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Jahanara Shahnawaz

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Jahanara Shahnawaz
Member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
In office
10 August 1947 – 24 October 1954
ConstituencyLahore District
Personal details
Born(1896-04-07)7 April 1896
Lahore, Punjab, British India
Died27 November 1979(1979-11-27) (aged 83)
Pakistan
NationalityPakistani
SpouseMian Shah Nawaz
ChildrenMumtaz Shahnawaz
Nasim Jahan
Parent
OccupationPolitician
Known forPakistan Movement

Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz, also known as Jehan Ara Shah Nawaz (7 April 1896 – 27 November 1979), was a prominent activist and politician in Punjab, active before and after independence of Pakistan. She was educated at Queen Mary College, Lahore.[1] A dedicated member of the All India Muslim League, she was also a leading advocate for women's rights.[2] She was the daughter of Sir Muhammad Shafi and the wife of Mian Muhammad Shahnawaz.[1]

Family

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Jahanara Shahnawaz belonged to the prominent Arain Mian family of Baghbanpura in Lahore. Her father Sir Muhammad Shafi was a prominent lawyer and politician.[3]

Political career

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In 1918, Jahanara Shahnawaz successfully moved the All India Muslim Women's Conference to pass a resolution against polygamy.[1] In 1935, she founded the Punjab Provincial Women's Muslim League.[1] In the Round Table Conference of 1930, she and Radhabai Subbarayan were the only two active members of women's organisations nominated to the conference; they argued unsuccessfully for a 5 per cent reservation for women in the legislatures.[4]

In 1937, she was elected to the Punjab Legislative Assembly and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Education, Medical Relief and Public Health.[1] In 1938 she became a member of the Women's Central Subcommittee of the All India Muslim League.[1] In 1942 India's government appointed her as a member of the National Defense Council, but the Muslim League asked League members to resign from the Defense Council.[1] She refused and was thus removed from the Muslim League.[1] However, she rejoined the League in 1946, and in that same year was elected to the Central Constituent Assembly.[1] That year she also went along with M. A. Ispahani on a goodwill mission to America, to explain the point of view of the Muslim League.[1] She was arrested along with other Muslim League leaders during the Civil disobedience movement in Punjab in 1947.[1]

In 1948, she led a protest of thousands of women in the streets of Lahore, protesting against the fact that a bill encouraging better economic opportunities for women had been removed from the agenda.[5] Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan intervened, and the Muslim Personal Law of Shariat of 1948 was passed; it legally recognized a woman's right to inherit property, including agricultural land, which had not been recognized during the British Raj.[5]

She was president of the provincial branch of the All India Muslim Women's Conference for seven years, and also served as vice-president of the Central Committee of the All India Muslim Women's Conference.[1]

She was the first woman in Asia to preside over a legislative session.[6] She was also associated with the education and orphanage committees of the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, in Lahore, and with several hospitals, as well as maternity and child welfare committees.[1] She was a member of the All Indian General Committee of the Red Cross Society.[1]

Books

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Jahanara Shahnawaz wrote a novel titled Husn Ara Begum and her memoirs titled Father and Daughter: a political autobiography.[7][8][9] She also wrote for women's and literary magazines.[7]

Death and legacy

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Jahanara Shahnawaz died on 27 November 1979 at age 83.[1] She had three children: Ahmad Shahnawaz Sr., a chemical engineer and the first Indian to attend Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Nasim Shahnawaz (Nasim Jahan), who married General Akbar Khan and later became a politician of the Pakistan Peoples Party, and Mumtaz Shahnawaz, who died in a plane crash in 1948 while on her way to the United Nations General Assembly to represent Pakistan there.[6][10]

Jahanara Shahnawaz worked for the economic independence of Pakistan. She was of the view that the foreign policy of Pakistan should be based on trade among nations and not aid.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Profile of Begum Shah Nawaz". Storyofpakistan.com website. 1 June 2003. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  2. ^ Muneeza Shamsie (11 July 2015). And the World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women. Feminist Press at The City University of New York. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-1-55861-931-9.
  3. ^ Rizvi, Syed Asif Ali (January 1993), "Mian Muhammad Shafi: An Analytical Study of his Activities and Achievements (1869—1932)", South Asian Studies, 10 (1), University of Punjab: 87–, ProQuest 1308976142
  4. ^ Partha S. Ghosh (23 May 2012). The Politics of Personal Law in South Asia: Identity, Nationalism and the Uniform Civil Code. Routledge. pp. 234–. ISBN 978-1-136-70512-0.
  5. ^ a b Shireen Burki (22 August 2013). The Politics of State Intervention: Gender Politics in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. Lexington Books. pp. 22–. ISBN 978-0-7391-8433-2.
  6. ^ a b "Pakistan Day: Women at the forefront". Dawn (newspaper). 21 March 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Most extensive website on the famous Begum Jahan Ara Shahnawaz with many historical Photographes and press clipping". Archived from the original on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  8. ^ Father and Daughter: a political autobiography. Lahore: Nigarishat, 1971. Also: Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2002 0195796462
  9. ^ Cynthia Nelson; Shahnaz J. Rouse (2000). Situating Globalization: Views from Egypt. Transcript. p. 133 and 156. ISBN 978-3-933127-61-7.
  10. ^ "Life & Times of Begum Shahnawaz". Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  11. ^ "Economic freedom for Pakistan vital". Dawn. Pakistan. 14 December 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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