Brotia episcopalis

Brotia episcopalis
	Apertural view of the shell of Brotia episcopalis
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Family:	Pachychilidae
Genus:	Brotia
Species:	B. episcopalis
Binomial name
	Brotia episcopalis; (H. C. Lea & I. Lea, 1851)
Synonyms
	Melania (Melanoides) palembangensis Strubell, 1897 (junior synonym); Melania episcopalis I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 (original combination); Melania heros Brot, 1877 (junior synonym); Melania palembangensis Strubell, 1897; Sermyla chaperi de Morgan, 1885 (junior synonym); Sermyla perakensis de Morgan, 1885 (junior synonym);

Brotia episcopalis is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

Taxonomy[edit]

In the 20th century, B. episcopalis was frequently synonymized with Brotia costula due to cryptically similar shell morphology. In the 21st century molecular data was able to distinguish this species.^[3]

Distribution[edit]

This species occurs in:

peninsular Malaysia^[1]^[3]
Thailand^[1]

Human use[edit]

Evidence of B. episcopalis being used as food has been discovered in Neolithic archaeological sites in Malaysia.^[4]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Köhler F. & Simonis J. (2012). "Brotia episcopalis". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
^ "WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species – Brotia episcopalis (I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851)". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b Köhler, Frank.; Köhler, Frank; Glaubrecht, Matthias (2006). "A systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". Malacologia. 48: 159–251. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ Albert, Deejay (1 August 2019). A Study on the Mollusc Remains from Archaeological Sites in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia (Thesis).

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[IUCN_2012-1] Köhler F. & Simonis J. (2012). "Brotia episcopalis". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[2] "WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species – Brotia episcopalis (I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851)". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 15 January 2022.

[Mal06-3] Köhler, Frank.; Köhler, Frank; Glaubrecht, Matthias (2006). "A systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". Malacologia. 48: 159–251. ISSN 0076-2997.

[4] Albert, Deejay (1 August 2019). A Study on the Mollusc Remains from Archaeological Sites in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia (Thesis).

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