Welsh exonyms
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The modern Welsh language contains names for many towns and other geographical features in Great Britain and elsewhere. Names for places outside of Welsh-speaking regions are exonyms, not including spelling or pronunciation adaptations and translations of common nouns.
Names not in italics[clarification needed] are dated or obsolete.
Argentina
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English name | Welsh name | Spanish name | Notes |
Arroyo Pescado | Nant y Pysgod | Arroyo Pescado | |
Cajón de Ginebra | Bocs Gin | Cajón de Ginebra | |
Cerro Cóndor | Craig yr Eryr | Cerro Cóndor | |
Cerro Trono de las Nubes | Gorsedd y Cwmwl | Cerro Trono de las Nubes | |
Chico River | Afon Fach | Rio Chico | |
Chubut River | Afon Camwy | Rio Chubut | |
Colonia 16 de Octubre | Cwm Hyfryd, Bro Hydref | Colonia 16 de Octubre | |
Desvío km 22 | Tŵr Joseph | Desvío km 22 | |
Dolavon | Dol Afon | Dolavon | |
Estación Laguna Grande | Llyn Mawr | Estación Laguna Grande | |
Florentino Ameghino Dam | Yr Argae | Dique Florentino Ameghino | |
Fuerte Aventura | Caer Antur | Fuerte Aventura | |
Laguna de Aaron | Llyn Aaron | Laguna de Aaron | |
Laguna de Agnia | Llyn Ania | Laguna de Agnia | |
La Angostura | Lle Cul | La Angostura | |
Las Plumas | Dôl y Plu | Las Plumas | |
Loma Blanca | Bryn Gwyn | Loma Blanca | |
Paso de Indios | Rhyd yr Indiaid | Paso de Indios | |
Pampa de Agnia | Pant y Ffwdan | Pampa de Agnia | |
Puerto Madryn | Porth Madryn | Puerto Madryn | |
Rawson | Trerawson | Rawson | |
Río Corrintos | Aber Gyrants | Río Corrintos | |
Tecka | Hafn Lâs | Tecka | |
Trelew | Tre Lew(is) | Trelew | |
Trevelin | Tre Felin | Trevelin | |
Valle de los Mártires | Dyffryn y Merthyron | Valle de los Mártires | |
Valle Frío | Dyffryn Oer | Valle Frío | |
Valle 16 de octubre | Cwm Hyfryd/Bro Hydref | Valle 16 de octubre | |
Veintiocho de Julio | Tir Halen | Veintiocho de Julio |
Australia
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Tiriogaeth Prifddinas Awstralia | Australian Capital Territory | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kangaroo Island | Ynys Cangarŵ | Kangaroo Island Karta Pintingga |
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De Cymru Newydd | New South Wales | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Tiriogaeth y Gogledd | Northern Territory | |||||||||||||||||||||
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De Awstralia | South Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Gorllewin Awstralia | Western Australia |
Belgium
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English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Brussels | Brwsel | Bruxelles Brussel |
French Dutch |
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Fflandrys | Vlaanderen Flandres |
Dutch French |
Canada
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English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
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Columbia Brydeinig | British Columbia Columbie Britannique |
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Newfoundland | Tir Newydd | Newfoundland Terre-Neuve Ktaqmkuk |
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Tir Newydd a Labrador | Newfoundland and Labrador Terre-Neuve et Labrador |
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Yr Alban Newydd | Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse Alba Nuadh Nopa Sko'sia |
Czech Republic
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Moravia | Morafia | Morava | |
Prague | Prag | Praha |
France
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English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Alps | Alpau, Mynydd Mynnau | Alpes | French | [1] |
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Alsás | Alsace | French | [1] |
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Angyw, Aensio | Anjou | French | [1] |
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Acwitania | Aquitaine | French | [1] |
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Afarn | Auvergne | French | [1] |
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Llydaw | Breizh | Breton | [1] |
Bretagne | French | |||
Bertaèyn | Gallo | |||
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Bwrgwyn | Bourgogne | French | [1] |
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Siampaen | Champagne | French | [1] |
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Gasgwyn | Gascogne | French | [1] |
Gasconha | Gascon | |||
Gaskoinia | Basque | |||
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Hanawt | Hainaut | French | [1] |
Maine | Maen | Maine | French | [1] |
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Normandi, Norddmandi | Normandie | French | [1] |
Normaundie | Norman | |||
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Picardi | Picardie | French, Picard | [1] |
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Profens | Provence | French | [1] |
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Safwy | Savoie | French | [1] |
Strasbourg | Strasbwrg | Strasbourg | French | |
Straßburg | German |
Germany
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
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Bafaria | Bayern | Bavarian, German | |
Cologne | Cwlen | Kölle | Colognian | |
Köln | German | |||
Hamburg | Hambwrg | Hamburg |
Greece
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Aegean Sea | Môr Aegeaidd, Môr Egeaidd | Aigaio pelagos (Αιγαίο πέλαγος) | |
Athens | Athen | Athína (Αθήνα) | |
Cephalonia | Ceffalonia | Kefaloniá (Κεφαλονιά) | |
Crete | Creta | Kríti (Κρήτη) | |
Dodecanese | Y Deuddeng Ynys | Dodekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα) | |
Rhodes | Rhodos | Ródos (Ρόδος) | |
Thessaloniki | Thessaloníci | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) |
Israel/Palestine
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Galilee | Galilea | HaGalil (הגליל) | Hebrew | |
Jerusalem | Jeriwsalem, Caersalem | Yerushalayim (ירושלים) / al-Quds (القُدس) | Hebrew/Arabic |
Ireland
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Cork | Corc | Corcaigh | |
Dublin | Dulyn | Baile Átha Cliath | Welsh name derives from the older Irish name Duibhlinn. |
Derry | Dinas y Deri | Doire | |
Ulster | Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth | Ulaidh | |
Wexford | Llwch Garmon | Loch Garman |
Italy
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
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Fflorens | Firenze | Italian | [1] |
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Rhufain | Roma | Italian | [1] |
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Sisili | Sicilia | Italian, Sicilian | [1] |
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Twsgani, Tysgani | Toscana | Italian | [1] |
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Fenis | Venesia | Venetian | [1] |
Venezia | Italian | |||
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Dinas y Fatican | Civitatis Vaticanae | Latin | [1] |
Città del Vaticano | Italian |
Japan
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tokyo | Tocio | 東京 (Tōkyō) |
South Africa
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Cape Town | Tref y Penrhyn | Kaapstad, iKapa | Afrikaans, Xhosa | |
Cape of Good Hope | Penrhyn Gobaith Da | Kaap die Goeie Hoop | Afrikaans |
Spain
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
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Ynysoedd Balearaidd | Illes Balears, Islas Baleares | Catalan, Spanish | |
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Gwlad y Basg | Euskal Herria, País Vasco | Basque, Spanish | |
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Yr Ynysoedd Dedwydd, Ynysoedd y Cŵn | Islas Canarias | Spanish | |
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Catalwnia | Catalunya, Cataluña | Catalan, Spanish | |
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Galisia | Galicia Galiza |
Galician/Portuguese Portuguese |
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Cymuned Falensia | Valencia, València | Spanish, Catalan |
Turkey
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Constantinople | Caergystennin | قسطنطينيه (Ḳosṭanṭīnīye) Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoupolis) Constantinopolis |
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Istanbul | Istanbwl | İstanbul |
United Kingdom (excluding Wales) and Crown dependencies
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Archenfield | Ergyng | Archenfield | English | |
Ballingham | Llanbugnal | Ballingham | English | |
Bath | Caerfaddon | Bath | English | |
Belfast | Belffast | Béal Feirste | Irish | |
Birkenhead | Penbedw | Birkenhead | English | |
Bishop's Castle | Trefesgob | Bishop's Castle | English | |
Bridstow | Llansanffraid | Bridstow | English | |
Bristol | Bryste; Caerodor | Bristol | English | |
Cambridge | Caergrawnt | Cambridge | English | |
Cambridgeshire | Swydd Gaergrawnt | Cambridgeshire | English | |
Canterbury | Caergaint | Canterbury | English | |
Carlisle | Caerliwelydd | Carlisle | English | |
Catterick | Catraeth | Catterick | English | |
Channel Islands | Ynysoedd y Sianel | Îles Normandes | French | |
Cheltenham | Treffynnon [citation needed] | Cheltenham | English | |
Cheshire | Swydd Gaer | Cheshire | English | |
Chester | Caer(llion Fawr) | Chester | English | |
Chichester | Caerfuddai [2] | Chichester | English | |
Chirbury | Llanffynhonwen | Chirbury | English | |
Clyde | Clud | Cluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Clyde | English, Scots | |||
Colchester | Caercolyn | Colchester | English | |
Cornwall | Cernyw | Kernow | Cornish | |
Coventry | Cofentri, Cwyntry | Coventry | English | |
Crewe | Cryw, Criw | Crewe | English | |
Devon | Dyfnaint | Devon | English | |
Doncaster | Dinas y Garrai; Caerdaun | Doncaster | English | |
Dover | Dofr[3] | Dover | English | |
Dumfries | Caerferes | Dumfries | English | |
Dùn Phris | Scottish Gaelic | |||
Durham | Dyrham; Caerweir | Durham | English | |
East Midlands | Dwyrain Canolbarth Lloegr | East Midlands | English | |
Edinburgh | Caeredin; Dinas Eidyn | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
Edinburgh | English, Scots | |||
England | Lloegr | England | English | |
English Channel | Môr Udd | English Channel | English | |
La Manche | French | |||
Mor Bretannek | Cornish | |||
Exeter | Caerwysg | Exeter | English | |
Falmouth | Aberfal | Aberfala | Cornish | |
Firth of Forth | Moryd Gweryd, Aber Gweryd | Linne Foirthe | Scottish Gaelic | |
Forest of Dean | Cantref Coch | Forest of Dean | English | |
Foy | Llantiuoi | Foy | English | |
Forth river | Afon Gweryd[4] | Abhainn Dubh, Uisge For | Scottish Gaelic | |
Glastonbury | Ynys Gwydrin, Ynys Wydrin | Glastonbury | English | |
Gloucester | Caerloyw | Gloucester | English | |
Gloucestershire | Swydd Gaerloyw | Gloucestershire | English | |
Guernsey | Ynys y Garn | Guernèsi | Guernésiais | |
Hebrides | Ynysoedd Heledd | Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
Hentland | Henlland | Hentland | English | |
Hereford | Henffordd | Hereford | English | |
Herefordshire | Swydd Henffordd | Herefordshire | English | |
Humber | Hwmbr | Humber | English | |
Isle of Man | Ynys Manaw | Ellan Vannin | Manx | |
Isle of Skye | Yr Ynys Hir | Eilean Sgitheanach | Scottish Gaelic | |
Isle of Wight | Ynys Wyth | Isle of Wight | English | |
Kenderchurch | Llancrug | Kenderchurch | English | |
Kent | Caint | Kent | English | |
Kentchurch | Llancein | Kentchurch | English | |
Kilpeck | Llanddewi Cil Peddeg | Kilpeck | English | |
Kington | Ceintun | Kington | English | |
Lancashire | Swydd Gaerhirfryn | Lancashire | English | |
Lancaster | Caerhirfryn | Lancaster | English | |
Leicester | Caerlŷr | Leicester | English | |
Leicestershire | Swydd Gaerlŷr | Leicestershire | English | |
Leominster | Llanllieni | Leominster | English | |
Lichfield | Caerlwytgoed | Lichfield | English | |
Lincoln | Caerllyn, Llyncwlen | Lincoln | English | |
Liverpool | Lerpwl, Llynlleifiad | Liverpool | English | |
Loch Lomond | Llyn Llumonwy | Loch Laomainn | Scottish Gaelic | |
London | Llundain, Caerludd | London | English | |
Long Mynd | Cefn Hirfynydd | Long Mynd | English | |
Ludlow | Llwydlo | Ludlow | English | |
Lundy | Ynys Wair | Lundy | English | |
Manchester | Manceinion | Manchester | English | |
Greater Manchester | Manceinion Fwyaf | Manchester | English | |
Marstow | Llanmartin | Marstow | English | |
Mersey | Merswy | Mersey | English | |
Merseyside | Glannau Merswy | Merseyside | English | |
Michaelchurch | Llanmihangel | Michaelchurch | English | |
Much Dewchurch | Llandewi | Much Dewchurch | English | |
Much Wenlock | Gweunllwg | Much Wenlock | English | |
Nantwich | Yr Heledd Wen | Nantwich | English | |
Northwich | Yr Heledd Ddu | Northwich | English | |
Nottingham | Y Tŷ Ogofog | Nottingham | English | |
Orkney | Ynysoedd Erch | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Oswestry | Croesoswallt | Oswestry | English | |
Oxford | Rhydychen | Oxford | English | |
Oxfordshire | Swydd Rydychen | Oxfordshire | English | |
Pennines | Penwynion | Pennines | English | |
Penrith | Penrhudd | Penrith | English | |
Peterborough | Trebedr | Peterborough | English | |
Plymouth | Aberplym | Plymouth | English | |
Portsmouth | Llongborth | Portsmouth | English | |
Preston | Trefoffeiriaid | Preston | English | |
Ross-on-Wye | Rhosan-ar-Wy | Ross-on-Wye | English | |
St Weonards | Llansangwenardd | St Weonards | English | |
Salisbury | Caersallog; Caercaradog, Caergradwg | Salisbury | English | |
Sark | Sarc | Cerq, Sèr | French | |
Scotland | Yr Alban | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | |
Scotland | English, Scots | |||
Sellack | Llansulac | Sellack | English | |
Somerset | Gwlad-yr-haf | Somerset | English | |
Shrewsbury | Amwythig | Shrewsbury | English | |
Shropshire | Swydd Amwythig | Shropshire | English | |
St Albans | Caermincip | St Albans | English | |
The Stiperstones | Carneddau Teon | The Stiperstones | English | |
Stonehenge | Côr y Cewri | Stonehenge | English | |
Strathclyde | Ystrad Clud | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Thames | Tafwys | Thames | English | |
Trent | Trannon | Trent | English | |
Ulster | Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth | Ulaidh | Irish | |
Warwick | Warwig | Warwick | English | |
Warwickshire | Swydd Warwig | Warwickshire | English | |
Welsh Bicknor | Llangystennin Garth Brenni | Welsh Bicknor | English | |
West Midlands | Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr | West Midlands | English | |
Westminster | San Steffan | Westminster | English | |
Whitchurch | Yr Eglwys Wen | Whitchurch | English | |
Winchester | Caerwynt, Caerguint | Winchester | English | |
Wirral | Cilgwri | Wirral | English | |
Worcester | Caerwrangon | Worcester | English | |
Worcestershire | Swydd Gaerwrangon | Worcestershire | English | |
The Wrekin | Din Gwrygon | The Wrekin | English | |
Wroxeter | Caerwrygion | Wroxeter | English | |
York | Efrog, Caerefrog | York | English | |
Yorkshire | Swydd Efrog | Yorkshire | English |
United States
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English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
California | Califfornia[5] | California | |||||||||||||||||||||
New Mexico | Mecsico Newydd | New Mexico Nueva México |
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New York City | Dinas Efrog Newydd | New York City | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | Pensylfania | Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | Tecsas | Texas Tejas |
Sources
[edit]- Collins-Longman, Yr Atlas Cymraeg Newydd, ISBN 1-86085-377-3 (1999)
- Book of Llandaff
- Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary
See also
[edit]- List of European exonyms
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- Names of European cities in different languages
- Welsh placenames
- Welsh place names in other countries
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Griffiths, Bruce; Jones, Dafydd Glyn (2003). Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary.
- ^ "Irac: AS yn galw am ymchwiliad". 27 June 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Geiriadur yr Academi, p. 419.
- ^ Crawford, O. G. S. (2011). Topography of Roman Scotland: North of the Antonine Wall. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1107684737. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "BBC Radio Cymru - Byd Iolo, Califfornia".