1856 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1856.

Insects[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Osmylus picta^[2]	Sp. nov	Synonym	Hagen	Priabonian	Baltic amber	Europe	A protosmyline Osmylid lance lacewing Moved to "Protosmylus" picta (1913) moved to Osmylidia picta (2021)

Vertebrates[edit]

Conodonts[edit]

Name	Status	Authors	Age
Acodus^[3]	valid	Heinz Christian Pander
Gnathodus^[3]	valid	Heinz Christian Pander	Early Carboniferous
Prioniodus^[3]	valid	Heinz Christian Pander

Archosauromorphs[edit]

Newly named phytosaurs[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Centemodon^[4]	Nomen dubium	Lea		Dubious genus of phytosaur.

Newly named pseudosuchians[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Notes	Images
Dakosaurus^[5]	Valid taxon.	Quenstedt		Germany	A metriorhynchid thalattosuchian belong to Geosaurinae.	Dakosaurus

Newly named dinosaurs[edit]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Deinodon^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States	Might be a subjective synonym of Gorgosaurus or Daspletosaurus.
Dinosaurus^[7]	Preoccupied.	Rütimeyer	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)	Knollenmergel	Switzerland	Preoccupied by a genus erected by Fischer von Waldheim in 1847. Renamed Gresslyosaurus
Gresslyosaurus^[8]	Disputed.	Rütimeyer	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)	Knollenmergel	Switzerland	Possible subjective synonym of Plateosaurus
Palaeoscincus^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States	Possible subjective synonym of Edmontonia or Panoplosaurus.
Thespesius^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Great Lignite Formation (=Lance Formation)	United States	A dubious hadrosaurid.
Trachodon^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States ( Montana)	A dubious hadrosaurid.
Troodon^[6]	Disputed.	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States Canada	A potentially dubious troodontid.

References[edit]

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ Makarkin, V.N.; Archibald, S.B.; Mathewes, R.W. (2021). "New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks". Zootaxa. 4980 (1): 142–156.
^ ^a ^b ^c Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernements. CH Pander, 1856
^ Lea, I. 1856. Description of Centemodon sulcatus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: pp. 77-78.
^ Quenstedt, F. A. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt. Populäre Vorträge über Geologie. Tübingen: Laupp. [pp. 128, 130].
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856: pp. 72-72.
^ Rutimeyer. L. 1856. (Dinosaurus gresslyi). Biblio. Universelle Geneve Arch. September 1856: p. 53.
^ Rutimeyer. L. 1856. Reptilienknochen aus dem Keuper. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Ge samt. Naturwiss. Verh. 41: pp. 62-64.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Protosmylus2021-2] Makarkin, V.N.; Archibald, S.B.; Mathewes, R.W. (2021). "New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks". Zootaxa. 4980 (1): 142–156.

[Pander1856-3] Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernements. CH Pander, 1856

[4] Lea, I. 1856. Description of Centemodon sulcatus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: pp. 77-78.

[5] Quenstedt, F. A. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt. Populäre Vorträge über Geologie. Tübingen: Laupp. [pp. 128, 130].

[leidy1856-6] Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856: pp. 72-72.

[7] Rutimeyer. L. 1856. (Dinosaurus gresslyi). Biblio. Universelle Geneve Arch. September 1856: p. 53.

[8] Rutimeyer. L. 1856. Reptilienknochen aus dem Keuper. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Ge samt. Naturwiss. Verh. 41: pp. 62-64.

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