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Traverse City Area Public Schools

Coordinates: 44°45′10.3″N 85°37′49.2″W / 44.752861°N 85.630333°W / 44.752861; -85.630333
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Traverse City Area Public Schools
Address
1009 S. Oak Street
, Michigan, 49684
United States
Coordinates44°45′10.3″N 85°37′49.2″W / 44.752861°N 85.630333°W / 44.752861; -85.630333
District information
TypePublic
MottoGreat Community, Great Schools
GradesK-12
Established1871; 153 years ago (1871)
SuperintendentDr. John VanWagoner
NCES District ID2633870[1]
Students and staff
Students8,908 (2021-22)[1]
Teachers466.57 (on an FTE basis)[1]
Student–teacher ratio19.09[1]
Other information
Websitewww.tcaps.net

Traverse City Area Public Schools (TCAPS; /ˈtkæps/ TEE-kaps) is a public school district based in Traverse City, Michigan, United States. This district includes 10 elementary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 high schools, 1 alternative high school, and 1 Montessori school. The district is headquartered in the Boardman Building, a former elementary school. In 2017, Traverse City Central and West High Schools were named among the most challenging in the country.[2] The district serves as the second-largest employer in the city of Traverse City.[3] As of 2017, TCAPS was the 18th largest school district in Michigan by enrollment.[4]

The district serves 8,908 students (as of the 2021–22 school year) over an area of 283.6 square miles (735 km2).[5][6] The district encompasses about half of Grand Traverse County, as well as southeastern Leelanau County and a few square miles of eastern Benzie County.

History

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Central Grade School, the district's largest elementary school and former home of Traverse City High School from 1937 to 1959.

Traverse City's first public school district was founded in 1871 when Boardman, Central, Elmwood Avenue, Oak Park, and Union Street Independent Schools united. Today, all of these schools are closed, but Boardman, Central and Union Street school buildings are used for other purposes. Since 1871, many other schools around the area have been annexed and built.

In 1997, because of overcrowding at Traverse City Senior High School (TCSHS), which had since become the largest high school in Michigan, a second high school was built, and opened in early 1998. The new high school became Traverse City West Senior High School, and the former TCSHS became Traverse City Central High School.[7] This succeeded the split of Traverse City Junior High School into Traverse City West Junior High and East Junior High in 1992.[8]

In the mid-2000s, due to dwindling attendance, five elementary schools closed their doors: Bertha Vos, Glenn Loomis, Norris, Oak Park, and Sabin Elementary schools. Also, up until the 2009–10 school year, elementary schools in the district had grades K-6, junior high schools had 7–9, and senior highs had 10–12. However, at the beginning of this school year, the 6th grade class was moved to the junior highs (renamed middle schools), and the freshman class was moved to the senior high schools.

In 2011, the original Long Lake Elementary closed to be rebuilt nearby. This was the first time since 1997 that the district had opened a new building.

In March 2016, TCAPS decided to close Bertha Vos International School and Interlochen Community. Officials almost closed Old Mission Elementary School, but an unknown donor has pledged to pay about $100,000 to keep it open. In May 2016, the nearby Kingsley Area Schools decided to look into purchasing the Interlochen.[9] For both 2015 and 2016 the TCAPS Japanese exchange program, in which TCAPS students exchange with Japanese ones for one week, has been completely paid for by an anonymous donor.[citation needed]

In May 2017, Eastern Elementary closed for a rebuild, similar to the rebuild of Long Lake Elementary six years prior. The project lasted the entire 2017/18 school year, and was completed in summer of 2018. The students were moved to the nearby vacant Bertha Vos, which closed the previous year. This project costed around $10 million.[10] Also in 2017, a Traverse City food company called Food for Thought bought the vacant Long Lake Elementary School building, which was used as an elementary school before 2011. The company remodeled the elementary building into a warehouse.[11]

In 2018, TCAPS has three vacant properties around the Traverse City Area. It is unknown if these properties are to become schools, but TCAPS has expressed feelings of building a new district headquarters, replacing the old Boardman Building in Traverse City. Also in 2018, Old Mission School became an independent district, further lowering the number of elementary schools in the district.

In 2019, Paul Soma retired as superintendent of TCAPS, and Ann Cardon took over.[12] However, that October, Cardon resigned, due to tension between her and the school board. Former superintendent Jim Pavelka took the position of interim superintendent.[13] On May 20, 2020, Dr. John VanWagoner, former superintendent of Alpena Public Schools, was elected to become the next superintendent. VanWagoner was elected by the board 7–0 over Denise Herrmann, former superintendent of the Roseville Joint Union High School District in Roseville, California.[14][15] VanWagoner was officially hired in June 2020.[16]

Also in 2019, TCAPS announced their intent to rebuild their Montessori school at the old Glenn Loomis Elementary, set to open in the 2021–2022 school year.[17] Proposed locations included east of Thirlby Field, its current location west of Thirlby Field, or on Franke Road near Meijer. In January 2020, TCAPS voted to build on the Franke Road location. The school officially opened in June 2023, after years of delay.[18] This succeeds a number of school rebuilds and remodels around the area, including the building of remodeled front entrances at Courtade, Willow Hill, Silver Lake Elementary schools, as well as West Middle School, during summer of 2019, and Westwoods and Blair in 2020. Blair, Silver Lake, and Westwoods Elementary schools had also been expanded in the previous years to accommodate a higher number of students.[19]

COVID-19 pandemic

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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the announcement of three cases in Michigan, as well as other schools in Michigan closing, TCAPS announced they would stay open, for the best of the parents.[20] However, Governor Gretchen Whitmer announced the closure of all K-12 districts until April 6, 2020.[21] On April 2 of that year, the rest of the 2019–2020 school year was cancelled.[22] The first two weeks of the 2020–21 school year began on September 8 with online schooling.[23] Following this, the district went back to in-person schooling.[24][25]

Later in the year, on October 20, TCAPS reported that a staff member at Traverse City Central High School had contracted COVID-19. The next two days, a Wednesday and Thursday, would see Central students revert to online classes while the Grand Traverse County Health Department conducted contact tracing, with the following Friday seeing students return to in-school learning. However, other TCAPS schools, including Traverse City West Senior High School, would remain open.[26][27][28] On Sunday, November 8, TCAPS announced cases at West Senior High, and announced that that school would be closed the following day.[29] However, the next day, another case was announced, and TCAPS closed west again for the next day.[30] On Tuesday, November 10, TCAPS announced they would be closing both high schools, as well as both middle schools, for the rest of the week, while all elementary schools would remain open.[31] On Friday, November 13, TCAPS extended this second shutdown for the whole of the next week too.[32] Two days later, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services ordered all high schools resort to online learning once again, while leaving all K-8 schools open with restrictions.[33] An additional two weeks in April 2021 saw the middle and high schools close due to Michigan's rapid rise in COVID cases.[34]

Racist group chat incident

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In April 2021, TCAPS revealed that some high school students (at both Central and West) were involved in a Snapchat group called "Slave Trade", in which pictures of African American students were posted and assigned price tags. Screenshots showed messages such as "All Blacks should die" and "Let's have another Holocaust".[35] TCAPS, as well as the Grand Traverse County Sheriff's Department both conducted investigations at both high schools.[36]

Board of education

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The following table lists members of the current TCAPS Board of Education (as of 2023):[37]

Member[37] Position Appointment
Scott Newman-Bale President 2021
V. Flournoy Humphreys Vice President 2021
Andrew R. Raymond Treasurer 2020
Josey Ballenger Secretary 2021
Holly T. Bird Trustee 2023
Erica L. Moon Mohr Trustee 2019
Beth Pack Trustee 2023

School district boundary

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Most of the district is in Grand Traverse County. It includes the portion of Traverse City in that county, as well as the following townships: East Bay, Garfield, Long Lake, Peninsula, and Union. It also includes portions of Acme, Blair, Grant, Green Lake, and Whitewater townships. Census-designated places in this county within the district are Chums Corner, Grawn, and Interlochen.[38]

A portion of the district is in Leelenau County. The district covers that county's portion of Traverse City and sections of Elmwood Charter Township and Solon Township. This section includes Greilickville.[39]

A portion of the district is in Almira Township, Benzie County. This section of the district includes most of the Hardwood Acres CDP.[40]

Schools

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High schools

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TCAPS offers two comprehensive high schools, serving grades 9 through 12. In addition, the district offers alternative high school education.

Central High School

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Traverse City Central High School

Traverse City Central High School is Traverse City's oldest high school. Originally opened in 1853, the school is changed names and locations a multitude of times. Its current location was opened in 1959.[41][42] In 1997, the school, which had previously been named Traverse City Senior High School, changed names to Traverse City Central High School, after the original senior high school split to form West Senior High.[43] Its athletic teams are known as the Trojans.[44] The school's current principal is Jessie Houghton, and enrolls about 1,450 students.[45][46]

Traverse City West Senior High School

West Senior High School

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Traverse City West Senior High School is Traverse City's second comprehensive high school. It was opened in 1997 after overcrowding at the former Traverse City Senior High School. Since 2014, the school's principal has been Joe Esper, who took over from Joseph Tibaldi.[47] It enrolls about 1,540 students, making it the largest high school in Michigan north of Kent County.[48][49] Its athletic teams are known as the Titans.[50]

Traverse City High School

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TCAPS offers alternative education at Traverse City High School.[51] The school is located on Three Mile Road at the site of the former East Bay Elementary School. Despite having no athletic teams, the school's students are referred to as the "Mavericks". Its principal is Lance Morgan.[52]

Middle schools

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TCAPS has two middle schools, serving grades 6, 7 and 8.

Traverse City East Middle School

East Middle School

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Traverse City East Middle School is Traverse City's public middle school serving Traverse City's east side.[53] Because of it serving as a feeder to Central High School, East Middle's athletic teams are also known as the Trojans. It is located off Three Mile Road, on the same campus as Cherry Knoll Elementary School. The school was opened in 1992 to relieve crowding at the former Traverse City Junior High School.[54] The school's current principal is Dan Tiesworth, and enrolls about 800 students.[55][56]

Traverse City West Middle School

West Middle School

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Traverse City West Middle School is Traverse City's public middle school serving Traverse City's west side.[57] The school's athletic teams are known as the Titans, as the school serves as a feeder to West Senior High School. The school is located off Silver Lake Road, on grounds formerly used for agriculture by the Traverse City State Hospital. The school, formerly known as Traverse City Junior High School, was formerly located in what is now Central Grade School, but was located outside of the city to its current locale in the 1970s. In the 1990s, the original middle school was split into East and West Middle Schools. The school's current principal is Kristin Stuedemann, and the school enrolls about 1,090 students.[58][59]

Elementary schools

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TCAPS offers 10 standard elementary schools, serving grades prekindergarten through 5. In addition, the district offers a K-8 montessori school.

School Name Enrollment Opened Principal Address Mascot High school
Blair Elementary 216[60] 1992 Kirk Ranney 1625 Sawyer Road, Traverse City, MI 49684 Bobcats Central/West
Central Grade School 537[61] 1970 Jana DuGuay 301 W Seventh Street, Traverse City, MI 49684 Superstars Central/West
Cherry Knoll Elementary 366[62] 1956 Victoria Derks 1800 Three Mile Road, Traverse City, MI 49696 Wildcats Central
Courtade Elementary 244[63] 1992 Andrew Phillips 1111 Rasho Road, Traverse City, MI 49696 Cougars Central
Eastern Elementary 450[64] 1950s Jonathan Swegles 1600 Eastern Avenue, Traverse City, MI 49686 Stars Central
Long Lake Elementary 351[65] ??? Kate Burwinkel 7600 N Long Lake Road, Traverse City, MI 49685 Panthers West
Silver Lake Elementary 344[66] 1992 Angela Camp 5858 Culver Road, Traverse City, MI 49685 Seahawks West
TCAPS Montessori 310[67] 2008 Tracy Rucker 4053 Franke Road, Traverse City, MI 49684 Timberwolves Central/West
Traverse Heights Elementary 203[68] ??? Bryan Kay 933 Rose Street, Traverse City, MI 49686 RoadRunners Central
Westwoods Elementary 387[69] 1992 Toby Tisdale 1500 Fisher Road, Traverse City, MI 49685 Wings West
Willow Hill Elementary 423[70] 1953 Angela Sides-McKay 1250 Hill Street, Traverse City, MI 49684 Falcons West

Closed elementary schools

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School Name Closed Address Mascot High school Fate
Boardman Elementary 1978[71] 412 Webster Street, Traverse City, MI 49686 ??? TCSHS Converted to district headquarters, sold in 2024[72]
Bertha Vos Elementary 2008[73] 3723 Shore Road, Williamsburg, MI 49690 Bobcats Central Converted to TCAPS International, closed in 2016
East Bay Elementary 2002 3962 Three Mile Road, Traverse City, MI 49686 Coyotes Central Converted to Traverse City High School
Glenn Loomis Elementary 2008[73] 1009 Oak Street, Traverse City, MI 49685 Mercury Central/West Converted to TCAPS Montessori, abandoned in 2023, converted to district headquarters in 2024[72]
Interlochen Community School 2016[74] 3113 M-137, Interlochen, MI 49643 Lakers West Sold to Interlochen Center for the Arts in 2022[75]
Norris Elementary 2008[73] 10781 Cherry Bend Road, Traverse City, MI 49684 Navigators West Converted to Grand Traverse Regional Arts Campus
Oak Park Elementary 2006 301 Garfield Avenue, Traverse City, MI 49686 Pirates Central Converted to Northwest Educational Services School for Special Education
Old Mission Peninsula School 2018[76] 2699 Island View Road, Traverse City, MI 49686 Panthers Central Sold to an independent charter school
Sabin Elementary 2006 2075 Cass Road, Traverse City, MI 49685 Supercats Central/West Converted to TCAPS Sabin Data Center

Other facilities

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TCAPS utilizes Northwest Educational Services facilities for other forms of education. The Northwest Educational Services Career Tech is a technological education center used by West and Central High Schools.[77] Oak Park school (former Oak Park Elementary), also owned by Northwest Educational Services, is used as a special education school[78]

Athletic facilities

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Thirlby Field in Traverse City, which seats 9000, serves as a neutral ground between the athletic teams on Traverse City's west and east sides. The stadium is used by both Traverse City West and Central, as well as St. Francis High School, as a home field for football, soccer, and lacrosse. Both high schools also use Howe Arena and Centre Ice Arena for ice hockey and figure skating. The Grand Traverse Bay YMCA complexes are used for swim meets. Both high schools in the district, as well as middle schools, have their own football fields, used for smaller football games, as well as track and field. These schools also have their own baseball, softball, and tennis court complexes.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Search for Public School Districts – District Detail for Traverse City Area Public Schools". National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences.
  2. ^ "U.S. high school rankings by state — Most challenging schools". Washington Post. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  3. ^ "Major Employers: Northern Nexus". Northern Nexus. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  4. ^ "Michigan's 50 largest school districts in 2017-18". MLive. Booth Michigan. March 23, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  5. ^ "Search for Public School Districts - District Detail for Traverse City Area Public Schools". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  6. ^ "About Our District". Traverse City Area Public Schools. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  7. ^ "When Trojans Became Titans". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  8. ^ "Looking Back On Education History In Traverse City". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  9. ^ Kaminski, Kyle (May 18, 2016). "Officials Explore Interlochen Options". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  10. ^ Kaminsky, Kyle (August 5, 2016). "District Moves Toward Eastern Rebuild". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  11. ^ Thompson, Carol (May 2, 2017). "Tamarack Purchases Old Long Lake School". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  12. ^ "TCAPS Superintendent Paul Soma Retires". 9 & 10 News. Cadillac, Michigan: WWTV-TV. June 25, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  13. ^ "Cardon out, Pavelka in as Interim, Questions Remain at TCAPS". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  14. ^ Quealy, Brendan. "BREAKING: TCAPS selects VanWagoner as next superintendent". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  15. ^ "TCAPS Selects Dr. Vanwagoner as Next Superintendent". 9 & 10 News. Cadillac, Michigan: WWTV-TV. May 20, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  16. ^ Quealy, Brendan. "VanWagoner officially hired as TCAPS superintendent after contract approved". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
  17. ^ Buti, Brittney (February 13, 2019). "TCAPS board approves building of new Montessori school". UpNorthLive. Traverse City: WPBN-TV. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  18. ^ wperkins@record-eagle.com, William T. Perkins (June 7, 2023). "TCAPS cuts ribbon on new Montessori school". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
  19. ^ "Cherry Knoll Expansion to Start; Montessori, More Projects on Horizon". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  20. ^ Schlegel, Madison; Bourland, Adam (March 11, 2020). "TCAPS Stays Open Amid Growing Coronavirus Concerns". 9 & 10 News. Cadillac, Michigan: WWTV-TV. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  21. ^ WOODTV.com Staff; Eggert, David (March 13, 2020). "Gov. Whitmer Closes All Michigan Schools Amid COVID-19 Scare". Grand Rapids, Michigan: WOOD-TV. Associated Press. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  22. ^ "Whitmer orders K-12 schools close for rest of year, sets guidelines for remote learning". FOX 2 Detroit. Southfield, Michigan: WJBK-TV. April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
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  24. ^ Johnston, Max (August 11, 2020). "TCAPS plans to return to in-person learning this fall, but first two weeks start online". www.interlochenpublicradio.org. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  25. ^ "TCAPS Schools To Reopen For Face-To-Face Instruction Monday". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  26. ^ "Traverse City Central High School Moves to Remote Learning for 2 Days Due to COVID-19 Case". 9 & 10 News. Cadillac, Michigan: WWTV-TV. October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  27. ^ Quealy, Brendan. "Update: Central High School shut down for 2 days after positive COVID case". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  28. ^ "Central High School To Go Remote For Two Days After Positive Coronavirus Case Identified". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  29. ^ "West Senior High Goes Virtual Monday, COVID-19 Cases Found At Four TCAPS Schools". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  30. ^ "TC West Senior High Goes Virtual Again Tuesday". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  31. ^ "All TCAPS Middle, High Schools to Go Virtual Rest of Week". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  32. ^ "TCAPS Extends Virtual Learning for Middle, High Schools". 9 & 10 News. Cadillac, Michigan: WWTV-TV. November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  33. ^ Mauger, Craig. "Gov. Whitmer closing high schools, colleges, in-person dining, casinos, movie theaters". The Detroit News. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
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  35. ^ Spala, Natalie (April 25, 2021). "TCAPS investigating alleged 'slave trade' group chat involving students". UpNorthLive. Traverse City, Michigan: WPBN-TV. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  36. ^ "TCAPS Investigating Racist Social Media Group". 9 & 10 News. Cadillac, Michigan: WWTV-TV. April 23, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  37. ^ a b "Board of Education". Traverse City Area Public Schools. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  38. ^ United States Census Bureau (January 1, 2020). "School District Reference Map: Grand Traverse County, MI" (PDF) (Map). 2020 Census. 1:97,877. Suitland, Maryland: United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  39. ^ United States Census Bureau (January 1, 2020). "School District Reference Map: Leelanau County, MI" (PDF) (Map). 2020 Census. 1:145,140. Suitland, Maryland: United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 16, 2023. Text list.
  40. ^ United States Census Bureau (January 1, 2020). "School District Reference Map: Leelanau County, MI" (PDF) (Map). 2020 Census. 1:118,213. Suitland, Maryland: United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 16, 2023. Text list.
  41. ^ The Pines (Yearbook). Traverse City High School. 1959. Retrieved July 7, 2020 – via Classmates.com.
  42. ^ House, Elizabeth, ed. (1960). The Pines (Yearbook). Traverse City High School. Retrieved August 21, 2020 – via Classmates.com.
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  49. ^ "Michigan's 60 largest high schools in 2016–17 and their demographics". MLive. Booth Michigan. May 5, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
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  52. ^ "Lance Morgan Profile". Traverse City Area Public Schools. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  53. ^ "TC East Middle School". Traverse City Area Public Schools. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
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  56. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for East Middle School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  57. ^ "TC West Middle School". Traverse City Area Public Schools. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  58. ^ "Our Staff". Traverse City Area Public Schools. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  59. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for West Middle School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  60. ^ "Search for Public Schools - School Detail for Blair Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
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  62. ^ "Search for Public Schools - School Detail for Cherry Knoll Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  63. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Courtade Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  64. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Eastern Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  65. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Long Lake Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  66. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Silver Lake Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  67. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for TCAPS Montessori School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  68. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Traverse Heights Elem School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  69. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Westwoods Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  70. ^ "Search for Public Schools: School Detail for Willow Hill Elementary School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  71. ^ Siciliano, Peg. "Roll Call: Early area schools check in, check out". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  72. ^ a b tsnyder@record-eagle.com, Travis Snyder (March 13, 2024). "TCAPS administrators start move to Glenn Loomis". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  73. ^ a b c Finger, Christine. "Courtade to make room for displaced Bertha Vos students". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  74. ^ Merlin, Michelle. "Update: TCAPS to close Interlochen, Bertha Vos". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  75. ^ "TCAPS, Interlochen Center For The Arts Reach Settlement In Interlochen Community School Dispute". The Ticker: Traverse City News & Events. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  76. ^ Boursaw, Jane Johnson (September 4, 2018). "Old Mission Peninsula School Opens as a Charter School". Old Mission Gazette. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  77. ^ "Career-Tech Center". Northwest Educational Services. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  78. ^ "Programs for Students with Autism: Schools & Programs". Traverse Bay Area Intermediate School District. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
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