Timeline of Cambridge

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cambridge, England.

Prior to 16th century[edit]

973 – Market active^[1]
c. 1000–50 – St Bene't's Church built
1068 – Cambridge Castle erected
1101 – Town incorporated^[2]
c. 1130 – Holy Sepulchre church built
1144 – Cambridge is sacked by Geoffrey de Mandeville^[3]^: 75^[4]
1154 – Cambridge fair active^[1]
1200 – Charter granted^[5]
1209 – University of Cambridge established by scholars from Oxford^[6]
1211 – Stourbridge fair first recorded
1213 – Hervey FitzEustace, first recorded mayor^[7]
c. 1215 – Richard of Wetheringsett, first Chancellor of the University of Cambridge^[8]
1231 – The University is recognised by a writ of authority over its townspeople from Henry III^[9]
1233 – A letter from Pope Gregory IX grants privileges to the University's scholars^[10]
1261 – Cambridge academics attempt to set up a university of Northampton, suppressed by the Crown in 1265^[11]
1266 – Raided by Barons who had been disinherited after the Battle of Evesham, and the murder of the Jews in the town^[3]^: 75
1275 – Expulsion of the town's Jews by Queen Dowager Eleanor of Provence^[3]^: 82
1284 – University's Peterhouse college founded^[12]
1326 – Clare College founded^[13]
1347 – Pembroke College founded^[12]
1348 – Gonville & Caius College founded^[13]
1350 – Trinity Hall college founded^[13]
1352 – Corpus Christi College founded^[13]
1381 – Disorder during the Peasants' Revolt^[3]^: 75
1416 – University Library exists by this date
1441 – King's College founded^[13]
1446 – Foundation stone of King's College Chapel laid
1448 – Queens' College founded^[13]
1473 – St. Catherine College founded^[13]
1496 – Jesus College founded^[13]

16th-18th centuries[edit]

1505 – Christ's College founded^[13]
1511 – St John's College established^[12]
1515 – King's College Chapel fan vault completed
1521 – John Siberch is active as a printer, the earliest known here^[14]
1525 – Robert Barnes gives probably the first openly evangelical sermon in an English church, at St Edward King and Martyr
1534 – University Press granted a royal charter
1542 – Magdalene College founded
1546 – Trinity College founded^[12]
1556 – John Hullier burned as a Protestant on Jesus Green
1584 – Emmanuel College founded^[13]
1595 – Sidney Sussex College founded^[13]
1615 – Perse School founded
1638 – Cambridge, Massachusetts named^[15]
1640 – Oliver Cromwell elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge^[16]
1667 – Eagle and Child pub in business
1695 – Wren Library at Trinity College completed
1730 – University's Senate House completed
1744 – Cambridge Journal and Weekly Flying Post begins publication^[17]
1747 – Shire-hall built^[2]
1749 – Mathematical Bridge built at Queens' College
1762 – Cambridge Chronicle newspaper begins publication^[18]
1766 – Addenbrooke's Hospital founded
1784 – Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge established^[19]
1793
- Cambridge Intelligencer newspaper begins publication^[17]
- Cambridge Quarters composed for new clock of the Church of St Mary the Great

19th century[edit]

1800 – Downing College founded^[13]
1816 – Fitzwilliam Museum founded
1817 – Cambridge Town Club (cricket club) formed^{[citation needed]}
1828
- Bull Hotel in business
- Cambridge University Boat Club founded
1829 – The Boat Race, rowed against Oxford, begins^[12] (annual from 1856)
1831 – Bridge of Sighs built over the Cam at St John's College
1833 – The Pitt Building built in honour of William Pitt the Younger, an undergraduate of Pembroke College and Prime Minister, to house the printing and publishing offices of Cambridge University Press
1833 – Anatomy theatre attacked by a mob^[20]
1839 – Cambridge Advertiser newspaper begins publication^[21]
1840 – Cambridge Antiquarian Society founded
1841 – Cambridge's first post-reformation Roman Catholic church opens as St Andrew's Church
1845 – Eastern Counties Railway begins operating to Cambridge railway station^[5]
1848 – Mill Road Cemetery established
1858 – Cambridge School of Art founded
1854 – Deighton, Bell & Co. booksellers in business^[22]
1869 – Girton College for women founded^[12]
1871 – Newnham College for women founded
1874 – Cavendish Laboratory completed
1876 – W. Heffer bookseller begins business as a stationer
1880
- Cambridge Street Tramways begin operation
- St Radegund pub built on part of the site of the Garrick Hotel
1881 – Ridley Hall and Westcott House theological colleges founded
1883 – Footlights student amateur dramatic club founded
1884 – Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology founded
1888 – Cambridge Daily News begins publication^[23]
1890
- Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church consecrated
- Victoria Avenue Bridge built
1894 – Homerton College, a Congregationalist teacher training college, moves to Cambridge
1896 – Pye Ltd established as scientific instrument makers by W. G. Pye
1897 – Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria^[24]
1899 – Westminster College, a Presbyterian theological college, moves to Cambridge

20th century[edit]

1901 – Population: 38,379^[25]
1908 – Cambridge Town F.C. formed^[26]
1912
- Cambridge United F.C. established as Abbey United
- University's Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences opens
1914 – Cambridge Street Tramways cease operation
1918 – First Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols held at King's College^[27]
c 1921 – Fitzbillies bakery opened by Ernest and Arthur Mason in Trumpington Street
1922 – War Memorial unveiled^[28]
1923 – Jesus Green Swimming Pool opens
1928 – Cambridge Preservation Society founded^[29]
1934 – New University Library completed
1938 – Cambridge Airport opens
1939 – London educational institutions evacuated to Cambridge: Queen Mary College to King's College (until 1945); London Hospital Medical College (until 1943) and The Bartlett (until 1945) to St Catharine's College; SOAS to Christ's College; London School of Economics to Peterhouse (until 1945); Bedford College to Newnham College (until 1944); and Barts to Queens' College (until 1946)^[30]
1948 – First women admitted to study for full academic degrees in the University but have no associated privileges^[31]
1949
- University's Cambridge Bibliographical Society founded^[32]
- University of Cambridge's Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator begins operating
1951 – City charter granted^[33]
1954 – Murray Edwards College for women founded as New Hall
1956 – Kettle's Yard established by Jim Ede
1957 – Twinned with Heidelberg
1958 – Churchill College established
1960 – Cambridge Consultants founded
1964
- Darwin College for graduates founded
- Cambridge Folk Festival begins
1965
- Lucy Cavendish College for mature women founded
- Wolfson College for mature students founded as University College
1966
- Clare Hall for graduates established
- Fitzwilliam College chartered as a college
1970
- February: Garden House riot
- Heffer's open a flagship bookshop in Trinity Street
1972
- Three previously all-male colleges of the University admit women undergraduates
- Cambridge Theological Federation formed^[34]
1974
- First Strawberry Fair held^[35]
- First Cambridge Beer Festival held
1975 – University's Cambridge Science Park founded^[12]
1976
- Sancton Wood School founded
- First Andy's Records store opened in Mill Road
1977 – Robinson College founded
1989 – Cambridge Fun Run (footrace) begins
1990
- Royal Greenwich Observatory relocated to Cambridge from Herstmonceux Castle
- ARM Holdings established as Advanced RISC Machines Ltd
1992 – Anglia Ruskin University is established as a public university
1998 – Abcam established

21st century[edit]

2003 – University's Centre for Mathematical Sciences completed in West Cambridge
2006
- Local Plan 2006 (town planning) adopted^[36]^[37]
- Cambridge International School established
2007 – The Centre for Computing History is established
2009 – Anne Jarvis becomes first woman University Librarian of the University of Cambridge
2010 – Homerton College chartered as a full college of the University of Cambridge
2011 – Phase One of the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway opens^[38]
2013 – North West Cambridge development planned
2016 – New global headquarters for AstraZeneca projected for completion
2017 – Cambridge North railway station opens^[39]
2019 – Sonita Alleyne becomes the first black woman elected as head of an Oxbridge college, Master of Jesus

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Samantha Letters (2005), "Cambridgeshire", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
^ ^a ^b Edmund Carter (1753). "Cambridge (town)". History of the County of Cambridge. Cambridge.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Alison Taylor, "Cambridge, the hidden history", (Tempus: 1999) ISBN 0752414364
^ "Mandeville, Geoffrey de".
^ ^a ^b George Henry Townsend (1867), "Cambridge", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
^ "Middle Ages". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ "Mayoral history". Cambridge City Council. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
^ "Wetheringsett [Wethersett], Richard of [Richard of Leicester] (fl. c.1200–c.1230)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29148. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Close Rolls.
^ Zutshi, Patrick (2012). "The Dispersal of Scholars from Oxford and the Beginnings of a University at Cambridge: A Study of the Sources". The English Historical Review. 127 (528): 1041–1062. doi:10.1093/ehr/ces209. JSTOR 23272738. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
^ Lawrence, C. H. (1984). "The University in State and Church". In Aston, T. H.; Catto, J. I. (eds.). The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Timeline: Cambridge through the Centuries". About the University. University of Cambridge. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l A.W. Holland, ed. (1904), "Cambridge Colleges and Halls", Oxford & Cambridge Yearbook, vol. 2: Cambridge, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.
^ Charles Edward Sayle, ed. (1902). "English Provinces: Cambridge". Early English Printed Books in the University Library, Cambridge (1475 to 1640). Vol. 2: English Provincial Presses. Cambridge University Press. hdl:2027/njp.32101041573732. (chronological list)
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (Massachusetts)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–97.
^ "Cambridge history". Archived from the original on 19 June 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Murphy, M. J. (1972). "Newspapers and Opinion in Cambridge, 1780–1850". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 6 (1): 35–55. JSTOR 41154513.
^ Cooper, Charles Henry (c. 1845). Annals of Cambridge. Vol. 4: 1688–1853. Cambridge: University Press.
^ Paul Kaufman (1967). "The Community Library: A Chapter in English Social History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 57 (7): 1–67. doi:10.2307/1006043. JSTOR 1006043.
^ Hurren, Elizabeth T. (2 May 2002). "Patients' rights: from Alder Hey to the Nuremberg Code". History & Policy. London; Cambridge. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
^ "Cambridge". Newspaper Press Directory. London: Charles Mitchell. 1847.
^ Jonathan R. Topham (1998). "Two Centuries of Cambridge Publishing and Bookselling: a Brief History of Deighton, Bell and Co., 1778–1998". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 11. JSTOR 41154875.
^ "Cambridge (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
^ Elizabeth Hammerton & David Cannadine (1981). "Conflict and Consensus on a Ceremonial Occasion: The Diamond Jubilee in Cambridge in 1897". Historical Journal. 24 (1): 111–146. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00008050. JSTOR 2638907. S2CID 159497291.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (England)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–96.
^ "Cambridge City FC's farewell to Milton Road". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
^ Nine lessons and carols: History of the service, King's College Chapel, archived from the original on 15 March 2008, retrieved 9 March 2008.
^ K. S. Inglis (1992). "The Homecoming: The War Memorial Movement in Cambridge, England". Journal of Contemporary History. 27 (4): 583–605. doi:10.1177/002200949202700402. JSTOR 260943. S2CID 159578581.
^ "Cambridge Past, Present & Future" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Association for Local History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
^ Woodward, Sarah (21 April 2023). "City of refuge". Cam (98). Retrieved 29 April 2023.
^ "Fact sheet: Women at Cambridge: A Chronology". University of Cambridge. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
^ "Cambridge Bibliographical Society". Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
^ "The city of Cambridge – Modern history | A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3: The City and University of Cambridge (1959)". 1959. pp. 15–29. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
^ "Origins". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
^ Elliott, Chris (3 June 2017). "Four decades of Strawberry Fair". Cambridge News. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
^ "How it could have been". Cambridgeshire: Local History. BBC. February 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
^ "Local Plan 2006". Cambridge City Council. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
^ "Cambridgeshire guided busway opens to passengers". BBC News Online. 7 August 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
^ "Delayed £50m Cambridge North railway station opens". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 21 May 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

External links[edit]

"Cambridgeshire", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester. Includes digitized directories of Cambridge, various dates
Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Cambridge, various dates

52°12′18″N 0°07′08″E / 52.205°N 0.119°E / 52.205; 0.119

[fairs-1] Samantha Letters (2005), "Cambridgeshire", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History

[carter1753-2] Edmund Carter (1753). "Cambridge (town)". History of the County of Cambridge. Cambridge.

[Taylor1999-3] Alison Taylor, "Cambridge, the hidden history", (Tempus: 1999) ISBN 0752414364

[4] "Mandeville, Geoffrey de".

[townsend1867-5] George Henry Townsend (1867), "Cambridge", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.

[6] "Middle Ages". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.

[7] "Mayoral history". Cambridge City Council. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

[8] "Wetheringsett [Wethersett], Richard of [Richard of Leicester] (fl. c.1200–c.1230)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29148. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[9] Close Rolls.

[Zutshi-10] Zutshi, Patrick (2012). "The Dispersal of Scholars from Oxford and the Beginnings of a University at Cambridge: A Study of the Sources". The English Historical Review. 127 (528): 1041–1062. doi:10.1093/ehr/ces209. JSTOR 23272738. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.

[11] Lawrence, C. H. (1984). "The University in State and Church". In Aston, T. H.; Catto, J. I. (eds.). The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.

[cam-timeline-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Timeline: Cambridge through the Centuries". About the University. University of Cambridge. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[yearbook1904-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l A.W. Holland, ed. (1904), "Cambridge Colleges and Halls", Oxford & Cambridge Yearbook, vol. 2: Cambridge, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.

[14] Charles Edward Sayle, ed. (1902). "English Provinces: Cambridge". Early English Printed Books in the University Library, Cambridge (1475 to 1640). Vol. 2: English Provincial Presses. Cambridge University Press. hdl:2027/njp.32101041573732. (chronological list)

[15] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (Massachusetts)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–97.

[16] "Cambridge history". Archived from the original on 19 June 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2018.

[murphy1972-17] Murphy, M. J. (1972). "Newspapers and Opinion in Cambridge, 1780–1850". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 6 (1): 35–55. JSTOR 41154513.

[cooper4-18] Cooper, Charles Henry (c. 1845). Annals of Cambridge. Vol. 4: 1688–1853. Cambridge: University Press.

[19] Paul Kaufman (1967). "The Community Library: A Chapter in English Social History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 57 (7): 1–67. doi:10.2307/1006043. JSTOR 1006043.

[20] Hurren, Elizabeth T. (2 May 2002). "Patients' rights: from Alder Hey to the Nuremberg Code". History & Policy. London; Cambridge. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2014.

[21] "Cambridge". Newspaper Press Directory. London: Charles Mitchell. 1847.

[22] Jonathan R. Topham (1998). "Two Centuries of Cambridge Publishing and Bookselling: a Brief History of Deighton, Bell and Co., 1778–1998". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 11. JSTOR 41154875.

[BL-23] "Cambridge (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[24] Elizabeth Hammerton & David Cannadine (1981). "Conflict and Consensus on a Ceremonial Occasion: The Diamond Jubilee in Cambridge in 1897". Historical Journal. 24 (1): 111–146. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00008050. JSTOR 2638907. S2CID 159497291.

[brit1910-25] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (England)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–96.

[26] "Cambridge City FC's farewell to Milton Road". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

[27] Nine lessons and carols: History of the service, King's College Chapel, archived from the original on 15 March 2008, retrieved 9 March 2008.

[28] K. S. Inglis (1992). "The Homecoming: The War Memorial Movement in Cambridge, England". Journal of Contemporary History. 27 (4): 583–605. doi:10.1177/002200949202700402. JSTOR 260943. S2CID 159578581.

[29] "Cambridge Past, Present & Future" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Association for Local History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2013.

[30] Woodward, Sarah (21 April 2023). "City of refuge". Cam (98). Retrieved 29 April 2023.

[31] "Fact sheet: Women at Cambridge: A Chronology". University of Cambridge. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2010.

[32] "Cambridge Bibliographical Society". Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[33] "The city of Cambridge – Modern history | A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3: The City and University of Cambridge (1959)". 1959. pp. 15–29. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

[34] "Origins". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[35] Elliott, Chris (3 June 2017). "Four decades of Strawberry Fair". Cambridge News. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

[36] "How it could have been". Cambridgeshire: Local History. BBC. February 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[37] "Local Plan 2006". Cambridge City Council. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[busway-38] "Cambridgeshire guided busway opens to passengers". BBC News Online. 7 August 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

[39] "Delayed £50m Cambridge North railway station opens". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 21 May 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

Timeline of Cambridge

Prior to 16th century[edit]

16th-18th centuries[edit]

19th century[edit]

20th century[edit]

21st century[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Published in the 19th century[edit]

1800s-1840s[edit]

1850s-1890s[edit]

Published in the 20th century[edit]

External links[edit]