Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963
| Eurovision Song Contest 1963 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participating broadcaster | Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT) | |||
| Country |  Belgium | |||
| National selection | ||||
| Selection process | Canzonissima[1] | |||
| Selection date(s) | 16 February 1963 | |||
| Selected artist(s) | Jacques Raymond | |||
| Selected song | "Waarom?" | |||
| Selected songwriter(s) |
| |||
| Finals performance | ||||
| Final result | 10th, 4 points | |||
| Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest | ||||
| ||||
Belgium was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963 with the song "Waarom?", composed by Hans Flower, with lyrics by Wim Brabants, and performed by Jacques Raymond. The Belgian participating broadcaster, Flemish Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT), selected its entry through a national final. Raymond had previously finished second in the 1961 national final, and would later represent the country in a duet with Lily Castel in 1971.
Before Eurovision
[edit]Canzonissima
[edit]Canzonissima was the national final format developed by Flemish broadcaster Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT) which determined the song that would represent Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963. The competition consisted of nine semi-finals held between October 1962 and February 1963, and a final on 16 February 1963. All shows were held in the Amerikaans Theater in Brussels, and hosted by Denise Maes, and Bob Boon.[2]
Format
[edit]Canzonissima 1963 consisted of nine semi-finals and a final, and to qualify for the final, a song would have to reach the top 3 in three consecutive semi-finals. Almost every semi-final had 12 songs and the top 3 would qualify to the next semi-final, while the other 9 spots would be filled by new songs.[2]
Competing Entries
[edit]BRT invited 12 artists to participate in Canzonissima 1963. The composer(s) of a song got to pick which of the 12 artists would perform their song (although BRT would not always assign that artist to that song), which would cause some artists to appear multiple times in a semi-final and others to not appear at all. The songs in the final were performed twice, so the juries could judge the compositions rather than the singer's abilities. A total of 88 songs competed in Canzonissima 1963, but since the six songs in the final were performed twice, there were 94 entries.[2]
| Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Anita Berry | "Con amore" | Marius Mario, Huby Hermans |
| "Er speelt een orgel" | Al van Dam, Ernie Sons | |
| "Luister naar de wind" | André Poppe, Lia Cliquet-De Vos | |
| "Saksisch porselein" | Pol Dorlois | |
| "Zo mooi" | Pol Dorlois | |
| Bob Benny | "Dans een polka" | Frankie Woods, A. Vetsy |
| "Estramadura" | Ivonne Lex, P. Vanondzeil | |
| "Kleine blauwe zwaluw" | Wim Brabants, Armand Preud'homme | |
| "Mia bella Marinella" | Fer Roes | |
| "Morgen is 't weer vakantietijd" | Jacques Raymond, Ronny Clarck | |
| "Twee harten" | Henri Wolfaert | |
| "Van hart tot hart" | Al Simen | |
| Chris Ellis | "Geen eigenwijze nozem" | Hektor van den Eede, Leon van Ingelgem |
| "In de lente van mijn leven" | André Frère | |
| "In Shangai" | Ernie Frank, Noel Lambré | |
| "Paris" | Ke Riema, Roger Snoeck | |
| "Toen... werd ik verliefd" | Charlie Knegtel, Louis Baret, Louis van Rymenant | |
| "Veel mooier" | M. Denil, Jean Marryn | |
| Enny Denita | "De eerste melodie" | Frans Buermans, Nelly D'Hondt |
| "Heimwee naar mijn dorpje" | Maurits Willems, Marcel Hellemans, Armand Beliën | |
| "Laat ons dromen" | Leo Dax | |
| "Leugens" | Aimé Demuydt, Marcel Hellemans | |
| "Mijn droom is voorbij" | Frans Buermans, Omer de Cock | |
| "Song festival" | Dave Baker, Marcel Hellemans | |
| "Verlangen" | Henk van Montfoort, Marcel Hellemans | |
| "Wanneer de rozen bloeien" | Wim Brabants, Hans Flower | |
| Freddy Sunder | "De lente in mijn hart" | Frankie Woods, Claude Moreaux |
| "Dingen waarvan ik veel hou" | Marcel van der Linden | |
| "Namanouito" | Ke Riema, Roger Snoeck | |
| "O wist je" | L. Logie | |
| "Ontrouw" | François Vermetten, Freddy Sunder | |
| Jacques Raymond | "De oude berkenboom" | Emiel van Hove, Guido van Hove |
| "Denk steeds aan mij" | Alice Toen, Albert Muyldermans | |
| "Het beloofde land" | Phil van Cauwenbergh, Paul Quintens | |
| "Het geluk" | André van Steyvoort, Lieve van Steyvoort | |
| "Illusie" | Jacques Raymond, Ronny Clarck | |
| "Fata morgana" | Ernie Sons, Louis van Rymenant, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Langs de blauwe wegen" | Valeer van Kerckhoven, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Romantiek" | Val Dewaert | |
| "Voorbij" | Henk van Montfoort, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Waarom?" | Wim Brabants, Hans Flower | |
| Jean Walter | "Als je lacht... (ben je veel mooier)" | Leonard van Dijck, Jef van den Berg |
| "Belinda" | Louis Baret, Al van Dam, Jean Walter | |
| "Blauw, blauw" | Frankie Woods, A. Vetsy | |
| "De gouden wals" | Wim Brabants, Paul Bouveroux | |
| "Erna" | Roger Snoeck, Hans Flower, Co Flower | |
| "Hello aardig meisje" | Wilfried de Puydt | |
| "Op mijn schildersatelier" | Jef van den Berg | |
| "Snel gaat de tijd" | Jean Walter, Willy Albimoor, Ke Riema | |
| "Stof en as" | Frans Buermans, Hans Flower | |
| Jo Leemans | "'k Ben zo gelukkig" | Henk van Montfoort, Jef van den Berg |
| "Een lied" | Phil van Cauwenbergh, Paul Quintens | |
| "Er zweeft een engel" | Willy Hartman, Will Ferdy, Frank Coene | |
| "Kleurensymfonie" | Anton Peters, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Levensdroom" | Jacques Raymond | |
| "Mambo op het strand" | Jo Deensen, Freddy Bruce, Dave Baker | |
| "Meer dan eens" | Val Dewaert | |
| "Zo mooi" | Pol Dorlois | |
| John de Mol | "Waarom?" | Wim Brabants, Hans Flower |
| Lieve Olga | "Con amore" | Marius Mario, Huby Hermans |
| "Ik hou van Antwerpen" | Willy Lauwens | |
| "Vierentwintig uren" | Franz van den Bosch, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Zij aan zij" | André van Steyvoort, Nelly Byl | |
| Lize Marke | "3 x 3 = 9" | Valeer van Kerckhoven, Jef van den Berg |
| "Alleen maar 'liedjes zingen'" | Gust van Gool, Armand Beliën | |
| "Het houten brugje" | Bert van Houtem, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Luister naar de wind" | André Poppe, Lia Cliquet-De Vos | |
| "Mijn engel" | Jozef Bergers, Val Dewaert | |
| "Saksisch porselein" | Pol Dorlois | |
| "Troubadour" | Pol Dorlois | |
| Rina Pia | "Antonio" | Louis Baret, Al van Dam |
| "Dat is hij" | Henk van Montfoort, Marcel Denies | |
| "Dromen" | Ernie Sons, Al van Dam | |
| "Er speelt een orgel" | Al van Dam, Ernie Sons | |
| "Het sprookje" | Ernie Sons, Al van Dam | |
| "Mijn kleine gouden ster" | Jacques Raymond, Ronny Clarck | |
| "'t Was met mimosa" | Louis Baret, Al van Dam | |
| "Zeg mij dat mijn hart" | Louis Baret, Al van Dam | |
| Staf Wesenbeek | "Als jij maar bij me bent" | Ke Riema, Ben Brand |
| "Blij refrein" | Bert Champagne, Willy Claes | |
| "Dat klein gebaar" | André van Steyvoort, Lieve van Steyvoort | |
| "Dromen aan 't kanaal" | Franz van den Bosch, Jef van den Berg | |
| "Heimwee naar jou" | Jacques Raymond, Ronny Clarck | |
| "Kom, zeg me eens" | Val Dewaert, Kestens-Dewaert | |
| "Nooit meer" | Ernie Frank, Noel Lambré | |
| "Slechts jij alleen" | Phil van Cauwenbergh, Paul Quintens | |
| "Zonder jou" | Louis Baret, Henk van Montfoort, Marcel Denies | |
| Will Ferdy | "Dag lieve juffrouw lente" | Lode Verbeeck, Armand Preud'homme |
| "'k Had het willen zien" | Louis Baret, Hans Flower | |
| "Het straatje" | Henri Cordon | |
| "Kleine jongen" | Paul Bouveroux, Bert van Houtem | |
| "Lente" | Louis Verbeeck, Will Ferdy, Frank Coene | |
| "Ode aan de zon" | Henk van Montfoort, Marcel Denies | |
| "Toen" | Ke Riema, J. Marinto |
Shows
[edit]Semi-Finals
[edit]Voting in the semi-finals was done by an applause meter and a 5-member jury panel. The applause meter gave out 1 to 50 points depending on how loud the applause from the audience was, but since it only counted noise, boos were also counted by the applause meter. The 5-member jury panel consisted of Pieter Leemans, Jef Claessen, Frank Engelen, Gaston Nuyts, and Gerd Mertens, who would each give out 1 to 10 points to every song.[2]
Since songs introduced in semi-finals 8 or 9 could not get top 3 in 3 semi-finals and qualify to the final, the rules to qualify for the final were different for semi-final 9. Songs had to reach the average number of points that every song that qualified to the final got in their last semi-final to be able to qualify for the final.[2]
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jo Leemans | "Mambo op het strand" | 19 | 23 | 42 | 9= |
| 2 | Staf Wesenbeek | "Dromen aan 't kanaal" | 34 | 39 | 73 | 2 |
| 3 | Lieve Olga | "Vierentwintig uren" | 16 | 26 | 42 | 9= |
| 4 | Jacques Raymond | "Het beloofde land" | 25 | 23 | 48 | 7 |
| 5 | Lize Marke | "Saksisch porselein" | 27 | 45 | 72 | 3 |
| 6 | Freddy Sunder | "Dingen waarvan ik veel hou" | 15 | 29 | 44 | 8 |
| 7 | Will Ferdy | "Dag lieve juffrouw lente" | 21 | 39 | 60 | 5 |
| 8 | Rina Pia | "'t Was met mimosa" | 13 | 26 | 39 | 12 |
| 9 | Bob Benny | "Kleine blauwe zwaluw" | 50 | 36 | 86 | 1 |
| 10 | Chris Ellis | "Paris" | 29 | 39 | 68 | 4 |
| 11 | Jean Walter | "Als je lacht... (ben je veel mooier)" | 15 | 42 | 57 | 6 |
| 12 | Enny Denita | "Laat ons dromen" | 19 | 23 | 42 | 9= |
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bob Benny | "Mia bella Marinella" | 38 | 33 | 71 | 5 |
| 2 | Enny Denita | "De eerste melodie" | 32 | 25 | 57 | 9= |
| 3 | Staf Wesenbeek | "Dromen aan 't kanaal" | 32 | 31 | 63 | 8 |
| 4 | Lize Marke | "Het houten brugje" | 45 | 29 | 74 | 3 |
| 5 | Jean Walter | "Op mijn schildersatelier" | 25 | 22 | 47 | 12 |
| 6 | Rina Pia | "Dat is hij | 36 | 19 | 55 | 11 |
| 7 | Jacques Raymond | "Voorbij" | 32 | 32 | 64 | 7 |
| 8 | Lize Marke | "Saksisch porselein" | 45 | 41 | 86 | 1 |
| 9 | Staf Wesenbeek | "Dat klein gebaar" | 31 | 26 | 57 | 9= |
| 10 | Bob Benny | "Kleine blauwe zwaluw" | 41 | 31 | 72 | 4 |
| 11 | Jo Leemans | "'k Ben zo gelukkig" | 43 | 26 | 69 | 6 |
| 12 | Will Ferdy | "Ode aan de zon" | 43 | 33 | 76 | 2 |
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Will Ferdy | "Kleine jongen" | 33 | 25 | 58 | 10 |
| 2 | Lize Marke | "Het houten brugje" | 45 | 30 | 75 | 4 |
| 3 | Jean Walter | "De gouden wals" | 31 | 29 | 60 | 9 |
| 4 | Jo Leemans | "Levensdroom" | 41 | 20 | 61 | 8 |
| 5 | Freddy Sunder | "Namanouito" | 38 | 19 | 57 | 11 |
| 6 | Lieve Olga | "Ik hou van Antwerpen" | 34 | 18 | 52 | 12 |
| 8 | Rina Pia | "Er speelt een orgel" | 46 | 38 | 84 | 2 |
| 9 | Staf Wesenbeek | "Zonder jou" | 50 | 22 | 72 | 6= |
| 10 | Lize Marke | "Saksisch porselein" | 50 | 41 | 91 | 1 |
| 11 | Jacques Raymond | "Langs de blauwe wegen" | 43 | 31 | 74 | 5 |
| 12 | Chris Ellis | "Toen... werd ik verliefd | 50 | 22 | 72 | 6= |
After semi-final 3, "Ode aan de zon" was disqualified as it was released by the composer Henk van Montfoort. Because of this, the 4th places of semi-final 2 and semi-final 3 were added to semi-final 4, causing it to have 14 songs instead of 12.
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacques Raymond | "Illusie" | 34 | 30 | 64 | 9= |
| 2 | Chris Ellis | "In Shangai" | 38 | 17 | 55 | 13= |
| 3 | Staf Wesenbeek | "Nooit meer" | 36 | 19 | 55 | 13= |
| 4 | Rina Pia | "Er speelt een orgel" | 44 | 36 | 80 | 1 |
| 5 | Bob Benny | "Van hart tot hart" | 37 | 32 | 69 | 6 |
| 6 | Lize Marke | "Het houten brugje" | 36 | 30 | 66 | 7 |
| 7 | Jacques Raymond | "Het geluk" | 42 | 23 | 65 | 8 |
| 9 | Lieve Olga | "Zij aan zij" | 44 | 20 | 64 | 9= |
| 10 | Freddy Sunder | "O wist je" | 44 | 26 | 70 | 5 |
| 11 | Jo Leemans | "Zo mooi" | 41 | 30 | 71 | 4 |
| 12 | Jean Walter | "Hello aardig meisje" | 32 | 25 | 57 | 12 |
| 13 | Enny Denita | "Mijn droom is voorbij" | 40 | 35 | 75 | 3 |
| 14 | Staf Wesenbeek | "Als jij maar bij me bent" | 35 | 25 | 60 | 11 |
After semi-final 4, "Kleine blauwe zwaluw" was disqualified as Bob Benny released it. Instead, "Zo mooi" by Jo Leemans qualified for the next semi-final.
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rina Pia | "Antonio" | 35 | 21 | 56 | 9 |
| 2 | Lize Marke | "Alleen maar 'liedjes zingen'" | 37 | 26 | 63 | 4 |
| 3 | Jean Walter | "Belinda" | 35 | 24 | 59 | 7 |
| 4 | Enny Denita | "Heimwee naar mijn dorpje" | 23 | 21 | 44 | 12 |
| 5 | Jo Leemans | "Een lied" | 30 | 28 | 58 | 8 |
| 6 | Will Ferdy | "'k Had het willen zien" | 25 | 36 | 61 | 5 |
| 7 | Rina Pia | "Er speelt een orgel" | 36 | 39 | 75 | 1 |
| 8 | Lieve Olga | "Con amore" | 42 | 24 | 66 | 3 |
| 9 | Bob Benny | "Morgen is 't weer vakantietijd" | 25 | 30 | 55 | 10= |
| 10 | Chris Ellis | "Geen eigenwijze nozem" | 28 | 27 | 55 | 10= |
| 11 | Enny Denita | "Mijn droom is voorbij" | 21 | 39 | 60 | 6 |
| 12 | Jo Leemans | "Zo mooi" | 37 | 35 | 72 | 2 |
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacques Raymond | "Fata morgana" | 25 | 18 | 43 | 10= |
| 2 | Chris Ellis | "In de lente van mijn leven" | 24 | 15 | 39 | 12 |
| 3 | Stef Wesenbeek | "Blij refrein" | 30 | 21 | 51 | 7 |
| 4 | Rina Pia | "Dromen" | 34 | 33 | 67 | 1 |
| 5 | Freddy Sunder | "De lente in mijn hart" | 26 | 20 | 46 | 9 |
| 6 | Jo Leemans | "Zo mooi" | 25 | 37 | 62 | 3= |
| 7 | Jean Walter | "Blauw, blauw" | 28 | 20 | 48 | 8 |
| 8 | Enny Denita | "Song festival" | 33 | 23 | 56 | 6 |
| 9 | Jacques Raymond | "De oude berkenboom" | 26 | 32 | 58 | 5 |
| 10 | Lieve Olga | "Con amore" | 42 | 22 | 66 | 2 |
| 11 | Stef Wesenbeek | "Slechts jij alleen" | 26 | 17 | 43 | 10= |
| 12 | Lize Marke | "3 x 3 = 9" | 37 | 25 | 62 | 3= |
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rina Pia | "Dromen" | 29 | 34 | 63 | 4 |
| 2 | Stef Wesenbeek | "Heimwee naar jou" | 23 | 24 | 47 | 9= |
| 3 | Lize Marke | "3 x 3 = 9" | 34 | 27 | 61 | 5 |
| 4 | Jacques Raymond | "Waarom?" | 34 | 32 | 66 | 2 |
| 5 | Enny Denita | "Leugens" | 27 | 26 | 53 | 6 |
| 6 | Jean Walter | "Stof en as" | 20 | 20 | 40 | 11 |
| 7 | Lieve Olga | "Con amore" | 39 | 25 | 64 | 3 |
| 8 | Jo Leemans | "Er zweeft een engel" | 24 | 27 | 51 | 8 |
| 9 | Bob Benny | "Twee harten" | 27 | 25 | 52 | 7 |
| 10 | Lize Marke | "Luister naar de wind" | 41 | 39 | 80 | 1 |
| 11 | Will Ferdy | "Het straatje" | 17 | 20 | 37 | 12 |
| 12 | Rina Pia | "Het sprookje" | 23 | 24 | 47 | 9= |
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacques Raymond | "Romantiek" | 28 | 21 | 49 | 7= |
| 2 | Enny Denita | "Verlangen" | 23 | 26 | 49 | 7= |
| 3 | Jean Walter | "Snel gaat de tijd" | 18 | 27 | 45 | 10 |
| 4 | Lize Marke | "Mijn engel" | 41 | 21 | 62 | 3 |
| 5 | Will Ferdy | "Lente" | 28 | 29 | 57 | 5 |
| 6 | Jo Leemans | "Meer dan eens" | 29 | 31 | 60 | 4 |
| 7 | Stef Wesenbeek | "Kom, zeg me eens" | 24 | 23 | 47 | 9 |
| 8 | Jacques Raymond | "Waarom?" | 31 | 34 | 65 | 2 |
| 9 | Lize Marke | "Luister naar de wind" | 50 | 40 | 90 | 1 |
| 10 | Bob Benny | "Dans een polka" | 34 | 21 | 55 | 6 |
| 11 | Rina Pia | "Mijn kleine gouden ster" | 22 | 22 | 44 | 11 |
| 12 | Freddy Sunder | "Ontrouw" | 21 | 18 | 39 | 12 |
| Draw | Artist | Song | Public | Jury | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chris Ellis | "Veel mooier" | 19 | 19 | 38 | 12 |
| 2 | Jacques Raymond | "Denk steeds aan mij" | 29 | 28 | 57 | 5 |
| 3 | Lize Marke | "Mijn engel" | 31 | 22 | 53 | 7 |
| 4 | Will Ferdy | "Toen" | 38 | 19 | 57 | 5 |
| 5 | Enny Denita | "Wanneer de rozen bloeien" | 16 | 24 | 40 | 11 |
| 6 | Jean Walter | "Erna" | 25 | 24 | 49 | 8 |
| 7 | Lize Marke | "Troubadour" | 31 | 28 | 59 | 4 |
| 8 | Rina Pia | "Zeg mij dat mijn hart" | 22 | 23 | 45 | 10 |
| 9 | Jacques Raymond | "Waarom?" | 41 | 35 | 76 | 2 |
| 10 | Lize Marke | "Luister naar de wind" | 50 | 39 | 89 | 1 |
| 11 | Bob Benny | "Estramadura" | 35 | 27 | 62 | 3 |
| 12 | Jo Leemans | "Kleurensymfonie" | 16 | 32 | 48 | 9 |
To qualify from the ninth semi-final, songs had to receive at least 73 points, the average number of points that every previous song that qualified to the final got in their last semi-final.
Final
[edit]The final was held on 16 February at the Amerikaans Theater in Brussels, hosted by Denise Maes and Bob Boon.[3][4] The winner was chosen by two separate juries. The first jury consisted of 20 professionals, while the second jury consisted of 20 people who were mostly winners of De Muziek Kampioen, a Flemish music quiz show. At the start of the show, the hosts explained that the competition was exclusively to select the song that would represent Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963, and not the artist. However, Jacques Raymond was selected as the performer of "Waarom?" at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963 anyway. Each song was sung twice by two different artists; songs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 were performed by Anita Berry, and song 5 was performed by John De Mol, then every song was performed by the singer who performed it in the semi-finals.[2]
| Draw | Artist | Song | Jury 1 | Jury 2 | Total | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anita Berry | "Saksisch porselein" | 124 | 123 | 247 | 4 |
| Lize Marke | ||||||
| 2 | Anita Berry | "Er speelt een orgel" | 127 | 147 | 274 | 3 |
| Rina Pia | ||||||
| 3 | Anita Berry | "Zo mooi" | 114 | 127 | 241 | 5 |
| Jo Leemans | ||||||
| 4 | Anita Berry | "Con amore" | 60 | 126 | 186 | 6 |
| Lieve Olga | ||||||
| 5 | John De Mol | "Waarom?" | 114 | 178 | 292 | 1 |
| Jacques Raymond | ||||||
| 6 | Anita Berry | "Luister naar de wind" | 169 | 120 | 289 | 2 |
| Lize Marke |
At Eurovision
[edit]On the night of the final Raymond performed 14th in the running order, following Sweden and preceding Monaco. Voting was by each national jury awarding 5-4-3-2-1 to their top 5 songs, and at the close of the voting "Waarom?" had received 4 points (all from Austria), placing Belgium 10th of the 16 competing entries. The Belgian jury awarded its 5 points to contest winners Denmark.[5]
Voting
[edit]
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References
[edit]- ^ "Canzonnissima 1963 - Belgian Eurovision national final FULL". YouTube.
- ^ a b c d e f Vermeulen, André (2021). Van Canzonissima tot Eurosong. 65 jaar Belgische preselecties voor het Eurovisiesongfestival. Leuven: Kritak. ISBN 978-94-014-7609-6. OCLC 1240241113.
- ^ "Canzonnissima 1963 - Belgian Eurovision national final FULL". YouTube.
- ^ "Canzonissima 1963".
- ^ ESC History - Belgium 1963
- ^ a b "Results of the Final of London 1963". Eurovision Song Contest. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.