Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria
المحكمة الدستورية العليا
Al-Mahkamah al-Dustūrīyah al-‘Ulyā
Coat of arms of Syria
Established1973
JurisdictionSyrian Arab Republic
LocationDamascus
Composition methodPresidential appointment
Authorized bySyrian Constitution
Judge term lengthrenewable terms of four-years
Number of positions11
LanguageArabic
President of the Supreme Court
CurrentlyMohammad Jihad al-Laham
Since8 May 2018

The Supreme Constitutional Court (Arabic: المحكمة الدستورية العليا, Al-Mahkamah al-Dustūrīyah al-‘Ulyā) is the highest jurisdictional authority in the Syrian Arab Republic.

History[edit]

The Supreme Court was established under the Syrian Constitution of 1973 to adjudicate electoral disputes, rule on the constitutionality of a law or decree challenged by the prime minister or People's Council, and to render opinions on the constitutionality of bills, decrees, and regulations when requested to do so by the prime minister.

The High Constitutional Court is forbidden, however, to question the validity of the popularly approved "laws submitted by the President of the Republic to popular referendums." The court consists of the president and four judges he appoints to serve a renewable term of four years.[1]

Composition[edit]

The Supreme Court consists of its president called the President of the Supreme Court and 10 ordinary member judges.[2] Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President.

Syrian Constitution of 2012 declares the judiciary independent, and assigns the President (and the Supreme Judicial Council, which the President heads) as the protector of judicial independence (Arts. 132-133).[3]

The Supreme Constitutional Court was extended from five members to at least seven members, but all are still appointed by presidential decree (Art. 141).[3] Constitutional Court members continue to serve four-year renewable terms (Art. 143).[3]

Current membership (May 2022)[edit]

Competences[edit]

  • Deciding the constitutionality of laws and regulations[6]
  • Delivering opinions on the constitutionality of draft laws and legislative decrees upon request by the President[6]
  • Supervising presidential elections[6]
  • Considering challenges to presidential and legislative elections[6]
  • Trying the President in the case of high treason[6]
  • Constitutional review over laws passed by referendum[6]
  • Expressing opinions on the constitutionality of draft laws upon request [6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Country Studies: Syria, Library of Congress Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ موقع الاستعلام الالكتروني للخدمات الحكومية
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "President al-Assad issues a decree appointing the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court Muhammad Jihad al-Lahham and appointing its other members". Syrian Arab News Agency. 12 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Syria's Supreme Constitutional Court Finalizes List of Candidates for Presidential Election". Asharq Al-Awsat. 12 May 2021.
  5. ^ "الرئيس الأسد يصدر مرسوماً بتجديد تسمية رئيس و6 أعضاء في المحكمة الدستورية العليا وتسمية 4 أعضاء جدد". SANA. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Country–Syria". p. constitutionniet.org. Retrieved 25 November 2021.