Charles Patton Dimitry
Charles Patton Dimitry | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | July 31, 1837 Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Died | November 10, 1910 (aged 73) New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Pen name | Tobias Guarnerius Jr. Braddock Field |
| Occupation | Poet Novelist Historian |
| Education | Saint Charles Parish |
| Alma mater | Georgetown University |
| Period | Realism |
| Genre | Southern Literature |
| Years active | 1863-1911 |
| Notable works | The House in Balfour Street |
| Spouse | Nannie Elizabeth Johnston |
| Relatives | John Bull Smith Dimitry Ernest Lagarde Marianne Celeste Dragon George Pandely Theodore John Dimitry Jr. |
| Parent |
|
| Family | Dimitry Family (Creoles) |
Charles Patton Dimitry (July 31, 1837 – November 10, 1910) was an American mixed race Creole author, poet, journalist, inventor, and historian. He was the second son of Greek Creole author and diplomat Alexander Dimitry and also the grandson of Marianne Celeste Dragon. His catalog features a massive amount of literary publications one of his most notable works was The House in Balfour Street published in 1868. The author used two pseudonyms Tobias Guarnerius Jr. or Braddock Field his father Alexander used the pseudonym Tobias Guarnerius in some of his works. Charles worked for newspaper publications across the country including New Orleans, New York City, and Washington DC.[1][2]
Charles was born in Washington D.C. along with his brother Creole author John Bull Smith Dimitry and sister Virginia Dimitry Ruth. They were educated in New Orleans by their father Alexander. Charles and his brother John eventually attended Georgetown University. Their father was the first person of color to attend the same institution. Charles wrote fictional and non-fictional works throughout his life. Toward the end of his life, he published historical content about New Orleans and the state of Louisiana.[3]
Charles was a member of the Louisiana Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and became the state historian of the society. On January 16, 1888, he filed for a patent for the improvement to indelible ink which he invented.[4] Charles won many awards for his writing. In June 1863, The Magnolia Weekly awarded Charles the $500 prize for best original serial story entitled Guilty or Not Guilty. In another instance, the Committee on Prose Compositions of the Press Convention on February 26, 1884, in New Orleans awarded Charles a prize of $50 for his essay The Massacre of St. Andre.[5] He died in New Orleans at 73 years old.[6][7]
Early life[edit]
Charles was born in Washington D.C. on July 31, 1837, to Creole diplomat Alexander Dimitry and Mary Powell Mills daughter of prominent architect Robert Mills. Charles and several of his siblings were born in Washington while their father Alexander was the principal clerk for the Southwest postal department. The family moved back to New Orleans where Charles and his siblings were educated at College Hill, Mississippi at Saint Charles Parish. Their father Alexander established the school and he was also the dean. Charles' father was the first person of color appointed superintendent of public education in the state of Louisiana from 1847 to 1854.[3][8][9]
Two incidents publicly threatened the family's prominent social status. Because of abusive racism and the disqualification of interracial marriages in the late 1700s and early 1800s in New Orleans Charles' grandmother Marianne Céleste Dragon passed as a white person on public records. Marriage records list her as a white woman. Two legal incidents almost identified her as a person of color, which would destabilize her legal status. The first incident occurred in the 1830s with the Forstall sisters Pauline and Josephine. Property was given to Marianne by the Frostall family and Pauline and Josephine sued to have the property returned. The Forstall sisters claimed she was pretending to be white, and the property was left to a woman of color. The white Marianne had to return the property. The court sided with Marianne allowing her to keep her property and her white status, ruling that the family had been in possession of the right to be categorized as a person not born of Negro extraction.[10][11][12]
The second incident occurred when Charles was around 16 years old in 1853, his first cousin George Pandely was running for a seat on the Board of Assistant Aldermen. The assistant aldermen was responsible for urban infrastructure in New Orleans including streets and sidewalks a seat similar to a city council member. He was elected but forced to resign about seven months later because Victor Wiltz accused him of being of African lineage.[13] It was against the law for people of African descent to hold public office. Pandelly took Victor Wiltz to court in the case Pandelly v. Wiltz (1854), in the case George's opponent, accused George's grandmother of having African ancestry to discredit his elected position. Pandelly took his opponent to court for slander. Pandelly won the case but no damages were rewarded, and the Pandely Affair inspired later generations to create a new genealogy where they claimed descent from a mythical, Indian princess of the Alibamu tribe named Malanta Talla.[14] New Orleans records indicate both their grandmother and great-grandmother were not of Indian descent. Their great-grandmother was a former slave named Marie Françoise Chauvin Beaulieu de Montplaisir. She belonged to Mr. Charles Daprémont de La Lande, a member of the Superior Council.[15][16][17][18]
Charles' father Alexander Dimitry became the first person of color to hold the position of U.S. Ambassador of Costa Rica & Nicaragua. But because the affair made national headlines an Ohio publication called Alexander African in 1859 discrediting the President of the United States because it was illegal for people of African descent to hold office.[19] Charles attended Georgetown University in the late 1850s while his father and brother John Bull Smith Dimitry were diplomats.[20]
Later life[edit]
Charles was a private in the Louisiana Guard, Confederate Army. Most of his family served the Confederacy. His brother Alexander Godgrand Dimitry died in battle. His other brother John Bull Smith Dimitry briefly served until he was injured in battle. John joined his father at the Confederate Post Office in Richmond VA where they both had prominent positions. After the war, around October 1865 Charles was arrested by Union forces for writing slander against the White House of the United States government in the Commercial Bulletin in Richmond, Virginia. He was released on probation.[21][22] At the end of the war, he continued writing. Around the same period from 1864 to 1866 he published a series of novels in serial Guilty or not Guilty, Angela's Christmas, The Alderley Tragedy, Two Knaves and a Queen, and Gold Dust and Diamonds. His most notable work was published in 1868 entitled The House in Balfour-street. Some of his works were published under the pseudonyms Tobias Guarnerius Jr. or Braddock Field. Charles and his brother John both received master's degrees from Georgetown University in 1867.[23][20][24]
He was an active journalist for the remainder of his life from 1865 until his death. Some of the publications that he was employed include Washington D.C. News Papers: Patriot, The Post, and The Sunday Gazette. In New York City he also wrote for: The World, The Daily Graphic, New York Star, and the Brooklyn Times-Union. In New Orleans: Bee, South Illustrated and Louisiana Illustrated of New Orleans, Louisiana. He married Nannie Elizabeth Johnston the daughter of Reuben Johnston in 1871. She was from Alexandria, Virginia. They tried to make one child, but it was stillborn. She died after almost nine years of marriage in 1880 and they had no surviving children. Charles was 43 years old and never remarried. Charles was a member of the Louisiana Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and became the state historian of the society. Towards the end of his life, he completed historical works about Louisiana including: Louisiana Families, Louisiana Story in Little Chapters and In Exile. He also invented an improvement to indelible ink and received a patent on January 16, 1888. In June 1863, The Magnolia Weekly awarded Charles the $500 prize for the best original serial story entitled Guilty or Not Guilty and the Committee on Prose Compositions of the Press Convention on February 26, 1884, in New Orleans awarded Charles a prize $50 for his essay The Massacre of St. Andre. Towards the end of his life, Charles became known as the blind historian of Louisiana because he lost his eyesight.[25] He died in New Orleans at 73 years old.[26][27][7]
Literary works[edit]
| Date | Title |
|---|---|
| 1866 | Viva Italia |
| 1869 | Farewell, Ma Mie |
| 1870 | The Sergeant's Story |
| 1896 | Amoura's Valentine |
| 1896 | Sonnet to my Lady's Eyes |
References[edit]
- ^ Staff Writers (July 26, 2023). "Record Group 145 Charles Patton Dimitry Papers" (PDF). New Orleans, Louisiana: State of Louisiana. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ Beach et al. 1888, p. 10.
- ^ a b Fiske & Wilson 1888, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Breneman 1887, p. 178.
- ^ "The Press Convention" (PDF). The Opelousas Courier, Vol. XXXL, No. 22 (Opelousas, Parish of St. Landry, La ), Page 1. Library of Congress. March 1, 1884. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ Alderman, Smith & Metcalf 1901, p. 120.
- ^ a b Smith et al. 1917, p. 202.
- ^ Pecquet du Bellet 1907, pp. 141–144.
- ^ Pecquet du Bellet 1907a, pp. 165.
- ^ Johnson & Brown 1904, p. 31.
- ^ Herringshaw 1901, p. 303.
- ^ Foretia 2023, p. 60.
- ^ Maddox 1853, p. 3.
- ^ Pecquet du Bellet 1907a, pp. 161–191.
- ^ Mixed Marriages In Louisiana Creole Families 164 marriages (August 18, 2018). "Landry Christophe" (PDF). Louisiana Historic & Cultural Vistas. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Chambers 1854, pp. 357.
- ^ Thompson 2009, pp. 49–51.
- ^ Tucker 2016, p. 92.
- ^ "Buchanan Scrubbing the Ohio Democracy" (PDF). Weekly Ohio State Journal Vol. 49 No. 24 (Columbus Ohio), p. 2. Digital Academic Research Archives. September 26, 1859. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
- ^ a b Maxwell 1916, p. 111.
- ^ "Suspension of the Bulletin" (PDF). Staunton Spectator, Vol. 42, No. 17 (Staunton, VA), Page 2. Library of Congress. October 10, 1865. p. 2, col. 2. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ J.A. Shelby (October 12, 1865). "News Paper Office Closed" (PDF). The Daily Phoenix, Vol. 1, No. 167 (Columbia S.C.), Page 2. Library of Congress. p. 2, col. 5. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ Davidson 1869, pp. 143–144.
- ^ Chandler et al. 1909, p. 283.
- ^ De Leon 1909, p. 116.
- ^ Rutherford 1907, p. 684-685.
- ^ Wood 1896, p. 77.
- ^ "Look Out!" (PDF). Daily Dispatch, Vol. XXV, No. 136 (Richmond Va), Page 2. Library of Congress. October 10, 1865. p. 2, col. 3. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ "The Magnolia Weekly" (PDF). Daily Dispatch, Vol. 27, No. 58 (Richmond Va), Page 2. Library of Congress. September 5, 1864. p. 3, col. 4. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
Bibliography[edit]
- Breneman, A. A. (1887). Indelible Ink (370,383). New York, NY: John Polhemus Publishing.
- Thompson, Shirley Elizabeth (2009). Exiles at Home The Struggle to Become American in Creole New Orleans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674023512.
- Tucker, Susan (2016). City of Remembering: A History of Genealogy in New Orleans. Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781496806222.
- Smith, James Power; Archer, Anderson; Christian, George L.; Mccabe, W. Gordon (October 1917). Southern Historical Society Papers XLII. Richmond, VA: The Southern Historical Society Society.
- Wood, John Seymour (1896). The Bachelor of Arts A Monthly Magazine Devoted to University Interests and General Literature Volume 2. Wall Street, N.Y.: The Bachelor of Arts.
- Chandler, Julian Alvin Carroll; Riley, Franklin Lafayette; Ballagh, James Curtis; Henneman, John Bell; Mims, Edwin; Watson, Thomas Edward; Mitchell, Samuel Chiles; Fleming, Walter Lynwood (1909). The South in the Building of the Nation: Southern Biography Volume XI. Richmond, VA: The Southern Publication Society.
- Rutherford, Mildred Lewis (1907). The South in History and Literature A Hand-book of Southern Authors, from the Settlement of Jamestown, 1607, to Living Writers. Athens, GA: The Franklin Turner Company.
- Davidson, James Wood (1869). The Living Writers of the South. New York, NY: Carleton Publisher Madison Square.
- Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1904). "Charles Patton Dimitry". The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Cowan-Erich. Vol. 3. Boston, MA: The Biographical Society. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- Chambers, William (1854). Things as They are in America. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo & Company.
- Foretia, Crystal (April 5, 2023). The Color of Intimacy: Marriage, Passing, and the Legal Strategies of Afro-Creole Women in Antebellum New Orleans (PDF) (Thesis). New York, New York: Columbia University Department of History. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2023.
- Maxwell, W.J. (1916). General Register of Georgetown University. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
- Herringshaw, Thomas William, ed. (1901). "Charles Patton Dimitry". Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography of the Nineteenth Century. Chicago, IL: American Publishers Association.
- Alderman, Edwin Anderson; Smith, Charles Alphonso; Metcalf, John Calvin, eds. (1901). "Charles Patton Dimitry Dimitry". Library of Southern Literature Biographical Dictionary of Authors Presented by Lucian Lamar Knight. Vol. 15. Atlanta, GA: The Martin and Hoyt Company.
- Fiske, John; Wilson, James Grant, eds. (1888). "Charles Patton Dimitry". Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Crane-Grimshaw. Vol. 2. New York, NY: D. Appleton and Company.
- Beach, Frederick Converse; Rines, George Edwin; Dole, Nathan Haskell; Roe, Edward Thomas; Copeland, Thomas Campbell, eds. (1888). "Charles Patton Dimitry". The Encyclopedia Americana A General Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences, Literature, History, Biography, Geography, Etc. Daae - Emerson. Vol. 6. New York, NY: The Americana Company. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- Pecquet du Bellet, Louise (1907a). Some Prominent Virginia Families. Vol. 4. Lynchburg,VA: J. P. Bell Company (Incorporated).
- Pecquet du Bellet, Louise (1907). Some Prominent Virginia Families. Vol. 3. Lynchburg,VA: J. P. Bell Company Incorporated.
- Maddox, Joseph H. (August 4, 1853). "Evidence of Lineage The Pandelly Affair". New Orleans Daily Crescent, Volume 6, No. 129. New Orleans, Louisiana: New Orleans Daily Crescent. p. 3, col. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 25, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
The Pandelly Affair
- De Leon, Thomas Cooper (1909). Belles, Beaux and Brains of the 60's. New York, NY: G.W. Dillingham Company.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1837 births
- 1910 deaths
- 19th-century Greek Americans
- American people of Creole descent
- Louisiana Creole people
- French people of Louisiana Creole descent
- People of Louisiana in the American Civil War
- African Americans in the American Civil War
- Georgetown University alumni
- 19th-century Greek educators
- 19th-century Greek writers
- American writers of Greek descent
- Dimitry Family (Creoles)
- 19th-century American writers