Portal:Snakes

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The Snake Portal

Pope's pit viper (Trimeresurus popeiorum)

Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes (/sɜːrˈpɛntiːz/). Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads (cranial kinesis). To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have independently evolved elongate bodies without limbs or with greatly reduced limbs at least twenty-five times via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. These resemble snakes, but several common groups of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule is not universal (see Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, and Pygopodidae).

Living snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica, and on most smaller land masses; exceptions include some large islands, such as Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, and the islands of New Zealand, as well as many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific oceans. Additionally, sea snakes are widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans. Around thirty families are currently recognized, comprising about 520 genera and about 3,900 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10.4 cm-long (4.1 in) Barbados threadsnake to the reticulated python of 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length. The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 12.8 meters (42 ft) long. Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards, perhaps during the Jurassic period, with the earliest known fossils dating to between 143 and 167 Ma ago. The diversity of modern snakes appeared during the Paleocene epoch (c. 66 to 56 Ma ago, after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event). The oldest preserved descriptions of snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus. (Full article...)

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The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is a species of highly venomous snake belonging to the family Elapidae. It is native to parts of sub-Saharan Africa. First formally described by Albert Günther in 1864, it is the second-longest venomous snake after the king cobra; mature specimens generally exceed 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and commonly grow to 3 m (9.8 ft). Specimens of 4.3 to 4.5 m (14 to 15 ft) have been reported. Its skin colour varies from grey to dark brown. Juvenile black mambas tend to be paler than adults and darken with age. Despite the common name, the skin of a black mamba is not black, but rather describes the inside of its mouth, which it displays when feeling threatened.

The species is both terrestrial (ground-living) and arboreal (tree-living); it inhabits savannah, woodland, rocky slopes and in some regions, dense forest. It is diurnal and is known to prey on birds and small mammals. Over suitable surfaces, it can move at speeds up to 16 km/h (10 mph) for short distances. Adult black mambas have few natural predators. (Full article...)

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... that the Maloja Wind in Switzerland can produce a narrow and elongated low-lying cloud known as the "Maloja Snake"?
... that following the introduction of the round goby to Lake Erie, the Lake Erie watersnake's population recovered enough to be removed from the U.S. threatened species list?
... that the Japanese fire-bellied newt tends to show its belly to birds but wag its tail at snakes?
... that Vanita Jagdeo Borade has been called the "Snake Woman" for having rescued more than 50,000 snakes?
... that Vanita Jagdeo Borade has been called the "snake woman" for having rescued more than 50,000 snakes?
... that the Voice of Freedom had to counter venomous snakes, leeches, and other wildlife?

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... that the Balkan whip snake hibernates in winter, with several snakes sometimes sharing a single site?
... that the Late Cretaceous madtsoiid snake Sanajeh preyed on hatchling sauropod dinosaurs at nesting sites in India?
...that although the green anaconda is the modern world's largest snake at up to 9 m (30 ft) long and 227 kg (500 lb), the extinct Titanoboa could be up to 12.8 m (42 ft) long and 1,135 kg (2,500 lb; 1.1 long tons)?
... that the snake Philodryas baroni emits a foul-smelling substance from the cloaca when frightened?
... that the recently discovered smallest snake in the world, Leptotyphlops carlae (pictured), is thought to be near the evolutionary limit of how small any snake could be?

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Quality Content

Featured snake-related articles - George Went Hensley - List of snakes of Trinidad and Tobago
Good snake-related articles - Agkistrodon piscivorus - Bitis arietans - Bitis gabonica - Black mamba - Black-necked spitting cobra - Eastern green mamba - Forest cobra - Hydrophiinae - Many-banded krait - Nerodia clarkii - Russell's viper - Snake scales - Vipera berus - Western green mamba

General images

The following are images from various snake-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The skeletons of snakes are radically different from those of most other reptiles (as compared with the turtle here, for example), consisting almost entirely of an extended ribcage. (from Snake)
Image 2Snake meat, in a Taipei restaurant (from Snake)
Image 3Medusa (1597) by the Italian artist Caravaggio (from Snake)
Image 4Common Blind Snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus) (from List of snakes of South Asia)
Image 5Most common symptoms of any kind of snake bite envenomation. Furthermore, there is vast variation in symptoms between bites from different types of snakes. (from Snake)
Image 6Eupodophis descouensi (from Snake)
Image 7Eupodophis descouensi (from Snake)
Image 8Australia-Oceania Köppen Map (from Australian snake habitats)
Image 9Snake coiled on a stick in Oklahoma. It was brumating in a large pile of wood chips, found by this landscaper after he bulldozed the pile in late autumn 2018. (from Snake)
Image 10A neonate sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) sidewinding (from Snake)
Image 11African egg-eating snake eating an egg (from Snake)
Image 12Tetrapodophis (from Snake)
Image 13Eupodophis descouensi hind leg (from Snake)
Image 14Snakes composing a bronze kerykeion from the mythical Longanus river in Sicily (from Snake)
Image 15An adult Barbados threadsnake, Leptotyphlops carlae, on an American quarter dollar (from Snake)
Image 16A red-sided garter snake (from Narcisse Snake Dens)
Image 17A line diagram from The Fauna of British India by G. A. Boulenger (1890), illustrating the terminology of shields on the head of a snake (from Snake)
Image 18Mouse embryo 12 day post fertilization side by side with corn snake embryo 2 days post ovo-positioning. (from Snake)
Image 19Diagram illustrating differential somite size due to difference in somitogenesis clock oscillation (from Snake)
Image 20Approximate world distribution of snakes (from Snake)
Image 21Vipera berus, one fang in glove with a small venom stain, the other still in place (from Snake)
Image 22Crawling prints of a snake (from Snake)
Image 23Dolichophis jugularis preying on a sheltopusik (from Snake)
Image 24The Indian cobra is the most common subject of snake charmings. (from Snake)
Image 25Rod of Asclepius, in which the snake, through ecdysis, symbolizes healing (from Snake)
Image 26Close up of a red-sided garter snake
Image 27Ballcourt marker from the Postclassic site of Mixco Viejo in Guatemala. This sculpture depicts Kukulkan, jaws agape, with the head of a human warrior emerging from his maw. (from Snake)
Image 28Common Tree Snake (from Australian snake habitats)
Image 29Golden tree snake climbing a flower (from Snake)
Image 30The world's most venomous snake, based on LD₅₀, is the inland taipan of Australia. (from Venomous snake)
Image 31The lateral view of a king cobra's skull showing fangs (from Venomous snake)
Image 32Wart snake (Acrochordus granulatus) (from List of snakes of South Asia)
Image 33The Binocellate Cobra(naja naja) (from List of snakes of South Asia)
Image 34A common watersnake shedding its skin (from Snake)
Image 35Narcisse Snake Dens welcome sign (from Narcisse Snake Dens)
Image 36Innocuous milk snakes are often mistaken for coral snakes whose venom is deadly to humans. (from Snake)
Image 37The reverse side of the throne of Pharaoh Tutankhamun with four golden uraeus cobra figures. Gold with lapis lazuli; Valley of the Kings, Thebes (1347–37 BCE). (from Snake)
Image 38The garter snake has been studied for sexual selection. (from Snake)