno/nauni | laudo/laudi | boy/girl |
hondo | honnu | being |
janaani | siani | woman |
ghar | kudo | house |
khado ho | thado ho | stand up |
door | tada | far |
agadi/pichhadi | aghin/pachhin | after/before |
Srinagaria | Rathwali | Translation |
---|---|---|
mai marda | mai mannu | I beat |
tu mardi | tu marni | thou beatest |
wo mard | wo marn | he beats |
ham maarda | ham maarnu | we beat |
tum marda | tum maarni | you beat |
wo mardin | wo maani | they beat |
main maare | mi la maara | I beat(past) |
tin maare | ti la maara | thou beatest
(past) |
wain maare | wa la maara | he beat(past) |
haman maare | hamu la maara | we beat (past) |
tuman maare | tumu la maara | you beat(past) |
un maare | wunoon la maare | they beat(past) |
mai maarnu chhaun | mi manu chhaun | I am beating |
mai marnu chhayo | mi maarno chhoyo | I was beating |
main maaryun chhayo | mai la maaryala | I had beaten |
main maaroon | mi maaroon | I may beat |
main maarulo | mi marulo | I shall beat |
tu marilo | tu maril | thou wilt beat |
wo marlo | wo marul | he will beat |
ham maarla | ham maala | we shall beat |
tum marilya | tum malya | you will beat |
wo maarla | wo maala | they will beat |
Script & specimen
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sample_of_Rathi.jpg/220px-Sample_of_Rathi.jpg)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 315.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 312–313.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 313–314.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 314.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 315–316.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 316.