2008–09 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season

Blackburn Rovers F.C.
2008–09 season
Chairman	John Williams
Manager	Paul Ince (until 16 December); Sam Allardyce
Premier League	15th
FA Cup	Fifth round
League Cup	Quarter-final
Top goalscorer	Benni McCarthy (13)
	← 2007–08 2009–10 →

The 2008–09 season was Blackburn Rovers' 121st season as a professional club.

The close season saw the departure of manager Mark Hughes to Manchester City. He was replaced by Paul Ince, although after a poor start to the campaign, Ince was sacked and succeeded by Sam Allardyce.

First-team squad[edit]

This squad consists of all players issued with a squad number.

Last update: 3 May 2009 15:00

	Name	Age	Position	Apps	Goals	Assists	Goal ratio	Assist ratio	Goal/assist ratio
1	Paul Robinson	(1979-10-15)15 October 1979 (aged 29)	Goalkeeper	39	0	0
2	André Ooijer	(1974-07-11)11 July 1974 (aged 34)	Defender	94	2	3	0.02	0.03	0.05
3	Stephen Warnock	(1981-12-12)12 December 1981 (aged 27)	Full Back	105	6	8	0.06	0.08	0.13
4	Christopher Samba	(1984-03-28)28 March 1984 (aged 25)	Defender	96	8	6	0.08	0.06	0.15
5	Tugay Kerimoğlu	(1970-08-24)24 August 1970 (aged 38)	Midfielder	291	12	12	0.04	0.04	0.08
6	Ryan Nelsen	(1977-10-18)18 October 1977 (aged 31)	Defender	144	1	2	0.01	0.01	0.02
7	Brett Emerton	(1979-02-22)22 February 1979 (aged 30)	Winger	230	13	29	0.06	0.13	0.18
8	David Dunn	(1979-12-27)27 December 1979 (aged 29)	Midfielder	239	40	32	0.17	0.13	0.3
9	Roque Santa Cruz	(1981-08-16)16 August 1981 (aged 27)	Forward	70	29	10	0.41	0.14	0.56
10	Benni McCarthy	(1977-11-12)12 November 1977 (aged 31)	Forward	118	48	6	0.41	0.06	0.47
11	Vince Grella	(1979-10-05)5 October 1979 (aged 29)	Midfielder	17	0	0
12	Morten Gamst Pedersen	(1981-09-08)8 September 1981 (aged 27)	Winger	199	33	46	0.17	0.23	0.4
13	Zurab Khizanishvili	(1981-10-06)6 October 1981 (aged 27)	Defender	90	2	1	0.02	0.01	0.03
15	Aaron Mokoena	(1980-11-25)25 November 1980 (aged 28)	Midfielder	137	2	7	0.01	0.05	0.07
16	Steven Reid	(1981-03-10)10 March 1981 (aged 28)	Midfielder	124	7	10	0.06	0.08	0.14
17	Keith Andrews	(1980-09-13)13 September 1980 (aged 28)	Midfielder	33	4	0	0.12		0.12
18	Paul Gallagher	(1984-08-09)9 August 1984 (aged 24)	Winger	74	8	7	0.11	0.09	0.2
18	El Hadji Diouf	(1981-01-15)15 January 1981 (aged 28)	Winger	12	1	2	0.08	0.17	0.25
19	Carlos Villanueva	(1986-02-05)5 February 1986 (aged 23)	Versatile	20	2	4	0.1	0.2	0.3
21	Gaël Givet	(1981-10-09)9 October 1981 (aged 27)	Defender	16	0	0
22	Danny Simpson	(1987-01-04)4 January 1987 (aged 22)	Full Back	20	0	0
24	Keith Treacy	(1988-09-13)13 September 1988 (aged 20)	Winger	22	0	1		0.05	0.05
25	Alan Judge	(1988-11-11)11 November 1988 (aged 20)	Winger	2	0	0
26	Julio Santa Cruz	(1990-02-01)1 February 1990 (aged 19)	Forward	0	0	0
27	Matt Derbyshire	(1986-04-14)14 April 1986 (aged 23)	Forward	85	19	10	0.22	0.12	0.34
28	Tony Kane	(1987-08-29)29 August 1987 (aged 21)	Full Back	0	0	0
29	Martin Olsson	(1988-05-17)17 May 1988 (aged 21)	Full-back	18	1	0	0.06		0.06
30	Jason Roberts	(1978-01-25)25 January 1978 (aged 31)	Forward	84	17	13	0.2	0.15	0.36
31	Bryan Hodge	(1987-09-23)23 September 1987 (aged 21)	Midfielder	0	0	0
32	Jason Brown	(1982-05-18)18 May 1982 (aged 27)	Goalkeeper	8	0	0
33	Frank Fielding	(1988-03-04)4 March 1988 (aged 21)	Goalkeeper	0	0	0
34	Gunnar Nielsen	(1986-10-07)7 October 1986 (aged 22)	Goalkeeper	0	0	0
36	Marcus Marshall	(1989-10-07)7 October 1989 (aged 19)	Forward	1	0	0
37	Alex Marrow	(1990-01-21)21 January 1990 (aged 19)	Midfielder	0	0	0
38	Mark Bunn	(1984-11-19)19 November 1984 (aged 24)	Goalkeeper	1	0	0
39	Aaron Doran	(1991-05-13)13 May 1991 (aged 18)	Winger	2	0	0
40	Björn Bussmann	(1991-03-18)18 March 1991 (aged 18)	Goalkeeper	0	0	0
41	Andy Haworth	(1988-11-28)28 November 1988 (aged 20)	Winger	2	0	0
42	Gavin Gunning	(1991-01-28)28 January 1991 (aged 18)	Defender	0	0	0
43	Jamie Clarke	(1988-09-11)11 September 1988 (aged 20)	Forward	0	0	0

Transfers[edit]

In[edit]

Date		Player	Position	Previous club	Fee
	1	Paul Robinson	Goalkeeper	Tottenham Hotspur	£3,500,000
	19	Carlos Villanueva	Versatile	Audax Italiano	Loan
4 August 2008	22	Danny Simpson	Full-back	Manchester United	Loan^[1]
	26	Julio Santa Cruz	Forward	Cerro Porteño	Free
	11	Vince Grella	Midfielder	Torino	£4,000,000
28 August 2008	17	Keith Andrews	Midfielder	MK Dons	£1,000,000^[2]
12 September 2008	23	Robbie Fowler	Forward	Cardiff City	Free^[3]
	38	Mark Bunn	Goalkeeper	Northmapton Town	Undisclosed
	21	Gaël Givet	Defender	Marseille	Loan
	18	El Hadji Diouf	Winger	Sunderland	£2,000,000

Out[edit]

Date	Player	Position	New club	Fee
	Brad Friedel	Goalkeeper	Aston Villa	£2,000,000
	Bruno Berner	Full-back	Leicester City	Free
	Stéphane Henchoz	Defender	Retired	Free
	Peter Enckelman	Goalkeeper	Cardiff City	Free
31 July 2008	David Bentley	Winger	Tottenham Hotspur	£15,000,000^[4]
9 August 2008	Maceo Rigters	Forward	Barnsley	Loan^[5]
	Paul Gallagher	Winger	Plymouth Argyle	Loan
	Rostyn Griffiths	Midfield	Accrington Stanley	Loan
2 January 2009	Eddie Nolan	Defender	Preston North End	Undisclosed^[6]
	David Hoilett	Forward	FC St. Pauli	Loan
23 December 2008	Robbie Fowler	Forward	N/A	Free^[7]
	Sergio Peter	Winger	Sparta Prague	Undisclosed
	Alan Judge	Winger	Plymouth Argyle	Loan
28 January 2009	Matt Derbyshire	Forward	Olympiacos	Loan^[8]
	Gunnar Nielsen	Goalkeeper	Manchester City	Free

Fees are an estimate

Results[edit]

Pre-season[edit]

14 July 2008	Macclesfield Town	1–2	Blackburn Rovers
			Dunn Gallagher

21 July 2008	1899 Hoffenheim	3–1	Blackburn Rovers
			McCarthy

25 July 2008	Benfica	2–3	Blackburn Rovers
			Pedersen Roberts Emerton

26 July 2008	Sporting CP	2–1	Blackburn Rovers
			McCarthy

2 August 2008	Wolverhampton Wanderers	4–2	Blackburn Rovers
			Derbyshire Santa Cruz

9 August 2008	NAC Breda	1–1	Blackburn Rovers	Blackburn
			Roberts	Stadium: Ewood Park

Premier League[edit]

Round	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38
Ground	A	H	A	H	H	A	H	A	H	A	A	H	H	A	A	H	A	H	A	H	H	H	A	A	H	A	A	H	A	H	H	A	A	H	A	H	A	H
Result	W	D	L	L	W	W	L	D	D	L	D	L	L	L	L	L	L	W	D	D	W	D	D	L	L	W	D	W	L	D	W	L	L	W	L	W	L	D

Updated to match(es) played on 28 December 2008. Source: ^{[citation needed]}
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

16 August 2008	Everton	2–3	Blackburn Rovers	Liverpool
	Arteta 45' Yakubu 64'	Report	Dunn 22' Santa Cruz 66' Ooijer 90'	Stadium: Goodison Park

23 August 2008	Blackburn Rovers	1–1	Hull City	Blackburn
	Roberts 38'		Garcia 40'	Stadium: Ewood Park

30 August 2008	West Ham United	4–1	Blackburn Rovers	London
	Davenport 12' Samba 20' (o.g.) Bellamy 90' Cole 90'	Report	Roberts 22'	Stadium: Upton Park

13 September 2008	Blackburn Rovers	0–4	Arsenal	Blackburn
15:00	Warnock 80'	Report	8' Van Persie 45+1', 81' (pen.), 90+2' Adebayor 60' Denílson	Stadium: Ewood Park

20 September 2008	Blackburn Rovers	1–0	Fulham	Blackburn
	Derbyshire 84'			Stadium: Ewood Park

27 September 2008	Newcastle	1–2	Blackburn Rovers	Newcastle upon Tyne
	Owen 51' (pen.)		Samba 31' Santa Cruz 41'	Stadium: St James' Park

4 October 2008	Blackburn Rovers	0–2	Manchester United	Blackburn
			Brown 31' Rooney 64'	Stadium: Ewood Park

18 October 2008	Bolton Wanderers	0–0	Blackburn Rovers	Horwich
				Stadium: Reebok Stadium

25 October 2008	Blackburn Rovers	1–1	Middlesbrough	Blackburn
	McCarthy 90'		Alves 74'	Stadium: Ewood Park

29 October 2008	Aston Villa	3–2	Blackburn Rovers	Birmingham
	Luke Young 45' Barry 65' Agbonlahor 87'		Warnock 30' Emerton 90'	Stadium: Villa Park

1 November 2008	West Bromwich Albion	2–2	Blackburn Rovers	West Bromwich
	Bednář 55' Miller 62'		McCarthy 13' (pen.) Andrews 89'	Stadium: The Hawthorns

8 November 2008	Blackburn Rovers	0–2	Chelsea	Blackburn
			Anelka 40', 68'	Stadium: Ewood Park

15 November 2008	Blackburn Rovers	1–2	Sunderland	Blackburn
	Samba 45'		Jones 49' Cissé 71'	Stadium: Ewood Park

22 November 2008	Tottenham	1–0	Blackburn Rovers	London
	Pavlyuchenko 9'			Stadium: White Hart Lane

29 November 2008	Portsmouth	3–2	Blackburn Rovers	Portsmouth
	Crouch 49' Defoe 53' Davis 79'		Derbyshire 62' Kerimoğlu 67'	Stadium: Fratton Park

6 December 2008	Blackburn Rovers	1–3	Liverpool	Blackburn
	Santa Cruz 86'		Alonso 69' Benayoun 79' Gerrard 90'	Stadium: Ewood Park

13 December 2008	Wigan Athletic	3–0	Blackburn Rovers	Wigan
	Heskey 10' Valencia 12' Cattermole 77'	Report		Stadium: DW Stadium

20 December 2008	Blackburn Rovers	3–0	Stoke City	Blackburn
	McCarthy 9', 27' (pen.) Roberts 18'			Stadium: Ewood Park

26 December 2008	Sunderland	0–0	Blackburn Rovers	Sunderland
				Stadium: Stadium of Light

28 December 2008	Blackburn Rovers	2–2	Manchester City	Blackburn
	McCarthy 45' Roberts 84'		Sturridge 88' Robinho 90'	Stadium: Ewood Park

17 January 2009	Blackburn Rovers	3–0	Newcastle United	Blackburn
	McCarthy 61' (pen.) Roberts 66', 86'			Stadium: Ewood Park

28 January 2009	Blackburn Rovers	2–2	Bolton Wanderers	Blackburn
	Warnock 66' McCarthy 87'		Taylor 15' K. Davies 35'	Stadium: Ewood Park

31 January 2009	Middlesbrough	0–0	Blackburn Rovers	Middlesbrough
				Stadium: Riverside Stadium

7 February 2009	Blackburn Rovers	0–2	Aston Villa	Blackburn
			Milner 27' Agbonlahor 90'	Stadium: Ewood Park

21 February 2009	Manchester United	2–1	Blackburn Rovers	Manchester
	Rooney 23' Ronaldo 60'		Santa Cruz 32'	Stadium: Old Trafford

1 March 2009	Hull City	1–2	Blackburn Rovers	Kingston upon Hull
	Ashbee 79'		Warnock 34' Andrews 37'	Stadium: KC Stadium

4 March 2009	Blackburn Rovers	0–0	Everton	Blackburn
				Stadium: Ewood Park

11 March 2009	Fulham	1–2	Blackburn Rovers	London
	Dempsey 2'		Diouf 69' Roberts 85'	Stadium: Craven Cottage

14 March 2009	Arsenal	4–0	Blackburn Rovers	London
	Ooijer 2' (o.g.) Arshavin 65' Eboué 87', 90' (pen.)	Report		Stadium: Emirates Stadium

21 March 2009	Blackburn Rovers	1–1	West Ham United	Blackburn
	Andrews 51'		Noble 35'	Stadium: Ewood Park

4 April 2009	Blackburn Rovers	2–1	Tottenham	Blackburn
	McCarthy 82' Ooijer 89'		Keane 30' (pen.)	Stadium: Ewood Park

11 April 2009	Liverpool	4–0	Blackburn Rovers	Liverpool
	Torres 5', 33' Agger 83' N'Gog 90'			Stadium: Anfield

18 April 2009	Stoke City	1–0	Blackburn Rovers	Stoke-on-Trent
	Lawrence 75'			Stadium: Britannia Stadium

26 April 2009	Blackburn Rovers	2–0	Wigan Athletic	Blackburn
	McCarthy 45' Nelsen 60'			Stadium: Ewood Park

2 May 2009	Manchester City	3–1	Blackburn Rovers	Manchester
	Caicedo 27' Robinho 34' Elano 45' (pen.)		Andrews 66'	Stadium: City of Manchester Stadium

9 May 2009	Blackburn Rovers	2–0	Portsmouth	Blackburn
	Pedersen 31' McCarthy 58' (pen.)			Stadium: Ewood Park

16 May 2009	Chelsea	2–0	Blackburn Rovers	London
	Malouda 4' Anelka 59'			Stadium: Stamford Bridge Attendance: 40,804 (245 away)

24 May 2009	Blackburn Rovers	0–0	West Bromwich Albion	Blackburn
				Stadium: Ewood Park

FA Cup[edit]

5 January 2009	Blyth Spartans	0–1	Blackburn Rovers	Blyth, Northumberland
		Report	Villanueva	Stadium: Croft Park

24 January 2009	Sunderland	0–0	Blackburn Rovers	Sunderland
		Report		Stadium: Stadium of Light Attendance: 22,634

5 February 2009	Blackburn Rovers	2–1 (aet)	Sunderland	Blackburn
	Mokoena 37' McCarthy 118'	Report	Healy 7'	Stadium: Ewood Park Attendance: 10,112

14 February 2009	Blackburn Rovers	2–2	Coventry City	Blackburn
	Santa Cruz 2' Samba 90'	Report	Gunnarsson 61' Doyle 76'	Stadium: Ewood Park Attendance: 15,053

24 February 2009	Coventry City	1–0	Blackburn Rovers	Coventry
	Best 59'	Report		Stadium: Ricoh Arena Attendance: 22,793

League Cup[edit]

27 August 2008	Blackburn Rovers	4–1	Grimsby Town	Blackburn
	Villanueva Derbyshire Emerton		Newey	Stadium: Ewood Park

24 September 2008	Blackburn Rovers	1–0	Everton	Blackburn
	Olsson			Stadium: Ewood Park

12 November 2008	Sunderland	1–2	Blackburn Rovers	Sunderland
	Jones 71'	Report	Santa Cruz 65' Bardsley 70' (o.g.)	Stadium: Stadium of Light Attendance: 18,555

3 December 2008	Manchester United	5–3	Blackburn Rovers	Manchester
	Tevez 35', 50' (pen.), 54', 90+4' Nani 40'	Report	McCarthy 48', 90+2' Derbyshire 84'	Stadium: Old Trafford Attendance: 53,997

Season statistics[edit]

	Player	Age	Position	Apps	Goals	Assists	Y. Cards	R. Cards
1	Paul Robinson	(1979-10-15) 15 October 1979 (age 44)	Goalkeeper	39	0	0	0	0
2	André Ooijer	(1974-07-11) 11 July 1974 (age 49)	Defender	34	2	2	9	0
3	Stephen Warnock	(1981-12-12) 12 December 1981 (age 42)	Full Back	41	3	3	8	0
4	Christopher Samba	(1984-03-28) 28 March 1984 (age 40)	Defender	37	3	5	5	0
5	Tugay Kerimoğlu	(1970-08-24) 24 August 1970 (age 53)	Midfielder	34	1	0	3	0
6	Ryan Nelsen	(1977-10-18) 18 October 1977 (age 46)	Defender	38	1	1	8	0
7	Brett Emerton	(1979-02-22) 22 February 1979 (age 45)	Winger	22	2	3	4	0
8	David Dunn	(1979-12-27) 27 December 1979 (age 44)	Midfielder	16	1	0	0	0
9	Roque Santa Cruz	(1981-08-16) 16 August 1981 (age 42)	Forward	27	6	2	0	0
10	Benni McCarthy	(1977-11-12) 12 November 1977 (age 46)	Forward	31	13	4	5	1
11	Vince Grella	(1979-10-05) 5 October 1979 (age 44)	Midfielder	17	0	0	4	0
12	Morten Gamst Pedersen	(1981-09-08) 8 September 1981 (age 42)	Winger	35	1	9	2	1
13	Zurab Khizanishvili	(1981-10-06) 6 October 1981 (age 42)	Defender	11	0	0	4	0
14	Johann Vogel	(1977-03-08) 8 March 1977 (age 47)	Midfielder	2	0	0	0	0
15	Aaron Mokoena	(1980-11-25) 25 November 1980 (age 43)	Midfielder	24	1	0	7	0
16	Steven Reid	(1981-03-10) 10 March 1981 (age 43)	Midfielder	4	0	2	0	0
17	Keith Andrews	(1980-09-13) 13 September 1980 (age 43)	Midfielder	33	4	0	5	0
18	Paul Gallagher	(1984-08-09) 9 August 1984 (age 39)	Winger	1	0	0	0	0
18	El Hadji Diouf	(1981-01-15) 15 January 1981 (age 43)	Winger	12	1	2	1	2
19	Carlos Villanueva	(1986-02-05) 5 February 1986 (age 38)	Versatile	20	2	4	2	0
21	Sergio Peter	(1986-10-12) 12 October 1986 (age 37)	Winger	0	0	0	0	0
21	Gaël Givet	(1981-10-09) 9 October 1981 (age 42)	Defender	16	0	0	3	0
22	Danny Simpson	(1987-01-04) 4 January 1987 (age 37)	Full Back	20	0	0	4	0
23	Robbie Fowler	(1975-04-09) 9 April 1975 (age 49)	Forward	6	0	1	0	0
24	Keith Treacy	(1988-09-13) 13 September 1988 (age 35)	Winger	20	0	1	2	0
25	Alan Judge	(1988-11-11) 11 November 1988 (age 35)	Winger	2	0	0	0	0
26	Julio Santa Cruz	(1990-02-01) 1 February 1990 (age 34)	Forward	0	0	0	0	0
27	Matt Derbyshire	(1986-04-14) 14 April 1986 (age 38)	Forward	22	5	3	1	0
28	Tony Kane	(1987-08-29) 29 August 1987 (age 36)	Full Back	0	0	0	0	0
29	Martin Olsson	(1988-05-17) 17 May 1988 (age 35)	Full Back	14	1	0	3	1
30	Jason Roberts	(1978-01-25) 25 January 1978 (age 46)	Forward	29	7	5	4	0
31	Bryan Hodge	(1987-09-23) 23 September 1987 (age 36)	Midfielder	1	0	0	0	0
32	Jason Brown	(1982-05-18) 18 May 1982 (age 41)	Goalkeeper	7	0	0	1	0
33	Frank Fielding	(1988-03-04) 4 March 1988 (age 36)	Goalkeeper	0	0	0	0	0
34	Gunnar Nielsen	(1986-10-07) 7 October 1986 (age 37)	Goalkeeper	0	0	0	0	0
35	Eddie Nolan	(1988-08-05) 5 August 1988 (age 35)	Defender	0	0	0	0	0
36	Marcus Marshall	(1989-10-07) 7 October 1989 (age 34)	Forward	1	0	0	0	0
37	Alex Marrow	(1990-01-21) 21 January 1990 (age 34)	Midfielder	0	0	0	0	0
38	Mark Bunn	(1984-11-19) 19 November 1984 (age 39)	Goalkeeper	1	0	0	0	0
39	Aaron Doran	(1991-05-13) 13 May 1991 (age 32)	Winger	2	0	0	0	0
40	Björn Bussmann	(1991-03-18) 18 March 1991 (age 33)	Goalkeeper	0	0	0	0	0
41	Andy Haworth	(1988-11-28) 28 November 1988 (age 35)	Winger	2	0	0	0	0
42	Gavin Gunning	(1991-01-28) 28 January 1991 (age 33)	Defender	0	0	0	0	0
43	Jamie Clarke	(1988-09-11) 11 September 1988 (age 35)	Forward	0	0	0	0	0

Final league table[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
13	Bolton Wanderers	38	11	8	19	41	53	−12	41
14	Portsmouth	38	10	11	17	38	57	−19	41
15	Blackburn Rovers	38	10	11	17	40	60	−20	41
16	Sunderland	38	9	9	20	34	54	−20	36
17	Hull City	38	8	11	19	39	64	−25	35

Source: Premier League
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

References[edit]

^ "Simpson moves to Blackburn". Eurosport. 4 August 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Blackburn sign Andrews". The Independent. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Fowler joins Rovers on short-term deal". The Guardian. 12 September 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Tottenham confirm £15m six-year deal for Bentley". The Guardian. 31 July 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Rigters moves to Barnsley". Eurosport. 8 August 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Nolan makes Preston switch". Eurosport. 2 January 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Fowler leaves Blackburn". Eurosport. 23 December 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^ "Derbyshire goes to Greece". Eurosport. 28 January 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

External links[edit]

[1] "Simpson moves to Blackburn". Eurosport. 4 August 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[2] "Blackburn sign Andrews". The Independent. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[3] "Fowler joins Rovers on short-term deal". The Guardian. 12 September 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[4] "Tottenham confirm £15m six-year deal for Bentley". The Guardian. 31 July 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[5] "Rigters moves to Barnsley". Eurosport. 8 August 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[6] "Nolan makes Preston switch". Eurosport. 2 January 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[7] "Fowler leaves Blackburn". Eurosport. 23 December 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[8] "Derbyshire goes to Greece". Eurosport. 28 January 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

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