Sarrat

Not to be confused with Sarratt or Sarat.

Sarrat
New Sarrat Municipal Hall
Flag Seal
Map of Ilocos Norte with Sarrat highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Sarrat Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 18°09′28″N 120°38′41″E
Country	Philippines
Region	Ilocos Region
Province	Ilocos Norte
District	1st district
Founded	1586
Barangays	24 (see Barangays)
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Remigio B. Medrano
• Vice Mayor	Virgilio L. Agoto
• Representative	Sandro Marcos
• Municipal Council	Members Mary Anne A. Damaso Arnel R. Pacog Esteban O. Agoy Paulino R. Baltazar Marie-Fe G. Nacion Jimmy B. Fajardo Ferdinand B. Gaño Apolonio G. Medrano
• Electorate	18,115 voters (2022)
Area
• Total	57.39 km2 (22.16 sq mi)
Elevation	49 m (161 ft)
Highest elevation	309 m (1,014 ft)
Lowest elevation	5 m (16 ft)
Population  (2020 census)
• Total	25,186
• Density	440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
• Households	6,442
Economy
• Income class	4th municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	5.51 % (2021)
• Revenue	₱ 130.5 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 522.4 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 100.7 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 53.52 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Ilocos Norte Electric Cooperative (INEC)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	2914
PSGC	012821000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)77
Native languages	Ilocano Tagalog

Sarrat, officially the Municipality of Sarrat (Ilocano: Ili ti Sarrat; Filipino: Bayan ng Sarrat), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,186 people.

The town is known as the birthplace of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines and for Sarrat Church, the largest church in the province and with the longest nave in the country and an Important Cultural Property of the Philippines.

Etymology

Cabayugan was how the people called Sarrat by its first settlers led by the village chief Minagel (Maingel) Bang'at and his wife Sarrah, before the arrival of the Spaniards on the latter part of the 16th century. Sarrat is a compound of the couple's names and is believed to be coined by their son Garo.

History

Cabayugan or Sarrat was established in 1586 as an Augustinian visita of Laoag. It became an independent parish in 1724. Sarrat was annexed to San Nicolas on May 7, 1740. During the revolt of 1815, many houses were burned to the ground and the town was left in shambles. After the revolt, the poblacion was transferred to its present site.

Upon the partition of Ilocos province in 1818, Sarrat was designated as the capital of Ilocos Norte until its transfer to Laoag within the year.

It boasts of a colorful and violent history: the whole town joined the Basi Revolt of 1807; rose up in arms again in 1815 during the Sarrat Rebellion of which the hated housekeeper of the parish priest, Rosa Agcaoili, was killed and dismembered; and revolted against the Americans in 1899 under the leadership of Don Pepe Ver. In 1910, the court returned Sarrat's church and convent to the Catholics and a day later, the Aglipayan parish priest, Fr. Mariano Edralin, was found murdered. The beautiful church of Santa Monica was started to be built by Fr. Isidro Champaner (OSA) in 1848. It is probably the biggest Spanish-era church in Ilocos Norte. Its original roof truss of logs is still intact.

After the colonization of the Spaniards, the town was renamed to San Miguel when the Augustinians erected a parish coinciding with the gaining of its township status on September 29, 1724. Two then Senators, Santiago Fonacier and Isabelo delos Reyes, eventually created the bill that changed the town's name from San Miguel to Sarrat in 1916.

Sarrat's former names were Cabayugan meaning place where bayug (a kind of bamboo) grows, San Miguel de Cunning (meaning “saffron” which used to be harvested abundantly in the region) and San Miguel de Sarrat. Its name was changed from San Miguel to Sarrat in 1916.

The Sarrat Heroes monument erected at the town plaza symbolizes the heroism and bravery of all Sarrateños. "Ritritem'mon Kayong" was their war cry that still echoes on the true-blooded Sarrateños.

Geography

Sarrat is situated geographically just southeast of Laoag City, the capital of the province. Sarrat is bounded by the cities and municipalities of Batac to the south-west, San Nicolas to the west, Laoag to the north-west, Piddig to the north-east, Dingras to the east, the town of Marcos to the southeast, and a small portion of Banna to the south. The town is traversed and divided into two by the Padsan River, creating a north and south areas that are connected by the Sarrat Bridge.

Sarrat is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Laoag and 495 kilometres (308 mi) from Manila.

Barangays

Sarrat is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

• San Agustin (Poblacion)
• San Andres
• San Antonio
• San Bernabe
• San Cristobal
• San Felipe
• San Francisco (Poblacion)
• San Isidro
• San Joaquin (Poblacion)
• San Jose
• San Juan
• San Leandro (Poblacion)
• San Lorenzo
• San Manuel
• San Marcos
• San Miguel (formerly San Nicolas)
• San Pedro
• San Roque
• San Vicente (Poblacion)
• Santa Barbara (Poblacion)
• Santa Magdalena
• Santa Rosa
• Santo Santiago
• Santo Tomas

Climate

Climate data for Sarrat, Ilocos Norte
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	27 (81)	28 (82)	30 (86)	32 (90)	31 (88)	31 (88)	30 (86)	30 (86)	30 (86)	29 (84)	28 (82)	27 (81)	29 (85)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	23 (73)	24 (75)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	23 (73)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	38 (1.5)	37 (1.5)	37 (1.5)	49 (1.9)	181 (7.1)	214 (8.4)	264 (10.4)	251 (9.9)	243 (9.6)	229 (9.0)	129 (5.1)	96 (3.8)	1,768 (69.7)
Average rainy days	11.6	10.7	12.4	15.2	22.6	25.0	26.1	24.9	24.3	19.2	16.4	15.4	223.8
Source: Meteoblue

Demographics

Population census of Sarrat

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 9,584 —     1918 12,885 +1.99% 1939 14,430 +0.54% 1948 14,345 −0.07% 1960 15,136 +0.45% 1970 16,847 +1.08% 1975 18,071 +1.42% 1980 18,798 +0.79%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1990 21,272 +1.24% 1995 21,301 +0.03% 2000 22,886 +1.55% 2007 23,810 +0.55% 2010 24,770 +1.45% 2015 25,212 +0.34% 2020 25,186 −0.02%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

In the 2020 census, the population of Sarrat was 25,186 people, with a density of 440 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,100 inhabitants per square mile.

Economy

Poverty incidence of Sarrat

5 10 15 20 25 30 2006 20.20 2009 14.03 2012 8.98 2015 8.47 2018 4.66 2021 5.51 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Tourism

Santa Monica Parish Church

Sarrat Church

The Santa Monica Parish Church, commonly known as the Sarrat Church, is the largest church in Ilocos Norte and the most visited place by tourists in Sarrat. The church has one of the longest nave in the country and was declared an Important Cultural Property of the Philippines in September 2009.

The 105-meters long (the longest in the country) Church of St. Monica, first built in 1779 by the Augustinian friars, was the last Spanish church built in the Ilocos. It was destroyed on March 3, 1816, was rebuilt in 1848, burned again in 1882, repaired from 1875 to 1895 and finished between 1895 and 1898. Its bell tower was damaged during the March 19, 1932, earthquake. It has a unique, massive, 3-level and attractive brick staircase connecting the church with the convent. On one side of the church is the eight-foot high image of St. Monica. The church interior, along with the houses surrounding the plaza, were renovated in 1983 for Irene Marcos' (the youngest daughter of the President Ferdinand Marcos) wedding to Greggy Araneta. A few months later, on August 16, an magnitude 7.8 earthquake severely damaged the church's main altar and upper facade.

The impressive convent, known as the Casa del Palacio Real, was first built in 1779, completely burned on February 3, 1816, and was reconstructed in 1817 and 1886. It was, at times, used as a Presidencia Municipal during the American era. Within its environs, then were a jail where criminals and political prisoners were incarcerated and tortured, a sala court, a strangulation room and other secular sections. It also served, for a time, as the Colegio de Santa Monica (a branch of the Liceo de Manila). The convent was damaged during the 1932 earthquake and was repaired, in turns. In 1977, both church and convent were completely restored, with government assistance. The ground floor houses church memorabilia, church vestments and historical books and photographs.

The former 3-storey, square brick belfry of diminishing sizes, probably the largest in the province, has lost its top storeys. It once had a clock on the dome.

Santa Monica Parish Museum

Santa Monica Parish Museum

The Santa Monica Parish Museum is a repository of artifacts and memorabilia that dates back to the construction of the church edifice in 1779. It was established in 1993 on the initiative of its parish priest, Rev. Msgr. Jacinto A. Jose and Rev. Edmundo M. Abaya, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Laoag.

It was completed and put in its present form in 1997 with the help of the Kannawidan Foundation Inc., The iloko Foundation for Arts and Culture. This organization is dedicated to the preservation of the cultural and historical heritage of the people of Ilocos Norte under the following officers and directors. Francis Ablan, Maximino J. Edralin, Rosie Mata Castro, Georgia Balmaceda Alviar, Lita Marcos Roque, Amparo Javier Araullo, Rolando P. Dela Cuesta, Wenceslao Agnir Jr., Caesar Agnir, Roxanne A. De la Cuesta, Arnold Segundo and Guia M. Valenciano

Barrio Uno River Resort

Nipa hut cottages

The nipa hut cottages along the banks of the Padsan River are another visitor attraction in the town. It is located at barangay San Joaquin (Barrio Uno) and is maintained by private entrepreneurs from the same barangay. These nipa huts are seasonal: built around December purposely for the summer season and are dismantled at the start of the rainy season. The nipa huts not only offer shade and comfort to the visitors but are equipped with Videoke system to complete the entertainment.

Culture

Cultural Property wmph identifier	Site name	Description	Province	City or municipality	Address	Coordinates	Image
	Sarrat Central Elementary School	Rebuilt in 1904	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Barangay 6, San Leandro	18°09′16″N 120°38′40″E
	Bitanga's House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Osmena corner Agor Street	18°09′17″N 120°38′45″E
	Villa Ver		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Agor Street	18°09′18″N 120°38′45″E
	Unknown House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#41 Agor Street corner Quevedo	18°09′20″N 120°38′46″E	Upload Photo
	Unknown House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Quirino corner Magsaysay Street	18°09′22″N 120°38′48″E
	E. Carriaga Ver House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#46 Magsaysay Street	18°09′19″N 120°38′48″E
	Unknown House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#199 Rizal Street corner Magsaysay, Brgy 5. San Vicente	18°09′19″N 120°38′46″E
	Jose Ver-Balicanta House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#149, Brgy 3 Santa Barbara	18°09′26″N 120°38′47″E
	#124 Magsaysay St House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat		18°09′24″N 120°38′50″E	Upload Photo
	Victoria Valmonte House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#163 Barangay Santa Barbara	18°09′25″N 120°38′45″E
	Scout Albano Monument and Park		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Albano Park	18°09′19″N 120°38′43″E
	Laoag Diocesan Museum	Formerly known as Casa del Palacio Real, used as church convent	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Santa Monica Parish Complex	18°09′19″N 120°38′40″E
	Sarrat Church	Parish Church of Santa Monica	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Santa Monica Parish Complex	18°09′21″N 120°38′41″E
	Bell tower of Sarrat Church		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Santa Monica Parish Complex	18°09′23″N 120°38′40″E
	Rit-ritemon Kaayong Uprising Monument	A monument in honor of Don Jamias Ver, leader of the people of Sarrat against the American invasion of the town. Named after the battle cry of the people of Sarrat, "Rit-ritemon Cayong" or "Rip it apart, brother."	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Sarrat Municipal Grounds	18°09′25″N 120°38′39″E
	Vistuario de Sarrat	It was built from 1928 to 1931	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Sarrat Municipal Park	18°09′24″N 120°38′41″E
	Rizal Monument	Donated by the youth of Iglesia Filipina Independiente	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Sarrat Municipal Park	18°09′24″N 120°38′43″E
	Fabian Ver House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Rizal Street, Barangay 2 San Agustin	18°09′25″N 120°38′41″E
	Ver House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#153 Rizal Street, Barangay 2 San Agustin	18°09′26″N 120°38′41″E
	Dela Cuesta House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat		18°09′26″N 120°38′40″E
	Old Sarrat Town Hall		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat		18°09′24″N 120°38′39″E
	Palafox House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	#157 Marcos Avenue, Barangay 2, San Agustin	18°09′27″N 120°38′40″E	Upload Photo
	Gabriel House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Marcos Avenue, Barangay 2, San Agustin	18°09′27″N 120°38′38″E	Upload Photo
	New Sarrat Presidencia		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Marcos Avenue, Barangay 2, San Agustin	18°09′29″N 120°38′39″E
	Edralin House	also known as Marcos Museum	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Marcos Avenue	18°09′34″N 120°38′40″E
	Familia Ruiz Ancestral House	Ruins of the old brick house of Don Teodulo Ruiz and Doña Dolores Bello Ruiz of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte	Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Ruiz Street Barangay 3	18°09′30″N 120°38′42″E
	Bitanga's House		Ilocos Norte	Sarrat	Osmena corner Agor Street	18°09′17″N 120°38′45″E

Government

Local government

Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

Former seal of Sarrat

Sarrat, belonging to the first congressional district of the province of Ilocos Norte, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council
(2019–2022)

Position	Name
Congressman	Ferdinand Alexander A. Marcos III
Mayor	Remigio B. Medrano
Vice-Mayor	Virgilio L. Agoto
Councilors	Mary Anne A. Damaso
	Arnel R. Pacog
	Esteban O. Agoy
	Paulino R. Baltazar
	Marie-Fe G. Nacion
	Jimmy B. Fajardo
	Ferdinand B. Gaño
	Apolonio G. Medrano

Transportation

Going around the poblacion is served by the tricycles (Filipino: traysikel), a local term for a motorized transport made by pairing a motorcycle with a locally fabricated sidecar. These are also used to transport commuters to other remote barangays but usually through a special fare, the amount of which depends on what is agreed upon before the trip.

A regular and daily trip to neighboring Laoag City is provided by jeepneys, the main form of transportation. All jeepneys that ply the route are members of the Laoag-Sarrat Jeepney Operators and Drivers Association (LSJODA). Travel time takes around 15 minutes each way on a usual day.

Education

Sarrat offers its constituency up to secondary education. Tertiary and higher educations are provided by the neighboring Laoag City.

Primary and elementary schools

• Binaratan Elementary School
• South Central Elementary School
• North Central Elementary School
• Cabuloan Elementary School
• Golgol Elementary School
• Pandan Elementary School
• Parang Elementary School
• Patad Elementary School
• Ruiz Elementary School
• Sagpatan Elementary School
• San Antonio Elementary School
• San Bernabe Elementary School
• Sarrat Central School
• Sarrat North Central School
• Sta Rosa Elementary School
• San Pedro Public School
• San Andres Public School

High schools

• Sarrat National High School
• Santa Rosa National High School

Notable personalities

• Ferdinand E. Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines.
• Fabian C. Ver, a former General and Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
• Maximino Jamias Edralin, notable Philippine Journalist and Public Relations Officer

See also

• List of renamed cities and municipalities in the Philippines

Bibliography

• Dela Torre, Visitacion (2006). The Ilocos Heritage. Makati City: Tower Book House. ISBN 978-971-91030-9-7.

External links

• Municipality of Sarrat
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Local Governance Performance Management System
• "Results from the 2007 Census of Population". Philippine Statistics Authority.