Urbanus (butterfly)
| Urbanus | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| Long-tailed skipper (Urbanus proteus) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Subfamily: | Eudaminae |
| Genus: | Urbanus Hübner, [1807] |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Urbanus is a genus of skipper butterflies erected by Jacob Hübner in 1807, placed to subtribe Eudamina.[1] Species of the genus are found from the southern United States to South America.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus has been subject to several revisions, one of which led to the type genus of subfamily Eudaminae, genus Eudamus, becoming a junior synonym of Urbanus. As a result of genome analysis of the Eudaminae, several species formerly considered part of Urbanus have been transferred to other genera, including to Cecropterus[1] and Spicauda.[1] Subsequently, Urbanus alva has been proposed as being distinct with the statement "Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 is a valid species and not a synonym of Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935), new status." (See Zhang et al. 2019) [3]
Species
[edit].jpg)
_underside.jpg)
Except where separately referenced, this species list follows the classification of Li et al. 2019,[1] with distribution data sourced from Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms.[2]
Subgenus Urbanoides
[edit]- Urbanus elmina Evans, 1952 – Ecuador
- Urbanus esma Evans, 1952 – Brazil
- Urbanus esmeraldus (A. Butler, 1877) – Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras to Brazil, Colombia
- Urbanus esta Evans, 1952 – Mexican coasts to Ecuador and Brazil[4]
- Urbanus evona Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Guatemala
- Urbanus prodicus E. Bell, 1956 – Mexico
- Urbanus viridis H. Freeman, 1970 – Mexico
Subgenus Urbanus
[edit]- Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 – Mexico
- Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935) – Mexico [?] to Bolivia, Argentina
- Urbanus bernikerni Burns, 2014
- Urbanus dubius Steinhauser, 1981 – Colombia
- Urbanus ehakernae Burns, 2014
- Urbanus huancavillcas (R. Williams, 1926) – Ecuador
- Urbanus longicaudus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
- Urbanus magnus Steinhauser, 1981 – Ecuador
- Urbanus megalurus (Mabille, 1877)
- Urbanus oplerorum
- Urbanus parvus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
- Urbanus pronta Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Honduras
- Urbanus pronus Evans, 1952 – Central America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay; Mexico[5]
- Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – southern US, Mexico, Central & South America
- Urbanus proteus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Mexico
- Urbanus proteus domingo (Scudder, 1872) – Saba to Grenada, Haiti
- Urbanus rickardi
- Urbanus segnestami Burns, 2014
- Urbanus tucuti (R. Williams, 1927)
- Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1881) – Brazil, Guyana
- Urbanus villus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
- Urbanus viterboana (Ehrmann, 1907) – Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador.
Former species
[edit]Transferred to Cecropterus:
- Urbanus dorantes (Stoll, 1790)
- Urbanus obscurus (Hewitson, 1867)
- Urbanus evenus (Ménétriés, 1855)
- Urbanus virescens (Mabille, 1877)
- Urbanus trebia (Möschler, 1879)
- Urbanus carmelita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
- Urbanus reductus (N. Riley, 1919)
- Urbanus doryssus (Swainson, 1831)
- Urbanus albimargo (Mabille, 1875)
Transferred to Spicauda:
- Urbanus teleus (Hübner, 1821)
- Urbanus tanna Evans, 1952
- Urbanus ambiguus de Jong, 1983
- Urbanus cindra Evans, 1952
- Urbanus zagorus (Plötz, 1881)
- Urbanus simplicius (Stoll, 1790)
- Urbanus procne (Plötz, 1881)
Transferred to Telegonus
- Urbanus chalco (Hübner, 1823)
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c d Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (March 27, 2019). "Urbanus Hübner, [1807]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Opler, Paul A.; Grishin, Nick V. (Nov 2019). "Changes to North American butterfly names". Taxon Rep Int Lepid Surv. 8 (2): 1–12. PMC 8570546. PMID 34746798.
- ^ "Urbanus esta thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Urbanus pronus thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
External links
[edit]- "Taxonomy Browser: Urbanus". Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Retrieved April 26, 2020.