Battle of Kartarpur

Battle of Kartarpur
	Part of Early Mughal-Sikh Wars
	; Defaced, abraded, and deteriorated mural depicting the Battle of Kartarpur (April 1635) from Gurdwara Chhevin Patshahi, Hadiara, Lahore district. In the middle can be seen Guru Hargobind slicing Painde Khan into two
Date	25 April 1635
Location	Kartarpur
Result	Sikh victory
Belligerents
Akal Sena (Sikhs)	Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Guru Hargobind; Tegh Bahadur; Bidhi Chand; Baba Gurditta; Bhai Jati Malik; Bhai Lakhi Das; Bhatt Fateh Chand †; Bhatt Amir Chand †; Bhai Mehar Chand	Shah Jahan; Kale Khan †; Kutub Khan †; Painda Khan † ; Anwar Khan †; Azmat Khan †; Khoja Anwar †

The Battle of Kartarpur occurred on 25 April 1635.^[2] It started when the Mughal Empire attacked the town of Kartarpur. The Mughal force was repulsed by the Sikh defenders.^[3] The battle occurred in the locality of Kartarpur in present-day Jalandhar district of Indian Punjab.^[2]

Events

Painda (or Painde) Khan, ex-general of the Sikh troops, convinced Shah Jahan to send a force against Guru Hargobind in Kartarpur. The expedition was commanded by Kale Khan, the governor of Peshwar whose brother Mukhlis Khan was killed by Guru Hargobind in the Battle of Amritsar (1634).^{[citation needed]} He was joined by Qutub Khan, (Qutab or Kutub, the faujdar of Jalandhar) Kohja Anwar, and Painda.^[1]^{: 541–542}

Qutub sent Anwar Khan with gifts to Guru Hargobind which were rejected. Anwar challenged Hargobind to a game of chaupar. After being defeated, Anwar insulted the Guru's predecessors, and in return was beaten and sent away.^{[citation needed]}

Kartarpur was defended by Bhai Bidhi Chand with Guru Hargobind and his eldest son Baba Gurdita supporting him.^[3]

Aftermath

After the battle, Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib travelled to Giractpur (Kirtapur) via Bhawarati (Phagwara). At Palahi village near Phagwara, he was set upon by royal forces under Ahmad Khan, and suffered considerable losses.^[1]^{: 542–543} He remained in Kiratpur until his death.^[1]^: 543

On the Sikh side, Bhatt Fateh Chand and Bhatt Amir Chand (sons of Dharma Bhatt and grandsons of Bhoja Bhatt) were killed in battle.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 9788126908585.
^ ^a ^b The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 2. Harbans Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University. 1992–1998. p. 448. ISBN 0-8364-2883-8. OCLC 29703420.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ ^a ^b Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, vol. F-O. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 513. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
^ Dhillon, Dalbir Singh (1988). Sikhism: Origin and Development. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Limited. p. 123.

31°19′32″N 75°34′45″E / 31.32556°N 75.57917°E / 31.32556; 75.57917

[Gandhi2007-1] Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 9788126908585.

[The_encyclopaedia_of_Sikhism-2] The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 2. Harbans Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University. 1992–1998. p. 448. ISBN 0-8364-2883-8. OCLC 29703420.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[Jaques_513-3] Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, vol. F-O. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 513. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

[:22-4] Dhillon, Dalbir Singh (1988). Sikhism: Origin and Development. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Limited. p. 123.

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