1975 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1975.

Paleozoology[edit]

Arthropods[edit]

Insects[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cretopone^[2]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Dlussky	Turonian	Beleutinskaya Formation	Kazakhstan	An ant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Type species C. magna	Cretopone magna
Electrodryinus areolatus^[3]	gen et sp nov	jr synonym	Ponomarenko	Eocene	Baltic amber	Russia	A dryinid wasp, genus synonymized with Deinodryinus	Deinodryinus areolatus
"Palaeomyrmex"^[4]	Gen et sp nov.	Jr synonym	Dlussky	Santonian	Taimyr amber	Russia	A Sphecomyrminae ant. homonym of Palaeomyrmex Heer. Moved to Dlusskyidris zherichini	Dlusskyidris zherichini

Molluscs[edit]

Bivalves[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Fordillidae^[5]	fam nov	Valid	Pojeta	Lower Devonian	worldwide		New family for Fordilla and Pojetaia	Fordilla

Conodonts[edit]

German paleontologist and stratigrapher Heinz Walter Kozur (1942-2013) and G.K. Merrill described the conodont genus Diplognathodus.^[6]

Vertebrates[edit]

Dinosaurs[edit]

Newly named dinosaurs[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[7]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Abrictosaurus^[8]	gen nov	Valid	Hopson	Early Jurassic	Upper Elliot Formation	Lesotho		Abrictosaurus
Alocodon	Gen et sp nov	Valid		194 Millions years ago.		Portugal UK
Bagaceratops^[9]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Maryańska & Osmólska	Late Cretaceous		Mongolia		Bagaceratops
"Sinopliosaurus" fusuiensis^[10]	Sp. Nov.	junior synonym?	Lian-Hai, Hsiang-K'uei, & Xi-Jin	Early Cretaceous	Xinlong Formation	China	Originally classified as a second species of the pliosauroid Sinopliosaurus,^[10] and later as a spinosaurid dinosaur.^[11] Now a possible junior synonym of the spinosaurid genus Siamosaurus.^[12]^[13]^[14]	"Sinopliosaurus" fusuiensis
Barapasaurus^[15]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Jain, Kutty, Roy-Chowdhury, & Chatterjee	Lower Jurassic	Kota Formation	India		Barapasaurus
Bradycneme^[16]	Fam, gen, et sp nov	Nomen dubium	Harrison & C. A. Walker	Maastrichtian	Sânpetru Formation	Romania	Possibly synonymous with Elopteryx.
Heptasteornis^[16]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Harrison & C. A. Walker	Maastrichtian	Sânpetru Formation	Romania	alvarezsaurid, originally described as an owl
Lanasaurus^[17]	Gen nov	Valid	Gow	Hettangian to Sinemurian	Elliot Formation	South Africa
"Yubasaurus"		Nomen nudum.	He				informal name for Yandusaurus.

Newly named birds[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Anhinga grandis ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Larry D. Martin Robert M. Mengel	Pliocene	Kimball Formation	USA ( Florida)	An Anhingidae.
Botaurus hibbardi ^[19]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Carolyn Moseley Alan Feduccia	Late Pliocene	Rexroad Formation	USA ( Kansas)	An Ardeidae.
Bulweria bifax ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Holocene		Saint Helena	A Procellariidae, Extinct after 1502 arrival of man
Dakotornis cooperi ^[21]	Gen. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Bruce R. Erickson	Paleocene	Tongue River Formation	USA ( North Dakota)	Described in the Dakornithidae, now placed in the Graculavidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos ^[20]	Gen. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Middle Pleistocene-Holocene		Saint Helena	A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Falco antiquus ^[22]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Middle Pleistocene	MQ 2B	France	A Falconidae.
Nannococcyx spix ^[20]	Gen. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Holocene		Saint Helena	A Cuculidae, this is the type species of the new genus. Extinct at the start of the 16th century BC
Primapus lacki ^[23]	Gen. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Collin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early Eocene	London Clay, MP 8-9	UK	An Apodiformes, Aegialornithidae Lydekker, 1891.
Pterodroma rupinarum ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Late Pleistocene-Holocene		Saint Helena	A Procellariidae, sometimes placed in the genus Pseudobulweria. Extinct after 1502 due to deforestation
Puffinus pacificoides ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Pleistocene		Saint Helena	A Procellariidae.
Spizaetus schultzi ^[24]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Larry D. Martin	Pliocene, Kimballian	Kimball Formation	USA ( Florida)	An Accipitridae.
Upupa antaios ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Holocene		Saint Helena	An Upupidae. Extinct before or around 1502

Pterosaurs[edit]

New taxa[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Notes
Puntanipterus	Valid	Bonaparte Sanchez, T.M
Quetzalcoatlus	Valid	Lawson, Douglas A.^[25]		USA( Texas) Canada( Alberta)	Quetzalcoatlus

Incertae sedis[edit]

New taxa[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Gluteus minimus	Valid	Richard Arnold Davis & Holmes A. Semken, Jr.^[26]

References[edit]

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ Dlussky G.M. 1975. Superfamily Formicoidea Latreille, 1802. Family Formicidae Latreille, 1802. In: Rasnitsyn A.P. (ed.), Hymenoptera Apocrita of Mesozoic. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademija Nauk SSSR: 114-122 [in Russian].
^ Guglielmino, A.; Olmi, M. (2011). "Revision of fossil species of Deinodryinus, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)". ZooKeys (130): 495–504. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1326. PMC 3260777. PMID 22259295.
^ Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. (1997). "New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships". American Museum Novitates (3208): 1–43.
^ Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. S2CID 49380913. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
^ Kozur, H. & Merrill, G.K. 1975. Genus Diplognathodus. In : Kozur, H. Beiträge zur Conodontenfauna des Perm. Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen, Innsbruck, pages 9-10
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Hopson, J.A. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Group (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: pp. 302–305.
^ Maryanska, T. and H. Osmólska, H. 1975. Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia. Palaeontol. Polonica 33: pp. 133-182.
^ ^a ^b Hou, L.; Yeh, H.; Zhao, X. (1975). "Fossil reptiles from Fusui, Kwangshi". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 13 (1): 24–33. ISSN 1000-3118.
^ Buffetaut, E.; Suteethorn, V.; Tong, H.; Amiot, R. (2008). "An Early Cretaceous spinosaur theropod from southern China". Geological Magazine. 145 (5): 745–748. Bibcode:2008GeoM..145..745B. doi:10.1017/S0016756808005360. S2CID 129921019.
^ Mortimer, M. "Megalosauroidea". theropoddatabase.com. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
^ Molina-Peréz & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Barcelona, Spain: Larousse. p. 275. ISBN 9780565094973.
^ Wongko, Kamonlak; Buffetaut, Eric; Khamha, Suchada; Lauprasert, Komsorn (2019). "Spinosaurid theropod teeth from the Red Beds of the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) in Northeastern Thailand". Tropical Natural History. 19 (1): 8–20. ISSN 2586-9892.
^ Jain, S.L., T.S. Kutty, T. Roychowdhury, S. Chatterjee. 1975. The sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Proc. R. Soc. London 2 A 188: pp. 221-228.
^ ^a ^b Harrison, C.J.O.; Walker, C.A. (1975). "The Bradycnemidae, a new family of owls from the Upper Cretaceous of Romania". Palaeontology. 18: 563–570.
^ Gow, C.E. 1975. A new heterodontosaurid from the Red Beds of South Africa showing evidence of tooth replacement. Zool. Linnaean Soc. London 57: pp. 335-339.
^ Larry D. Martin & Robert M. Mengel (1975). "A New Species of Anhinga (Anhingidae) from the Upper Pliocene of Nebraska" (PDF). Auk. 92 (1): 137–140. doi:10.2307/4084425. JSTOR 4084425.
^ Carolyn Moseley & Alan Feduccia (1975). "Upper Pliocene Herons and Ibises from North America". University Michigan Museum Paleontology, Papers on Paleontology. 12: 71–74.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Storrs L. Olson (1975). "Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 23 (23): 1–60. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.23.1.
^ Bruce R. Erickson (1975). "Dakotornis cooperi, a New Paleocene Bird from North Dakota". Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota. New Series. 3: 1–7.
^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1975). "Les Oiseaux du Pléistocène Moyen et Supérieur de France". Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon. 64: 1–624.
^ Collin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1975). "A New Swift from the Lower Eocene of Britain". Ibis. 117 (2): 162–164. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1975.tb04203.x.
^ Larry D. Martin (1975). "A New Species of Spizaetus from the Pliocene of Nebraska" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 87 (3): 413–416.
^ Lawson, Douglas A (1975). "Pterosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of West Texas: Discovery of the Largest Flying Creature". Science. 187 (4180): 947–948. Bibcode:1975Sci...187..947L. doi:10.1126/science.187.4180.947. PMID 17745279. S2CID 46396417.
^ Richard Arnold Davis & Holmes A. Semken, Jr. (1975). "Fossils of uncertain affinity from the Upper Devonian of Iowa". Science. 187 (4173): 251–254. Bibcode:1975Sci...187..251A. doi:10.1126/science.187.4173.251. JSTOR 1739069. PMID 17838783. S2CID 39189634.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Dlussky-2] Dlussky G.M. 1975. Superfamily Formicoidea Latreille, 1802. Family Formicidae Latreille, 1802. In: Rasnitsyn A.P. (ed.), Hymenoptera Apocrita of Mesozoic. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademija Nauk SSSR: 114-122 [in Russian].

[Guglielmino2011-3] Guglielmino, A.; Olmi, M. (2011). "Revision of fossil species of Deinodryinus, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)". ZooKeys (130): 495–504. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1326. PMC 3260777. PMID 22259295.

[Grimaldi1997-4] Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. (1997). "New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships". American Museum Novitates (3208): 1–43.

[Elicki2009-5] Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. S2CID 49380913. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.

[6] Kozur, H. & Merrill, G.K. 1975. Genus Diplognathodus. In : Kozur, H. Beiträge zur Conodontenfauna des Perm. Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen, Innsbruck, pages 9-10

[ddinogeorge-7] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[8] Hopson, J.A. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Group (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: pp. 302–305.

[9] Maryanska, T. and H. Osmólska, H. 1975. Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia. Palaeontol. Polonica 33: pp. 133-182.

[Fossil_reptiles_from_Fusui,_Kwangsh-10] Hou, L.; Yeh, H.; Zhao, X. (1975). "Fossil reptiles from Fusui, Kwangshi". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 13 (1): 24–33. ISSN 1000-3118.

[EBetal082-11] Buffetaut, E.; Suteethorn, V.; Tong, H.; Amiot, R. (2008). "An Early Cretaceous spinosaur theropod from southern China". Geological Magazine. 145 (5): 745–748. Bibcode:2008GeoM..145..745B. doi:10.1017/S0016756808005360. S2CID 129921019.

[12] Mortimer, M. "Megalosauroidea". theropoddatabase.com. Retrieved 2018-11-06.

[:20-13] Molina-Peréz & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Barcelona, Spain: Larousse. p. 275. ISBN 9780565094973.

[:24-14] Wongko, Kamonlak; Buffetaut, Eric; Khamha, Suchada; Lauprasert, Komsorn (2019). "Spinosaurid theropod teeth from the Red Beds of the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) in Northeastern Thailand". Tropical Natural History. 19 (1): 8–20. ISSN 2586-9892.

[15] Jain, S.L., T.S. Kutty, T. Roychowdhury, S. Chatterjee. 1975. The sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Proc. R. Soc. London 2 A 188: pp. 221-228.

[Harrison1975-16] Harrison, C.J.O.; Walker, C.A. (1975). "The Bradycnemidae, a new family of owls from the Upper Cretaceous of Romania". Palaeontology. 18: 563–570.

[17] Gow, C.E. 1975. A new heterodontosaurid from the Red Beds of South Africa showing evidence of tooth replacement. Zool. Linnaean Soc. London 57: pp. 335-339.

[Anhinga-18] Larry D. Martin & Robert M. Mengel (1975). "A New Species of Anhinga (Anhingidae) from the Upper Pliocene of Nebraska" (PDF). Auk. 92 (1): 137–140. doi:10.2307/4084425. JSTOR 4084425.

[Botaurus-19] Carolyn Moseley & Alan Feduccia (1975). "Upper Pliocene Herons and Ibises from North America". University Michigan Museum Paleontology, Papers on Paleontology. 12: 71–74.

[Olson1975-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Storrs L. Olson (1975). "Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 23 (23): 1–60. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.23.1.

[Dakotornis-21] Bruce R. Erickson (1975). "Dakotornis cooperi, a New Paleocene Bird from North Dakota". Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota. New Series. 3: 1–7.

[Falco-22] Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1975). "Les Oiseaux du Pléistocène Moyen et Supérieur de France". Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon. 64: 1–624.

[Primapus-23] Collin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1975). "A New Swift from the Lower Eocene of Britain". Ibis. 117 (2): 162–164. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1975.tb04203.x.

[Spizaetus-24] Larry D. Martin (1975). "A New Species of Spizaetus from the Pliocene of Nebraska" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 87 (3): 413–416.

[25] Lawson, Douglas A (1975). "Pterosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of West Texas: Discovery of the Largest Flying Creature". Science. 187 (4180): 947–948. Bibcode:1975Sci...187..947L. doi:10.1126/science.187.4180.947. PMID 17745279. S2CID 46396417.

[26] Richard Arnold Davis & Holmes A. Semken, Jr. (1975). "Fossils of uncertain affinity from the Upper Devonian of Iowa". Science. 187 (4173): 251–254. Bibcode:1975Sci...187..251A. doi:10.1126/science.187.4173.251. JSTOR 1739069. PMID 17838783. S2CID 39189634.

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