Tucumcari, New Mexico

Coordinates: 35°10′10″N 103°43′32″W / 35.16944°N 103.72556°W / 35.16944; -103.72556
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Tucumcari, New Mexico
Quay County Courthouse in 2008
Quay County Courthouse in 2008
Official seal of Tucumcari, New Mexico
Location of Tucumcari in New Mexico
Location of Tucumcari in New Mexico
Tucumcari, New Mexico is located in the United States
Tucumcari, New Mexico
Tucumcari, New Mexico
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 35°10′10″N 103°43′32″W / 35.16944°N 103.72556°W / 35.16944; -103.72556
CountryUnited States
StateNew Mexico
CountyQuay
Founded1901
Government
 • MayorRuth Ann Litchfield
Area
 • Total9.51 sq mi (24.63 km2)
 • Land9.51 sq mi (24.62 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
4,091 ft (1,247 m)
Population
 • Total5,278
 • Density555.17/sq mi (214.34/km2)
Time zoneUTC−7 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
ZIP code
88401
Area code575
FIPS code35-79910
GNIS feature ID0915909
WebsiteCity Website

Tucumcari (/ˈtkəmˌkær/; TOO-cum-carry) is a city in and the county seat of Quay County, New Mexico, United States.[3] The population was 5,278 at the 2020 census.[4] Tucumcari was founded in 1901, two years before Quay County was established.[5]

History[edit]

Tucumcari in 1929

In 1901, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad built a construction camp in the western portion of modern-day Quay County. Originally called Ragtown, the camp became known as "Six Shooter Siding", due to numerous gunfights. Its first formal name, Douglas, was used only for a short time.[6] After it grew into a permanent settlement, it was renamed Tucumcari in 1908. The name was taken from Tucumcari Mountain, which is situated near the community.[7] The origin of the mountain's name is uncertain; it may have been derived from the Comanche word tʉkamʉkarʉ, which means 'ambush'.[8] A 1777 burial record mentions a Comanche woman and her child captured in a battle at Cuchuncari, which is believed to be an early version of the name Tucumcari.[6][9]

In December 1951, a water storage tank collapsed in the city. Four were killed and numerous buildings were destroyed.[10]

Former railroad transit point[edit]

Tucumcari until the mid-twentieth century was a junction for transcontinental train service. The Rock Island Railroad ran pool train operations with the Southern Pacific, with transfers at the station (for the Tucumcari-Los Angeles leg of the trip). The Choctaw Rocket (Memphis-Little Rock-Tucumcari-El Paso-Los Angeles) made the switch there (for the coach cars). The Golden State (Chicago-Kansas City-Topeka-Tucumcari-El Paso-Los Angeles) ran continuously through the town.[citation needed]

Cattle ranches[edit]

  • Bell Ranch - created from a land grant in 1824 and now one of the very largest ranches in the United States
  • T4 Cattle Company - founded in 1902 and continues to be a family run enterprise, one of the country's largest ranches

Geography[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.6 sq mi (19.6 km2), of which 7.5 sq mi (19.5 km2) is land and 0.13% is water.

Climate[edit]

Tucumcari has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), characterized by cool winters and hot summers. Rainfall is relatively low except during the summer months, when thunderstorms associated with the North American monsoon can bring locally heavy downpours. Snowfall is generally light, with an average of 14.9 inches (0.38 m). Due to the frequency of low humidity, wide daily temperature variations are normal.

The record high temperature at Tucumcari was 111 °F (44 °C) on June 11, 2022, and the record low temperature −22 °F (−30 °C) on January 13, 1963. The hottest monthly mean maximum has been 100.5 °F (38.1 °C) in July 2011 and the coldest mean minimum 12.4 °F (−10.9 °C) in January 1963, although the coldest month by mean maximum was January 1949, with a mean high of 38.6 °F or 3.7 °C.[11]

The wettest calendar year has been 1941, with 34.94 inches (887.5 mm) and the driest, 1934, with 6.13 inches (155.7 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 11.19 inches (284.2 mm) in July 1950. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 4.41 inches (112.0 mm) on June 21, 1971. The most snowfall in one year was 51.2 inches (1.30 m), from July 1911 to June 1912. The most snowfall in one month was 30.0 inches (0.76 m), in February 1912.[11]

Climate data for Tucumcari, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1904–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27)
87
(31)
92
(33)
97
(36)
103
(39)
111
(44)
110
(43)
108
(42)
105
(41)
97
(36)
90
(32)
82
(28)
111
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 72.1
(22.3)
76.9
(24.9)
84.4
(29.1)
89.3
(31.8)
95.8
(35.4)
103.5
(39.7)
103.8
(39.9)
101.4
(38.6)
98.0
(36.7)
90.8
(32.7)
81.1
(27.3)
73.2
(22.9)
105.7
(40.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 53.4
(11.9)
57.9
(14.4)
65.7
(18.7)
73.3
(22.9)
82.0
(27.8)
92.0
(33.3)
94.5
(34.7)
92.3
(33.5)
85.5
(29.7)
74.6
(23.7)
62.6
(17.0)
53.4
(11.9)
73.9
(23.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 39.0
(3.9)
43.0
(6.1)
50.2
(10.1)
57.7
(14.3)
66.9
(19.4)
76.7
(24.8)
80.1
(26.7)
78.1
(25.6)
71.2
(21.8)
59.4
(15.2)
48.1
(8.9)
39.5
(4.2)
59.2
(15.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 24.7
(−4.1)
28.1
(−2.2)
34.8
(1.6)
42.2
(5.7)
51.8
(11.0)
61.4
(16.3)
65.7
(18.7)
63.9
(17.7)
56.8
(13.8)
44.3
(6.8)
33.6
(0.9)
25.6
(−3.6)
44.4
(6.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 9.2
(−12.7)
12.0
(−11.1)
18.2
(−7.7)
27.6
(−2.4)
37.0
(2.8)
50.4
(10.2)
58.5
(14.7)
56.8
(13.8)
43.5
(6.4)
28.1
(−2.2)
17.3
(−8.2)
8.7
(−12.9)
4.2
(−15.4)
Record low °F (°C) −22
(−30)
−16
(−27)
−3
(−19)
14
(−10)
25
(−4)
37
(3)
52
(11)
49
(9)
30
(−1)
12
(−11)
−2
(−19)
−12
(−24)
−22
(−30)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.42
(11)
0.38
(9.7)
0.93
(24)
1.03
(26)
1.76
(45)
1.80
(46)
2.84
(72)
2.60
(66)
1.63
(41)
1.41
(36)
0.57
(14)
0.70
(18)
16.07
(408.7)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.8
(9.7)
2.1
(5.3)
1.5
(3.8)
0.4
(1.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.8
(2.0)
2.2
(5.6)
4.1
(10)
14.9
(37.4)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 3.7
(9.4)
1.9
(4.8)
1.8
(4.6)
0.8
(2.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.4
(1.0)
1.9
(4.8)
3.6
(9.1)
5.8
(15)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 2.7 3.0 3.9 4.7 5.9 6.4 8.9 9.4 5.6 5.8 3.3 3.9 63.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 2.2 8.0
Source 1: NOAA[12]
Source 2: National Weather Service[11]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
19102,526
19203,11723.4%
19304,14332.9%
19406,19449.5%
19508,41935.9%
19608,143−3.3%
19707,189−11.7%
19806,765−5.9%
19906,8311.0%
20005,989−12.3%
20105,363−10.5%
20205,278−1.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[13] [4][2]
Tucumcari Mountain, 2007
Attebury Grain Elevator, 2011

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 5,989 people, 2,489 households, and 1,607 families residing in the city. The population density was 793.8 inhabitants per square mile (306.5/km2). There were 3,065 housing units at an average density of 406.2 per square mile (156.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 75.87% White, 1.29% African American, 1.39% Native American, 1.20% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 17.10% from other races, and 2.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.41% of the population.

There were 2,489 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,560, and the median income for a family was $27,468. Males had a median income of $25,342 versus $18,568 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,786. About 19.1% of families and 24.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture[edit]

The buildings formerly at Metropolitan Park (locally known as "Five Mile Park" because it is located about five miles (8 km) outside of town) were designed by Trent Thomas, adapted from his design of La Fonda Hotel in Santa Fe. The park once featured New Mexico's largest outdoor swimming pool. Owing to deterioration, Metropolitan Park was named to the New Mexico Heritage Preservation Alliance's list of Most Endangered for 2003.[15] In 2010, the park's main building caught fire and burnt to the ground. The city of Tucumcari razed the site weeks after the fire.[16]

In 2014, a series of suspicious fires destroyed abandoned buildings, including the Tucumcari Motel, Payless Motel, and a house in the 500 block of North Fourth Street. A former Tucumcari Police Department officer and several others have been charged with arson.[17][18][19]

The town formerly hosted an air show each year. The show held on October 4, 2006, was canceled after one hour when a single-engine plane crashed, resulting in the pilot's death.[20]

Tucumcari Tonite, Route 66, and tourism[edit]

Blue Swallow Motel, 2012
Route 66 in Tucumcari, 2020

For many years, Tucumcari has been a popular stop for cross-country travelers on Interstate 40 (formerly U.S. Route 66 in the area). It is the largest city on the highway between Amarillo, Texas and Albuquerque, New Mexico. Billboards reading "TUCUMCARI TONITE!" placed along I-40 for many miles to the east and west of the town invite motorists to stay the night in one of Tucumcari's "2000" (later changed to "1200") motel rooms. The "TUCUMCARI TONITE!" campaign was abandoned in favor of a campaign which declared Tucumcari, "Gateway to the West". However, on June 24, 2008, Tucumcari's Lodgers Tax Advisory Board, the group responsible for the billboards, voted to return to the previous slogan.[21]

Old U.S. Route 66 runs through the heart of Tucumcari via Route 66 Boulevard, which was previously known as Tucumcari Boulevard from 1970 to 2003 and as Gaynell Avenue before that time. Numerous businesses, including gasoline service stations, restaurants, and motels, were constructed to accommodate tourists as they traveled through on the Mother Road. A large number of the vintage motels and restaurants built in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s are still in business despite intense competition from newer chain motels and restaurants in the vicinity of Interstate 40, which passes through the city's outskirts on the south.

Tucumcari is the home of over 50 murals. Most were painted by artists Doug and Sharon Quarles and serve as a tourist attraction.[22]

Downtown[edit]

Train station, 2008
The Federal Building (Sands-Dorsey Drug) burned on June 8, 2007.

Most of Tucumcari's oldest buildings lie along or near Main Street in the Historic Downtown area. These include:

  • Rock Island-Southern Pacific Train Station (built 1926, restored 2011)
  • Odeon Theatre (built 1937, still operating)
  • Crescent Creamery (vacant)
  • Masonic Temple (still operating)
  • Princess Theater (under renovation)

Also located in the downtown area are the concrete arches that once surrounded the Hotel Vorenburg, which was demolished in the 1970s after being damaged by fire. The Federal Building, commonly known as Sands-Dorsey Drug, was damaged by two fires before finally being demolished in 2015. The location is now a park.[23][24]

Education[edit]

It is a part of the Tucumcari Public Schools school district.[25] Schools in Tucumcari include:

  • Tucumcari Early Head Start and Head Start (non-public daycare and preschool)
  • Tucumcari Elementary School (public Pre-K through fifth grade)
  • Tucumcari Middle School (public sixth grade through eighth grade)
  • Tucumcari High School (public ninth grade through twelfth grade)

Tertiary schools:

Notable people[edit]

  • In 1896, Tom "Black Jack" Ketchum and his associates robbed a post office and store in Liberty, NM, a community that dissolved after the railroad bypassed it. Many of Liberty's residents moved to the nearby railroad siding that eventually became Tucumcari. Some of the local residents believe that there is a cave in a mesa south of Tucumcari that may hold some loot from the robbery of Liberty, New Mexico.[26]
  • Musician Bob Scobey was born in Tucumcari in 1916.[27]
  • American character actor Paul Brinegar was born in Tucumcari.[28]
  • Tucumcari High School graduate Stan David was a star safety for the Texas Tech Red Raiders and played 16 NFL games for the Buffalo Bills in 1984. He was listed as number 48 in the Sports Illustrated list of "The 50 Greatest New Mexico Sports Figures".[29]
  • Rex Maddaford, who competed for the New Zealand team in the 1968 Summer Olympics, has been a long-time Tucumcari Public Schools faculty member.[30]

In popular culture[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ a b "QuickFacts Tucumcari city, New Mexico". Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  5. ^ "Request Rejected". www.usbr.gov. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Tucumcari". New Mexico Office of the State Historian. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  7. ^ "Photo Guide:T". Southwest Collection Library. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  8. ^ Lila Wistrand-Robinson & James Armagost. Comanche Dictionary and Grammar, 2nd edition (2012, Summer Institute of Linguistics).
  9. ^ "Cuchuncari", however, is from Old Comanche kuhtsunkarɨ 'buffalo sitting'.
  10. ^ Barnhart, Charles E.; May, Marvin C.; Wager-Smith, D. R. W.; Bailey, Arthur P.; Hill, H. O.; Greenberg, S. A. (1952). "The Tucumcari Tank Failure: New Mexico Society of Professional Engineers [with Discussion]". Journal (American Water Works Association). 44 (5): 435–441. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1952.tb15382.x. ISSN 0003-150X. JSTOR 41236514.
  11. ^ a b c "NOAA Online Weather Data - NWS Albuquerque". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  12. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access - Station: Tucumcati 4NE, NM". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  13. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  15. ^ NMHeritage.org: Resources: NM Preservation Resources Archived 2007-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Officials to relocate playground equipment | playground, relocate, officials - News - Quay County Sun". Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  17. ^ "Payless Inn, abandoned house destroyed by fire". Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  18. ^ "Former Tucumcari police officer target of state police investigation". Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  19. ^ "Fires destroy 2 abandoned Tucumcari motels". Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  20. ^ Fatal accident at air show : News : KVII Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "'Tucumcari Tonite' Returns to Billboards". Albuquerque Journal. June 25, 2008.
  22. ^ "New Mexico couple's murals helping bring tourists to their town". KRQE. February 6, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
  23. ^ "Sands-Dorsey building collapses under fire". Quay County Sun. May 8, 2012. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  24. ^ "City acquires the Sands Dorsey building for demolition". Quay County Sun. July 28, 2015. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  25. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Quay County, NM" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  26. ^ Black Jack Ketchum
  27. ^ "Yahoo!". www.mmguide.musicmatch.com. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  28. ^ Wilson, Earl (November 27, 1969). "Small Towns Have Produced Many Big Stars". The Milwaukee Sentinel. pp. A33. Retrieved May 22, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ "SI.com - SI 50th - New Mexico - The 50 Greatest New Mexico Sports Figures - Wednesday July 09, 2003 04:11 PM". CNN.
  30. ^ "Quay County Sun". Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
  31. ^ "Domain Inquiry". jcgi.pathfinder.com. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  32. ^ Google Books: The Echelon Vendetta
  33. ^ "Hollywood comes to Tucumcari". Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2016.

External links[edit]