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History

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The area of the Old Ochota, was originally settled as a southern expansion of the village of Wielka Wola. The oldest known records about the area date to 1238.[1]

In 1770, to the east of the settlement were erected fortifications, known as the Lubomirski Ramparts, which surrounded the city. They were eventually deconstructed around 1875.[2][3] Across the lines were set up tollhouses as the only entrances to the city, including one in the area.[4]

In 1774, there was founded Nowa Jerozolima (lit. from Polish: New Jerusalem), a Jewish neighbourhood of thr town of Bożydar-Kałęczyn, then owned by August Kazimierz Sułkowski. It wad placed allongside modern Jerusalem Avenue, between Artur Zawisza Square and the Kaliska Street. The neighbourhood existed in violation of the law which forbid Jewish people, from living in Old Warsaw and in a 2 mile (3.2 km) radius from it.[5][6] As such the city hall of Old Warsaw sued Sułkowski, demanding the neighbourhood be disbanded. Despite protests of the local population, the it had been destroyed on 23 January 1776, with its inhabitants displaced, their trading goods confiscated, and the houses torn down.[7]

The main communication routes of the area begun developing in the 18th century. In 1788 there was constructed the Royal Route (now Nowowiejska and Niemcewicza Streets) in 1788, and in 1817, were built the Kraków Route (now Grójecka Street) and New Jerusalem Road (now Jerusalem Avenue). The presence of the important routes have contributed to the fast development of the settlement.[1][8]

In 1818, at the entrance to Warsaw via Royal Route, were constructed Jerusalem Tollhouses.[8] In 1923 around them was developed the Artur Zawisza Square, placed at the intersection of modern Jerusalem Avenue and Towarowa Street.[9] During the November Uprising, the square was a sight of a skirmish fought on 7 September 1831, between the insurgents and the Russian forcess led general Ivan Paskevich. After the fall of the uprising, it became a location for executions of the former insurgents.[8] One of them was Artur Zawisza, who in 1929 became its namesake.[10]

In 1835, near the Kraków Route (now in the area of Kaliska Street) was opened the Ochota tavern, which would later became the namesake of the settlement, and eventually the city district.[1][11]

Between 1840 and 1848, there were constructed tracks of the Warsaw–Vienna Railway, which separated Ochota from Wielka Wola, and led to its development as an independent entity.[1]

In 1867, Ochota became part of the municipality of Czyste. By the end of 19th century, due to rapid expansion in the area, together with neighbouring Czyste, Koło, and Wola, it formed a densly-urbanised suburban agglomeration.[12] On 29 June 1910, status of Ochota was elevated from a village to a municipal settlement (unincorporated neighbourhood).[13] It was incorporated into the city of Warsaw on 1 April 1916.[14]

In 1923, on the axis of Grójecka Street was constructed the Narutowicz Square, which forms an intersection with Barska, Filtrowa, Grójecka, Słupecka, Supińskiego, and Uniwersytecka Streets.[15] Near it, between 1911 and 1938 was constructed the Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located at 38 Grójecka Street.[16] Beginning in 1924, throughout 1920s and 1930s was constructed the neighbourhood of Lubecki Colony. It consists of neoclassical and modernist tenements, and is placed between Filtrowa, Krzywickiego, Wawelska, Grójecka, and Narutowicz Square.[17]

On 11 December 1927 was opened a line of the Electric Commuter Railways, which used the city tramway system. In Ochota there were opened the following stations:

  • Warszawa Grójecka at the intersection of Grójecka and Niemcewicza Streets;
  • Warszawa Plac Zawiszy at the intersection of Koszykowa and Radzyńska Streets;
  • Warszawa Opaczewska at the intersection of Opaczewska and Szczęśliwicka Streets;
  • Warszawa Szczęśliwicka at the intersection of Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 roku Street and Szczęśliwicka Street;
  • Warszawa Tarczyńska at the intersection of Daleka and Tarczyńska Streets;
  • and Warszawa Zachodnia EKD (later Warszawa Zachodnia WKD) at the intersection of Kopińska and Szczęśliwicka Streets.[18][19]

On 29 May 1932, at 15 Wawelska Street was opened the Radium Institute (now known as Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology), a radiation reaserch facility and oncological hospital. It was founded from the request and initiative of Maria Skłodowska-Curie, who donated a gram of radium for its operations.[20] At the same time nearby was opened a garden square, which now forms the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Park.[21][22]

In 1936, near the current intersection of Jerusalem Avenue and Prymasa Tysiąclecia Aveniue, was opened the Warsaw West railway station, operated by the Polish State Railways.[23]

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Throughout 1950s and 1960s, in the area begun were constructed highrise residential neighbourhood of large panel system buildings. This included Ochota I, built between 1951 and 1960, and Grójecka, built between 1956 and 1959. The prior is located between Kopińska, Grójecka, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 roku, and Szczęśliwicka Streets, and the latter, to Wawelska, Pasteura, Banacha, and Grójecka Streets.[24][6] Between 1962 and 1967, there was also constructed neighbourhood of Aleje Jerozolimskie-Zachód. It consists of highrise buildings ranging from 4 to 13 storeys, and placed allongside south side of Jerusalem Avenue, between Artur Zawisza Square and Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 roku Street.[6] It was designed to house between 5,500 and 6,500 people.[25]

In 1951, Electric Commuter Railways were transformed into the Warsaw Commuter Railways. A portion of the stations located in Ochota were closed down in 1963, and the rest, on 31 December 1974.[18][19] Warszawa Zachodnia WKD was moved, to one of the platforms of the Warsaw West Station, where it operates to the present day.[26]



In 2020, at the intersection of Jerusalem Avenue and Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 roku Street was opened the Five Sisters Park.[27] On 14 March 2021, at 3 Towarowa Street was opened the Warsaw Main railway station.[28]

  1. ^ a b c d "Historia". ochota.um.warszawa.pl (in Polish).
  2. ^ Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 569. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)
  3. ^ Andrzej Karpiński: "Biedota miejska wobec klęsk żywiołowych", Rocznik Warszawski XVI. Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1981, p. 90. ISBN 83-06-00441-8. (in Polish)
  4. ^ Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 732. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)
  5. ^ Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, 1994, p. 548. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (In Polish).
  6. ^ a b c Lech Chmielewski: Przewodnik warszawski. Gawęda o nowej Warszawie. Warsaw: Agencja Omnipress i Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnicze Rzeczpospolita, 1987, p. 89–93, 188. ISBN 83-85028-56-0. (in Polish)
  7. ^ Jarosław Zieliński. Z dziejów Ochoty. Plac Zawiszy. In: Ochotnik, issue 30, p. 5, 2007. (In Polish).
  8. ^ a b c Eugeniusz Szwankowski: Ulice i place Warszawy. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1970, p. 262–263. (in Polish)
  9. ^ Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 1010. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)
  10. ^ Kwiryna Handke: Słownik nazewnictwa Warszawy. Warsaw: Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydawniczy, 1998, p. 376. ISBN 83-86619-97X. (in Polish)
  11. ^ Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 560. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)
  12. ^ Anna Żarnowska: Robotnicy Warszawy na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1985. ISBN 9788306011388. (in Polish)
  13. ^ Andrzej Gawryszewski: Ludność Warszawy w XX wieku. Warsaw: PAN IG i PZ, 2009, p. 28. ISBN 9788361590965 (in Polish)
  14. ^ Andrzej Gawryszewski: Ludność Warszawy w XX wieku. Warsaw: PAN IG i PZ, 2009, p. 32. ISBN 9788361590965 (in Polish)
  15. ^ Jarosław Zieliński: Atlas dawnej architektury ulic i placów Warszawy. Tom 4. Gabarina-Humańska. Warsaw: Biblioteka Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami, 1997, pm 174. ISBN 83909794-5-4. (in Polish)
  16. ^ Eugeniusz Szwankowski: Ulice i place Warszawy Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1970, p. 134. (in Polish)
  17. ^ Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Atlas architektury Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1977, p. 84. (in Polish)
  18. ^ a b Ryszard Stankiewicz, Marcin Stiasny: Mały Atlas Linii Kolejowych Polski 2011. Rybnik: Eurosprinter, 2011, p. R7. ISBN 978-83-931006-3-7. (in Polish)
  19. ^ a b "Historia EKD/WKD". wkd.com.pl (in Polish).
  20. ^ "Polską onkologię zapoczątkował Instytut Radowy" (in Polish). 28 May 2022. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |wesite= ignored (help)
  21. ^ "Park im. Skłodowskiej-Curie". ochota.um.warszawa.pl (in Polish).
  22. ^ Tomasz Urzykowski (10 January 2024). "Metamorfoza parku na Ochocie. Duże zmiany przy Instytucie Radowym". warszawa.wyborcza.pl (in Polish).
  23. ^ "Stacja Warszawa Zachodnia – kilka faktów, kilka dat…". stolicadobrychrelachi.pl (in Polish).
  24. ^ Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Atlas architektury Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1977, p. 65, 175. (in Polish)
  25. ^ Barbara Opławska: Warszawskie osiedla ZOR Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1968, p. 55–56, 152. (in Polish)
  26. ^ "Warszawa Zachodnia WKD". atlaskolejowy.net (in Polish).
  27. ^ "Nowy park w Warszawie. 'Po wielu trudach, perypetiach i kryzysach, dziś jest ten dzień'". tvn24.pl (in Polish). 21 October 2020.
  28. ^ "Po 24 latach Warszawa Główna znów otwarta. Inauguracyjny przyjazd pociągu ŁKA". nakolei.pl (in Polish). 14 March 2021.
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