Stanisław Hutten-Czapski
Stanisław hrabia Hutten-Czapski, of Leliwa (b. 1779 in Nyasvizh, d. 1844 in Kėdainiai)[1][2][3] was a Polish Count, who later became a decorated Colonel during the Napoleonic wars. He was the son of Franciszek Stanisław Hutten-Czapski, the governor of Chełmno[3] and Veronica Radziwill (1754-Unknown), sister of Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł.[3]
Early life[edit]
Stanisław and his brother Karol spent their childhood at the Nesvizh Castle with their uncle Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, the wealthiest magnate of Poland and Lithuania.[citation needed] They were then educated by Piarist Fathers in a college in Vilnius.[citation needed]
Napoleonic Wars[edit]
Stanisław Hutten-Czapski was in the Polish Legions.[1]
Invasion of Russia of 1812[edit]
In July, 1812, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte appointed Stanisław as Colonel and commander of the 22nd Lithuanian Infantry Regiment.[1][2][4] With it, he partook in the beginning of Napoleon's invasion of Russia, fighting bravely in the battle of Kaidanava, for which he was awarded Virtuti Militari.[5] During Napoleon's retreat from Russia, Stanisław fought in the battle of Berezina.[6]
German Campaign of 1813[edit]
During the German Campaign of 1813, Czapski fought in the Battle of Dresden with his regiment and was awarded the French Legion of Honour for his conduct.[1][5] He later fought in the Battle of Hanau in October 1813, in which his close friend Prince Dominik Hieronim Radzivil was killed.[5]
Estates[edit]
The Tsarist authorities confiscated his Lithuanian Estates, but later Stanisław and his brother Karol were amnestied by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and their properties in Lithuania were returned to them.[citation needed]
Stanisław's Lakhva estate was destroyed during the war.[citation needed] He received the Kėdainiai estate in Lithuania as part of his maternal inheritance from the Radziwills.[5] He established himself in Swojatycze, near Minsk, and dedicated himself to agricultural activities, hunting, and purchasing and selling properties.[citation needed] From 1827 to 1844, the count lived in the manor house which he established by the Dotnuvėlė stream near Kėdainiai.[1] Here he took care of agriculture, forestry and raising horses.[1] At the end of his life, he found himself in economic difficulties.[5] He died in 1844.[1] After his death, his eldest son Marian inherited the estate.[1]
Personal life[edit]
In 1810 Stanisław Czapski married Sophia (1797-1866),[3] the daughter of the Castellan of Minsk, Michała Obuchowicza (1760-1818),[7] and had four children: Michalina, Marian, Adolf and Edward.[3][1] Stanisław's brother Karol married Sophia's sister, Fabianna Obuchowicza (1787-1876).[8]
Decorations[edit]
- Polish Virtuti Militari 3rd class[9][3]
- French Legion of Honor[3][5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Kėdainiai region museum 2020, p. 34.
- ^ a b Chwalczewski & Dąbrowski 1938, p. 194.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Stanislaw Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa". sejm-wielki. Marek Jerzy Minakowski.
- ^ Nawrot 2008, p. 488.
- ^ a b c d e f Czapska, Maria ( translated from the French by Alasdair Lean) (2014). A Family of Central Europe : Through the Storm. Buenos Aires-Krakow: Wyd. Znak and Czapski Editors. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9788324029891.
- ^ Bielecki 1990, pp. 22–24.
- ^ "Michał Obuchowicz h. Incl". sejm-wielki. Marek Minakowski.
- ^ "Fabianna Obuchowicz h. Incl". sejm-wielki. Marek Minakowski.
- ^ Wesolowski, Zdzislaw (1992). The Order of the Virtuti Militari and Its Cavaliers, 1792-1992. Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski Dr. p. 101. ISBN 9780937527016.
Bibliography[edit]
- Kėdainiai region museum (2020). Kėdainiai - Istorija [Kėdainiai - History] (PDF) (in Lithuanian).
- Bielecki, Robert (1990). Berezina 1812. MON. ISBN 9788311078314.
- Chwalczewski, Jerzy; Dąbrowski, Ignacy (1938). "CZAPSKI HUTTEN Stanisław (1779-1844)". Polish Biographical Dictionary. Vol. IV. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętnośc.
- Nawrot, Dariusz (2008). Litwa i Napoleon w 1812 roku [Lithuania and Napoleon in 1812]. Uniwersytet Slaski. ISBN 9788322617489.