Chinese Friendship Farms in Africa
Chinese Friendship Farms are part of the agricultural cooperation of the People's Republic of China with many African states. Some of the numerous projects started as development aid, other (and later) engagements lost this aspect. [1]
"China's 'Friendship Farms' in various African countries are formally owned by a Chinese parastatal organisation, but are mostly medium scale, usually below 1000 hectares."[2] While the intended and more often cited farm sizes are reported in the thousands, actual sizes are much smaller or the engagement never became operational.[1] In the context of large-scale land acquisitions they are, therefore, among smaller engagements.[3]
Many of the plantations indeed carry the name "Friendship Farm". In projects oriented towards production this implies a "political requests by the host government". Farmers on both sides consider the activities as a political task as well, where they equate political with building friendships. In the context of Mozambique this means to concentrate on crops that improve local food security. This, however, does not exclude an economic and profit-maximizing interest. In Mozambique a project initialized as an aid project is now open to invest in cash crops such as soybeans, rapeseed, tobacco for the Chinese market or organic vegetables for the Europe.
Originally this farm was set up in the context of China–Africa Friendship Cooperation. There was not so much economic interest involved … [yet] although Lianfeng was established for a specific state purpose, we are still an enterprise.’
— A Chinese farm team-leader accd. to Brautigam, 2012 [4]
Official Chinese government information from 2006 claims that through agricultural cooperation between China and Africa 40 countries could establish "agro technology pilot or demonstration farms and promotion stations under nearly 200 cooperation programs and carried out 23 fishery cooperation projects with 13 African countries." Exchange of technical staff is also an important part of the cooperation (more than 10 000 Chinese specialists sent to Africa).[5] Academic findings from 2009, claim that 14 such agro-technical demonstration stations had been started by China. [6]
The employment mix between Chinese and local African workers varies between projects, yet many projects have a significant positive employment effect in their regions.[1] [7]
Chinese agricultural investment has to be analysed in the global context. It has received (mostly unfairly) exceptional international media coverage. [8][3]
Examples[edit]
The list of projects is long, yet here are a few illustrative examples
- Wanbao Rice Farm, Mozambique, rice [4]
- China-Zambia Friendship Farm, 630 ha, renewable 99 years lease[9]
- Hanhe Farm, Uganda, mushrooms and others, 160 ha [10]
- Hubei-Gaza Friendship Farm, Rwanda, rice,[11]
- Anié Sugar Complex, Togo, sugar cane, 1 300 ha [1]
A comprehensive list of investments can be found in the book 'Will Africa feed China?'[1]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Brautigam, Deborah (2015). Will Africa feed China?. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199396863.
- ^ Cotula, Lorenzo; Vermeulen, Sonja; Leonard, Rebeca; Keeley, James (2009). Land grab or development opportunity? : agricultural investment and international land deals in Africa. IIED. ISBN 978-1-84369-741-1.
- ^ a b "Land Matrix". landmatrix.org.
- ^ a b Brautigam, D.; Ekman, S.-M. S. (28 May 2012). "Briefing Rumours and realities of Chinese agricultural engagement in Mozambique". African Affairs. 111 (444): 483–492. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads030.
- ^ "Agricultural cooperation". www.fmprc.gov.cn. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China.
- ^ Bräutigam, Deborah A.; Xiaoyang, Tang (2009). "China's Engagement in African Agriculture: "Down to the Countryside"". The China Quarterly. 199 (199): 686–706. doi:10.1017/S0305741009990166. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 27756497. S2CID 153474369.
- ^ "Chinese Farmers toil in Africa". youtube. New China TV. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ Swanson, Ana. "An incredible image shows how powerful countries are buying up much of the world's land". Washington Post.
- ^ Chatelard, Solange Guo; Chu, Jessica M. (2015). "Chinese Agricultural Engagements in Zambia: A Grassroots Analysis" (PDF). The China Africa Research Initiative by the Johns Hopkins University (4). Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ Maiyo, Joshua. "The Political Ecology of Chinese Investment in Uganda: the Case of Hanhe Farm" (PDF). China-Africa Research Initiative at Johns Hopkins University - Policy Brief.
- ^ "China's hybrid rice sows hope for Africa". The New Times | Rwanda. 6 September 2019.
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