Jump to content

Evesham

Coordinates: 52°05′31″N 1°56′49″W / 52.092°N 1.947°W / 52.092; -1.947
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Twyford, Worcestershire)
This article is about the town in Worcestershire. For other uses, see Evesham (disambiguation).

Evesham
Evesham is located in Worcestershire
Evesham
Evesham
Location within Worcestershire
Population27,684 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP0343
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townEVESHAM
Postcode districtWR11
Dialling code01386
PoliceWest Mercia
FireHereford and Worcester
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Worcestershire
52°05′31″N 1°56′49″W / 52.092°N 1.947°W / 52.092; -1.947

Evesham (/ˈiːv(ɪ)ʃəm, ˈiːsəm/)[2] is a market town and parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands region of England. It is located roughly equidistant between Worcester, Cheltenham and Stratford-upon-Avon. It lies within the Vale of Evesham, an area comprising the flood plain of the River Avon, which has been renowned for market gardening. The town centre, situated within a meander of the river, is subjected regularly to flooding. The 2007 floods were the most severe in recorded history.

The town was founded around an 8th-century abbey, one of the largest in Europe, which was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, with only Abbot Lichfield's Bell Tower remaining. During the 13th century, one of the two main battles of England's Second Barons' War took place near the town, marking the victory of Prince Edward, who later became King Edward I; this was the Battle of Evesham.

History

[edit]

Toponymy

[edit]
The Market Place in Evesham, circa 1904 by Edmund Hort New.
See also: History of Worcestershire

Evesham is derived from the Old English homme or ham,[3] and Eof,[4] the name of a swineherd in the service of Egwin, third Bishop of Worcester. It was originally named Homme or Haum[5] and recorded as Eveshomme in 709 and Evesham in 1086.[4] The second part of the name (homme or ham) typically only signifies a home or dwelling, but in Worcestershire and Gloucestershire was commonly applied to land on the sides of a river, generally in bends of a river, which were liable to flood.[6][a]

Abbey

[edit]
Evesham Abbey bell tower

Evesham Abbey, which became possibly the third largest in England,[8] was founded by Saint Egwin, the third Bishop of Worcester, in around 701 AD, following the vision of the Virgin Mary to a local swineherd or shepherd named Eof.[9][10]

An entry in the Great Domesday Book of 1086 lists Evesham, mentioning "Two free men; Two radmen; Abbey of St Mary of Evesham; Abbey of St Mary of Pershore; Edmund, Abbot of St Mary of Pershore; Walter, Abbot of St Mary of Evesham; Aethelwig, Abbot of St Mary of Evesham; King William as donor; Odo, Bishop of Bayeux; Ranulph; Turstin, Abbot of St Mary of Pershore; Walter Ponther; Westminster, Gilbert Crispin, Abbot of St Peter."[11]

The abbey was redeveloped and extended after the Norman Conquest, employing many tradesmen and significantly contributing to the growth of Evesham.[12] Income for the abbey came from pilgrims to the abbey to celebrate the vision and visitors to the tomb of Simon de Montfort. As a result of Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries, Evesham Abbey was dismantled in 1540 and sold as building stone, leaving little but the Lichfield Bell Tower.[13] The abbey remains are a Scheduled Ancient Monument (No. WT253), and parts of the abbey complex, Abbot Reginald's Wall (registered monument) and the ruins of Abbot Chryton's Wall (Grade II), are English Heritage listed buildings.[14] The abbey's coat of arms is used as the crest of Prince Henry's High School. Two surviving buildings with links to the abbey are the Middle Littleton Tythe Barn and the Almonry Museum and Heritage Centre, which is housed in the old almonry of the abbey and also displays artefacts from excavations there.[15][16]

Battle

[edit]
Main article: Battle of Evesham

Following the Battle of Lewes a year earlier, where Simon de Montfort had gained control of parliament, the Battle of Evesham in August 1265 was the second of two main battles of the Second Barons' War. It marked the victory of Prince Edward, who led the 8,000 strong army of his father Henry III, over the 6,000 men of de Montfort, and the beginning of the end of the rebellion. The battle was a massacre; de Montfort's army were trapped in the horseshoe bend of the river,[17] Although Simon de Montfort and his son were killed, Prince Edward's victory was not decisive towards the King's hold on the country, and the struggle continued until 1267,[18][19] after which the kingdom returned to a period of unity and progress that was to last until the early 1290s.[20] During the battle the royal army wore the Saint George's Cross as their distinguishing mark.[21] It is believed that the Battle was one of the first times that the cross was used to officially represent England. According to the chronicler William Rishanger, when de Montfort saw the advance of the royal troops, he exclaimed that "They have not learned that for themselves, but were taught it by me."[22]

Town

[edit]
The Almonry, originally part of Evesham Abbey

The medieval town developed within the meander of the River Avon, while Bengeworth developed to the east on the opposite bank of the river. In 1055 a market was granted to the Saxon town by King Edward.[12] In the 11th century Leofric, Earl of Mercia, had a hunting lodge at Bengeworth. Leofric founded Holy Trinity Church with his wife Godifu (Lady Godiva). Godifu, who died in around 1067, is possibly buried at the abbey.[23] During the reign of King Stephen, William de Beauchamp erected an adulterine castle at Bengeworth, whose occupants vied for control of the town and abbey. When Abbot William had the castle destroyed between 1149 and 1159, he consecrated the site as a graveyard to prevent the castle being rebuilt.[24][25] Evesham was a borough and market town in the hundred of Blackenhurst in county of Worcestershire[5] and after 1837 head of the Evesham Poor Law Union which took responsibility for the administration and funding of the Poor Law, and built a workhouse for that area.[26]

Governance

[edit]
Evesham Town Hall

Evesham Borough Council, which was based at Evesham Town Hall, administered the town until 1974 when Wychavon District Council became the local authority.[27] Evesham is now a town and civil parish governed at the lowest tier of local government by Evesham Town Council, part of the Wychavon District of the County of Worcestershire. Residents in the eight council electoral wards are represented by 24 elected members. The wards, based on streets, are represented by elected councillors: Abbey (1), Avon (2), Bengeworth (5), Fairfield (1), Great Hampton (3), Little Hampton (5), South (5), Twyford (2). The council is chaired by a mayor, and has a Town Clerk who acts as chief officer.[28]

Geography

[edit]

Evesham is situated on a horseshoe-shaped peninsula almost completely surrounded by water in a meander of the River Avon between Stratford-upon-Avon and Tewkesbury. The modern town encompasses Bengeworth and Greater and Little Hampton, which were originally independent villages on the opposite bank of the river. Evesham is linked to Bengeworth by Workman Bridge and Hampton by Abbey Bridge, or New Bridge the first completely structural concrete bridge in the country.[29] The Cotswold hills stretch from the east to the south-west, while to the west the area is bounded by the Malvern Hills. To the north the land is flat with gentle undulations.[30] The Avon, a tributary of the River Severn, is navigable but mainly used by leisure traffic and there is a marina providing moorings.

The River Avon at Evesham has always been susceptible to heavy flooding which is well documented from the 13th century. In May 1924 floods at Evesham ranked 5th in the annual flood list 1848 to 1935.[31] In May 1998, Evesham was one of the towns worst hit by record flooding along the River Avon. The river rose 19 feet (5.8 m) in just a few hours, sinking tethered narrowboats, flooding areas of Bengeworth, and threatening the 19th-century Workman Bridge as static homes from a riverside caravan site broke up and became wedged in its arches. In July 2007 Evesham had its heaviest rainfall for 200 years, reaching more than 320% the average in some areas. In the Severn catchment, it caused some of the heaviest floods recorded, and in Evesham the flooding was the worst in its recorded history.[32]

Location grid
Evesham
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
38
 
 
7
3
 
 
25
 
 
8
2
 
 
24
 
 
11
3
 
 
32
 
 
13
5
 
 
27
 
 
17
7
 
 
36
 
 
19
10
 
 
31
 
 
22
12
 
 
39
 
 
22
12
 
 
40
 
 
18
10
 
 
44
 
 
14
8
 
 
37
 
 
10
5
 
 
33
 
 
7
3
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [33]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.5
 
 
45
37
 
 
1
 
 
46
36
 
 
1
 
 
51
38
 
 
1.3
 
 
55
42
 
 
1.1
 
 
62
45
 
 
1.4
 
 
67
50
 
 
1.2
 
 
72
54
 
 
1.5
 
 
71
53
 
 
1.6
 
 
65
50
 
 
1.7
 
 
58
46
 
 
1.4
 
 
50
41
 
 
1.3
 
 
45
37
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Demography

[edit]

At the 2001 UK census, Evesham had a total population of 22,304. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. The average household size was 2.3.[34] Of those aged 16–74 in Evesham, 57.5% had no academic qualifications or one General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE),[35] above the figures for all of the Wychavon district (44.2%) and England (45.5%).[36] According to the census, 2.4% were unemployed and 9.4% were economically inactive.[35] 20.1% of the population were under the age of 16 and 7.7% were aged 75 and over; the mean age of the people of the civil parish was 38.2. 69.9% of residents described their health as "good", similar to the average of 69.1% for the wider district.[37]

Economy

[edit]

Due to its exceptionally fertile soil, market gardening is carried out on a commercial scale in the surrounding area, known as the Vale of Evesham, which is known for its production of fruit and vegetables. A distinctive form of leasehold tenure, known as the Evesham Custom, still regulates market garden tenancies in the area. A decline in the second half of the 20th century resulted in the closing of Evesham's Smithfield Market while the Central Market stopped being used for produce auctions.

The Riverside Shopping Centre

Between 1983 and 2008, Evesham was home to computer manufacturer Evesham Micros, later renamed Evesham Technology. It was a significant contributor to the United Kingdom's domestic computer and digital television market. At its peak, the company employed up to 300 people with a chain of 19 retail stores in towns and cities throughout the UK. It went into liquidation in 2008.[38]

Evesham's town centre provides a number of food outlets and some retail along its traditional high street and the Riverside Shopping Centre, though the latter is struggling with only 9 of the 40 units being occupied as of May 2024.[39]

Evesham is home to several out-of-town retail parks that draw shoppers away from the centre; these include Four Pools Lane Retail Park, Evesham Shopping Park, the Sinclair Retail Park, Charity Crescent Retail Park, and The Valley. The Valley (formerly Evesham Country Park), is a large retail and leisure park located out of town with a diversity of stores, restaurants and cafés.[40][41] The Vale includes the Evesham Vale Light Railway miniature railway.[42][43][44][45][46]

Transport

[edit]

Roads

[edit]

In 1728, the London to Worcester road through Evesham was turnpiked, as was the Evesham to Alcester road in 1778, improving communications in the area.[47] Evesham is at the junction of the A46 and A44 trunk roads – the 4-mile (6 km) £7 million, A46 single-carriageway bypass to the east of the town opened in July 1987 as the A435.[48]

Work began in September 2013 to replace the Abbey Bridge and was completed in March 2014.[49]

Water

[edit]

The River Avon is a navigable waterway linking the River Severn at Tewkesbury to the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal at Stratford-upon-Avon. The river between the town and Stratford is managed by the Upper Avon Navigation Trust and below by the Lower Avon Navigation Trust, reflecting the administration of the river since the Restoration, when the lower Avon required only modest repairs, but significant investment was required above the town.[50] The ancient Hampton Ferry links the town to Hampton.[51][52]

Railway

[edit]

In 1845, an Act of Parliament was passed for the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway to be built;[5] Evesham railway station was subsequently opened between Honeybourne and Pershore. The station is on the Cotswold Line from Oxford to Worcester, Great Malvern and Hereford. There are trains every 45–55 minutes to London Paddington that take approximately 1 hour 45 minutes and trains to Birmingham take around 90 minutes, including a change at Worcester.

Education

[edit]

Schools in Evesham follow the three-tier education model of first school (ages 5–10), middle school (ages 10–13), and high school (ages 13–18) adopted by Wychavon District Council 1974 and completed by 1977. Twelve first (primary) schools which include state non-denominational schools as well as Church of England Bengeworth Academy and Roman Catholic school feed four middle schools which in turn send their pupils to complete their secondary education at The De Montfort School and Prince Henry's High School which originated as a grammar school established by the monastery and was re-founded by Henry VIII after the Dissolution.[5] The Vale of Evesham School, operated by Worcestershire County Council, caters for children from the area aged 2 – 19 with special needs, and learning disabilities. Further education is provided by Evesham College, part of the Warwickshire College Group following the merger with South Worcestershire College (previously known as Evesham and Malvern Hills College)[53] which caters mainly for students studying at the NVQ and BTEC level or undertaking practical vocational courses.[54] [55]

The nearest higher education providers are the University of Worcester and the University of Gloucestershire. A University of the Third Age was established in 2003 and in 2010 had 600 members.[56]

Places of worship

[edit]
The 1906 sandstone and red brick Evesham Methodist Church on the banks of the River Avon
All Saints Church Evesham

It is possible that the 8th-century Anglo-Saxon Minster Church of Evesham Abbey was founded on the site of an even older church. The medieval town had two parish churches, All Saints and St Lawrence built within the abbey precinct.[12] Religious establishments in Evesham include All Saints Church, Evesham Baptist Church, Evesham Evangelical Church, Evesham Methodist Church, St Andrew's C of E Church, St Mary & Saint Egwin's Church, St Peter's Church, Vale Of Evesham Christian Centre, the Unitarian Chapel in Oat Street and a Quaker meeting place.

Culture, Media and Sport

[edit]

Culture

[edit]

Evesham had a distinctive dialect, which locals called "Asum Grammar",[57] or "Asum Grammer". The editor of the local newspaper quoted extracts from a fictitious dictionary of the language.[58] In 1891, a glossary was published of words and phrases in South-East Worcestershire, comprising the district around Evesham and Pershore. This publication itself built on that of an 1882 author identified only as "Mrs Chamberlain".[59] Prior to the 1882 book, little attention had been paid to the dialect of "the old Worcestershire folks", despite it being "interesting and peculiar". A decline in the dialect was already being noted, attributed at that time to standardisation of English schooling,[60] something noted also by later writers on English dialects.[61] The dialect continues to decline, but is stronger in older generations.[57] More recent factors in its decline are attributed to changes in the market gardening scene, where the dialect was to be heard at its fullest, and the impact of television.[58] In the local dialect, "Asum" is a contraction of the town's name.[57][62] Asum was an ale produced by the now defunct Evesham Brewery. "Eve-shum" is the more common phonetic pronunciation, but "Eve-uh-shum" is not uncommon.[62]

The art deco Regal Cinema

The Henrician Evesham was built in 1979 and is staffed and operated by volunteers and managed by The Prince Henry's Evesham Arts Theatre Trust.[63] It provides a venue for professional and amateur performance. Events hosted include drama, stand-up comedy, brass bands, orchestras, pantomime to ballet. The centre has a raked 312-seat auditorium, full technical facilities and film projection and a 60-seat studio space for smaller productions. The centre's foyer it is an exhibition space for local artists. The centre was managed by the Evesham Arts Association until 2020. The Henrician Evesham is now managed by Prince Henry's Evesham Arts Theatre Trust a registered charity.[64]

The Regal Cinema reopened in December 2009.[65] Its Grade II listed building was designed in 1932 by architect Hurley Robinson.[66][67] who was responsible for several public buildings in classical and Art Deco styles, including 55 other cinemas.[67] The Regal is the most important surviving example.[68] In 2009 the cinema signed a contract to show all Universal Studios films. It also serves as a community arts centre, offering a programme of music and stand-up comedy.[69] The other public Art Deco building in the town is the former Plough, which replaced an 18th century public house on the Market Place in 1936. Since then it became a bar and grill under a variety of different names and has been recently refurbished.[70]

Medieval Evesham, and the Earl of Evesham, inspired a novel Winning His Spurs by historical fiction author G. A. Henty.[71] A more recent novel by M. C. Beaton entitled Agatha Raisin and the Wizard of Evesham, takes place largely in Evesham, and two of the main characters visit the local sights, with descriptions.[72] Local folklore is provided for by the Legend of Evesham surrounding the life of Eof, an 8th-century swineherd credited with the founding of the town, and St Egwin the Bishop of Worcester who founded the abbey and who whose feet had been fettered and the key thrown in the River Avon. According to the legend, the key turned up in Rome inside a fish. On returning to Evesham, Egwin declared that a monastery be built on the spot where the key had been cast in the river.[13] A major landmark is the statue of Eof by the Scottish sculptor John McKenna that was funded by the townsfolk and unveiled in the market place in June 2008.[73]

Further information: Evesham River Festival

Paintings

[edit]

The Almonry Museum has an 1825 oil painting by William Robert Earl (1806–1880) which shows a distant view of the town as seen from Greenhill, site of the battle of Evesham.[74] More local views by George Willis-Pryce are on show in the town hall. Dating from the 1890s, they include the gateway to Market Square,[75] the entrance to the town across Workman's Bridge,[76] and the former Hampton Ferry across the Avon.[77] Elsewhere there is an Avon-side painting by Edward Stott in the style of Bastien-Lepage. This is titled "Feeding the Ducks"[78] and dates from 1884, when Stott shared a cottage in North Littleton with fellow painters Walter Osborne and Nathaniel Hill.[79]

Media

[edit]

Evesham local news has been served since 1860 by the Evesham Journal, which is now part of the Newsquest (Midlands South) Ltd., a subsidiary of Gannett; it is predominantly a weekly free newspaper that is distributed over four counties.[80] In 2007, the weekly free newspaper Evesham Observer was launched by Midlands-based Observer-Standard series of newspapers, now the family-owned Bullivant Media.[81]

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals can be received from either the Sutton Coldfield or Lark Stoke TV transmitters.[82][83]

BBC Hereford & Worcester broadcasts on 104 FM and 94.7, while commercial radio stations include Hits Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire on 96.7 FM and Greatest Hits Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire on 107.2 FM.

Sport

[edit]

The Evesham Leisure Centre comprises two swimming pools, a climbing wall, a 100-station fitness room and a health & beauty salon.[84] Football in Evesham is represented by Evesham United F.C., who play in the Southern Football League Division One South & West. Evesham Utd also run over 20 youth teams, several girls and women’s teams, several Disability teams and a Walking Football team. In Rugby Union, there are senior and youth sections at Evesham Rugby Club. There is also a cricket ground. The town also has a pétanque team[85] and a cycling club, Evesham & District Wheelers,[86] which was founded in 1947. The town is home to various watersports, due to its location on the river, including Evesham Rowing Club, Kayaking & Canoeing provided by the Evesham Paddle Monsters club and Evesham Sailing Club. The town has two golf courses: Evesham Golf Club, which is situated outside Fladbury, and Twyford Golf Club, which is situated just outside Lenchwick. Evesham Vale Running Club hold their 10K race event annually.[87]

Amenities

[edit]

The Evesham Library, managed by Worcestershire Libraries & Learning division of Worcestershire County Council, is located in the town centre and was completely modernised following a closure for refurbishment in January 2011. It offers community services that include an online catalogue, Wi-Fi internet access, public internet terminals and a mobile library.[88]

The Almonry Museum and Heritage Centre is a local museum that was opened in 1957 and is funded by the council. The museum and the Tourist Information Centre are housed together in a 14th-century half timbered building that was the home of the almoner of Evesham Abbey. Exhibits include many items of local interest including an exhibition themed on the battle of Evesham.[89]

Evesham has a 97-bed community hospital in Waterside, outside the town centre, used mainly by the elderly and for convalescence, although consultants from major Worcester NHS hospitals hold clinics there. The hospital maintains a Minor Injuries Unit (open from 9 am to 9 pm 7 days a week).[90] The town has three health centres, providing general practitioner first care services, and a dental centre. Evesham also has several nursing and retirement homes for the care of senior citizens. The Evesham area is covered by the Midlands Air Ambulance service, which has operated from the site of Strensham motorway services since 1991.[91]

Notable people

[edit]

Twin towns

[edit]

Evesham is twinned with:[114]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Some sources (notably Tindal) incorrectly cite 'holm' as a source for the town's name; but this was due to lack of knowledge of early forms of the name. Some sources (Rudge, Tindall, Lewis, May, etc.) give the name of the swineherd as Eoves, but it should be Eof, as explained as long ago as 1920 by historian O. G. Knapp. "It is impossible that Eoves should have been the Swineherd's name for several reasons. In the first place the letter 'V' is not found in the Saxon alphabet, having been brought to this country by the Normans; so that Eofeshamme, given in one of the charters, indicates the older and better form of the name... But even if Eofes is older and more accurate than Eoves it cannot be the original form of the name. A moment's reflection will show that if Evesham means the meadow of some person, the name of that person must be in what Grammarians call the Genitive (or Possessive) Case, Singular. This in modern English is nearly always denoted by 's placed at the end of the word; the apostrophe showing that a vowel has dropped out of the termination. Anglo-Saxon had a larger selection of endings for the Genitive Case, but the one in –es (the original form of our modern 's) belonged to what are called 'strong' Masculine nouns, which usually ended in a consonant. Eofes, therefore, would be the natural Genitive of a man's proper name, Eof. Ferguson suggests that the original form of the name might have been Eofa, but such a name would correspond to the 'weak' nouns which made their Genitive by adding not –es but –an; in which case the name of the town would have been Eofanham, as is shown in the case of Offenham, the Ham of Offa or Uffa. We may therefore take it as certain that the real name of the Swineherd was not Eoves, Eofes, or even Eofa, but Eof. And this is not a mere theoretical reconstruction, for Eof was actually a Saxon name... The form Eoves, though current for many centuries, is a mere blunder.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Evesham". City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  2. ^ BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names
  3. ^ Mills 1998, p. 404
  4. ^ a b Mills 1998, p. 132
  5. ^ a b c d Lewis, Samuel (1848), "Evesham", A Topographical Dictionary of England, British History Online, pp. 191–195, retrieved 10 January 2011
  6. ^ Mawer, Allen (1924), The Chief Elements Used in English Place-Names, Cambridge University Press
  7. ^ Knapp, O.G. (1920), "Evesham and Eof", Old Days in and around Evesham (edited by E.A.B. Barnard), no.13 (Evesham Journal April 3, 1920), Evesham Journal
  8. ^ "Welcome to the Almonry Website". Almonry Museum and Heritage Centre. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  9. ^ New, Edmund H. (1904). "Evesham". Project Gutenberg (2004). London: J. M. Dent. Retrieved 10 January 2011See chapter 2{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) see also Google books version, p.12
  10. ^ Alston, George Cyprian (1909), "Evesham Abbey", in The Catholic Encyclopedia, New York: Robert Appleton Company, retrieved 10 January 2011per New Advent website{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  11. ^ "Evesham, Worcestershire", in Folio 175v Great Domesday Book, (Catalogue reference E 31/2/1), The National Archives, Kew, retrieved 11 January 2011
  12. ^ a b c Archaeological assessment of Evesham, Hereford and Worcester (PDF), Arts and Humanities Data Service, p. 2, retrieved 10 January 2011[permanent dead link‍]
  13. ^ a b Page, William; Willis-Bund, J. W., eds. (1971). Houses of Benedictine monks: Abbey of Evesham. Victoria County History, Worcestershire. Vol. 2. London, UK. pp. 112–127. Retrieved 26 September 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ "West Midlands: Wychavon". Heritage at Risk (PDF). English Heritage. 2010. p. 73. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
  15. ^ "The Almonry Museum". Visit Worcestershire. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  16. ^ "The Almonry Museum and Heritage Centre". Visit Evesham. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  17. ^ Burne, p. 168.
  18. ^ Battle of Evesham, English Heritage, retrieved 10 January 2011
  19. ^ "Battle of Evesham, 4th August 1265". The Battlefields Trust. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  20. ^ Prestwich (2005), p. 121.
  21. ^ Prestwich (2005), p. 116.
  22. ^ "[W]hen Montfort saw the advance of the royal troops [wearing a red cross as their distinguishing mark], he exclaimed that 'They have not learned that for themselves, but were taught it by me.'" M. Prestwich, Plantagenet England: 1225-1360 (2005), p. 51.
  23. ^ Williams, Ann (2004). "Godgifu (died 1067?)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10873. Retrieved 10 January 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  24. ^ "English heritage". National Monuments record. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  25. ^ Dugdale, William; Caley, John; Ellis, Sir Henry; Bandinel, Bulkeley (1819). "Evesham Abbey in Worcestershire". Monasticon anglicanum: a history of the abbies and other monasteries. Vol. 2. p. 4. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  26. ^ Workhouse, Workhouses.org, retrieved 7 December 2010[permanent dead link‍]
  27. ^ Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c.70. The Stationery Office Ltd. 1997. ISBN 0-10-547072-4.
  28. ^ "Evesham Town Council".
  29. ^ "Evesham History". Evesham Town Council. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  30. ^ New, Edmund H (1904), chapter 2 (p.10 in Google books version)
  31. ^ Erwood, Guy (2007), "Historic Flooding in the Severn Catchment: Flood History - recent flooding", Managing Flood Risk - Bewdley Case Study, Geographical Association, p. 5, archived from the original (DOC) on 19 July 2011, retrieved 10 January 2011Click on 'flood events' link, then on 'history of flooding' within that document{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  32. ^ "Evesham". Environment Agency. 17 December 2009. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  33. ^ "MSN Weather UK - Today's UK weather forecast and world weather". weather.uk.msn.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  34. ^ "Evesham Parish Profile - Headcount". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  35. ^ a b "Evesham Parish Profile - Work and Qualifications". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  36. ^ "Wychavon: Qualifications". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  37. ^ "Evesham Parish Profile - People". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  38. ^ Fiveash, Kelly (11 February 2009). "Evesham Technology confirmed dead". Channel Register. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  39. ^ "New pictures show Evesham's Riverside Shopping Centre mess". Evesham Journal. 14 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  40. ^ "The Valley Evesham". The Valley Evesham. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  41. ^ Hancock-Bruce, Matt (11 November 2022). "First look at new minigolf and high-rope course at The Valley". Evesham Journal. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  42. ^ "New Husband and Wife Team Take Over Evesham Vale LR | Rail.co.uk". www.rail.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  43. ^ "Visiting engines a hit at Evesham Vale Light Railway Summer Gala". Evesham Journal. 11 July 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  44. ^ "Not one steam locomotive visitor... but two for Evesham Vale Light Railway". RailAdvent. May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  45. ^ Balloo, Stephanie (11 August 2020). "Best family days out in Worcestershire - from fairy trails to picnic spots". BirminghamLive. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  46. ^ Morris, Royston (15 July 2018). Miniature Railway Locomotives and Rolling Stock. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-7792-7. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  47. ^ English Turnpikes, Tuurnpikes, retrieved 12 January 2011
  48. ^ "Aldington: Evesham Bypass A46". Badsey.net. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  49. ^ "Bridge reopens after work delays". BBC News. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  50. ^ J. Davies, Shakespeare's Avon: the history of a navigation (Oakwood Press, 1996), 25-9.
  51. ^ "Hampton Ferry". Visit Evesham. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  52. ^ "Hampton Ferry". Discovering Evesham. Evesham Journal. Winter 2006.
  53. ^ "New Chapter Opens as Colleges Merge". Worcester News. 1 September 2000. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  54. ^ "Evesham and Malvern Hills College: Inspection Report" (PDF). Ofsted. May 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  55. ^ "South Worcestershire College merges with Warwickshire College Group". Midlands Business News. 3 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  56. ^ "Evesham and District U3A". Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  57. ^ a b c "Asum grammar". Badsey. 7 May 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  58. ^ a b "150 years of news", Eversham Journal, 19 August 2010, retrieved 13 January 2011
  59. ^ Chope, R. Pearse (1891), The Dialect of Hartland, Devonshire, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, p. v, retrieved 13 January 2011
  60. ^ Mrs Chamberlain (1882), A Glossary of West worcestershire Words, London: The English Dialect Society, p. vii, retrieved 13 January 2011
  61. ^ Wakelin, Martyn (2008), Discovering English Dialects, Shire Classics, Oxford, UK: Shire Publications, p. 51, ISBN 9780747801764, retrieved 13 January 2011[permanent dead link‍]
  62. ^ a b "Life in Evesham". Evesham Town Council. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  63. ^ "The Henrician Evesham". Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  64. ^ "1011504 - Prince Henry's, Evesham, Arts Theatre Trust". Charity Commission.
  65. ^ "Regal Sign Deal with Universal". Evesham Journal. 2 December 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  66. ^ "Evesham Regal Trust". Archived from the original on 11 March 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  67. ^ a b "British Listed Buildings, Evesham". Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  68. ^ "The Regal Events". Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  69. ^ "Press Clippings". Archived from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  70. ^ Philip Butler, Streamline Worcestershire (2017), ISBN 978-1-9997596-0-5
  71. ^ Henty, G. A. (2008). Winning His Spurs. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-60424-597-4.
  72. ^ Beaton, M. C., Agatha Raisin & the Wizard of Evesham, Robinson Publishing, ISBN 978-1849011419
  73. ^ "The Statue of Eof - the Legend of Evesham". Evesham Town Council. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  74. ^ Art UK
  75. ^ Art UK
  76. ^ Art UK
  77. ^ Art UK
  78. ^ "Edward Stott at Novus Art Studio
  79. ^ "Stott, Edward", Post-Impressionism, Royal Academy of Art, London (1979-80), pp. 213-14]
  80. ^ "Evesham Journal". Newsquest (Midlands South) Ltd. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  81. ^ "Evesham Observer". Bullivant Media Ltd. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  82. ^ "Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Full Freeview on the Lark Stoke (Gloucestershire, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  84. ^ "Evesham Leisure Centre". Wychavon Leisure Community Association Ltd. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  85. ^ "Evesham Pétanque Club". Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  86. ^ "Evesham & District Wheelers – Founded 1947". Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  87. ^ "Evesham Vale Running Club". Evesham Vale Running Club. Retrieved 7 March 2014.[dead link‍]
  88. ^ "Evesham Library". Worcestershire County Council. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  89. ^ "The Almonry Museum". Evesham Town Council. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  90. ^ "Minor Injuries Units". NHS Worcester Health and Care. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  91. ^ "Ambulance lands a new base - on the M5". Birmingham Evening Mail. Trinity Mirror Midlands Limited. 6 May 1998.
  92. ^ Mennell, Philip (1892). "Agg, Alfred John" . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co. p. 5 – via Wikisource.
  93. ^ "Cricket Archive". Cricket Archive. 31 March 1935. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  94. ^ Moakes, Liam (5 December 2018). "Rob Austin loses BTCC place as team withdraws". Evesham Observer. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  95. ^ "Molly Badham - Obituaries, News". The Independent. 26 October 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  96. ^ Williams, Richard (29 January 2005). "Obituary Jim Capaldi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  97. ^ "Muzio Clementi". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  98. ^ "Sir Henry Fowler". Steamindex.com. 6 January 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  99. ^ "Rio Olympics 2016: Great Britain win gold in men's four". 12 August 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  100. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1999). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock (First ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 195/6. ISBN 0-7535-0257-7.
  101. ^ Attwood, Tony (23 December 2014). "Harry King – our greatest hat trick scorer of them all". Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  102. ^ "Robert Lanchbury". Cricinfo.com. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  103. ^ "Alistair McGowan". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  104. ^ "Edmund Hort New". Archived from the original on 8 October 2011.
  105. ^ "Andy Preece Profile and Career". FastScore.com. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  106. ^ "PJ Proby In £50k Fraud Inquiry". Daily Record. 18 February 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  107. ^ "Edward Righton". Cricinfo.com. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  108. ^ On the burial of Simon de Montfort see George May, The History of Evesham (1834), p.65; E.J. Rudge, A Short History of Evesham, p.141; William Tindal, History and Antiquities of Evesham, p.137; Evesham Abbey and the Parish Churches: A Guide, p.8.
  109. ^ "C.H. Waddington". Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  110. ^ Pollard, Albert (1899). "Watson, John (1520-1584)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 60. p. 13-14.
  111. ^ Visitation of Worcester 1682–83, A Transcript of the Parish Registers of Bengeworth and Bretforton by the Reverend W.H. Shawcross (Pedigrees)
  112. ^ "Guy Whittingham's Biography - UpThePosh! The Peterborough United Database". Uptheposh.com. 10 November 1964. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  113. ^ England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995; page 685 for 1954. via Ancestry.
  114. ^ "Life in Evesham". Evesham Town Council. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evesham.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Evesham.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evesham&oldid=1251963857"