Draft:Bishr al-Marisi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bishr ibn Ghiyath al-Marisi
Personal
Born755 CE
Died813 CE
ReligionIslam (formerly)
RegionMesopotamia (present-day Iraq)
DenominationMurji'ah, Jahmiyyah[1]
Main interest(s)Philosophy
Notable idea(s)Creation of the Qur'an, Metaphorical Interpretations of God's Attributes
OccupationScholar and theologian
Senior posting
Influenced by
Influenced

Bishr al-Marisi (Arabic: بشر المريسي born 755, died 813) full name Abu 'Abd al-Rahman Bishr ibn Ghiyath ibn Abi Karimah al-Marisi[2] or simply Bishr ibn Ghiyath al-Marisi was a 9th-century religious scholar and theologian.[2][3][4] He was infamous for his controversial views which earned him the scorn of his contemporary Muslim scholars.[5][6][7]

Biography[edit]

Early life[edit]

Bishr's father, Ghiyath, was a Jewish slave or jeweller from Kufa[8][9] who had reverted to Islam and become a mawla of the Quraysh tribe.[10][5]

Pursuit of knowledge and asceticism[edit]

In adulthood, Bishr became an ascetic, and he took scholarly knowledge from Hanafi scholars, such as Abu Yusuf.[10][6][8] However, he later adopted the Jahmite views after he learned them from a group of Jahm bin Safwan's students.[9][11] Abu Yusuf disassociated with Bishr after finding out that he had Jahmite or Murji'ite tendencies.[6]

Bishr also conducted theological debates with Al-Shafi'i, and in his free time he made offensive melodies and poetry.

Death[edit]

Bishr al-Marisi died in the year 813.[5][9] According to Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, the people of Baghdad (whom were influenced by Bishr's opponents) rejoiced upon hearing news of his death.[12]

Criticism[edit]

Bishr al-Marisi was criticized and subsequently excommunicated by many scholars who lived contemporary to him, and after him.[6][8][4] The Shafi'ite jurist Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi wrote a book titled Naqd 'Uthman ibn Sa'id 'alal-Marisi al-Jahmi al-Anid, which was a detailed refutation of Bishr and his theology.[13][14] The Hanafite jurist Abd al-Aziz al-Kinani published a treatise titled Kitab al-Haydah, which served a similar purpose.[15][16] Some other scholars had murderous desires against him and attempted to incite violence against him.[17][18] One such example was Yazid ibn Harun, whom encouraged his neighbours to assault and kill Bishr.[13]

The Tabi' al-Tabi'een members, Sufyan ibn Uyaynah and Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak excommunicated Bishr al-Marisi.[6][17] Even Sufis like Bishr Hafi[6] did the same, and were harsh against Bishr's opinions especially his views on the createdness of the Qur'an and God's divine attributes. Abu Bakr al-Khallal also forbade people from praying behind Bishr al-Marisi.[17][11]

Praise[edit]

Despite the harsh criticisms from many scholars, Bishr al-Marisi was praised by the historian Al-Dhahabi, who regarded him as a brilliant speaker and debater.[10][9] Ibn al-Nadim regarded Bishr as a great ascetic who wrote books in refutation of the Kharijites and Shi'ites.[19][11] Later theologians like Ibn Furak, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi incorporated some of Bishr's theological principles into their own theological concepts.[6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322632962_Murjiism_of_Bishr_al-Marisi_an_essay_of_contextual_reconstruction
  2. ^ a b Gozashteh, Naser; Asatryan, Translated by Mushegh (2021-06-17), "Bishr al-Marīsī", Encyclopaedia Islamica, Brill, retrieved 2024-03-23
  3. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322632962_Murjiism_of_Bishr_al-Marisi_an_essay_of_contextual_reconstruction
  4. ^ a b "Bishr Al-Marîsî [died 218 Hijrah]: A Viscous Villain | Taarikh | SimplySalafiyyah.com". www.simplysalafiyyah.com. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  5. ^ a b c "بشر المريسي، الشيخ أبو عبد الرحمن بشر بن غياث بن أبي كَرِيمة المريسي الحنفي". marjah.net. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "وفاة بشر المريسي من رؤوس المعتزلة". dorar.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  7. ^ "بشر بن غياث المريسي - The Hadith Transmitters Encyclopedia". hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  8. ^ a b c "ص277 - كتاب وفيات الأعيان - بشر المريسي - المكتبة الشاملة". shamela.ws. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  9. ^ a b c d "Bishr al-Marisi". al-hakawati.net. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  10. ^ a b c "إسلام ويب - سير أعلام النبلاء - الطبقة العاشرة - المريسي- الجزء رقم10". www.islamweb.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  11. ^ a b c "Biography of Bishr al-Marisi".
  12. ^ al-Baghdadi, al-Khatib. "Tarikh Baghdad". HasbunAllaah. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  13. ^ a b "Naqd Uthman Ibn Said Ad Darimi | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  14. ^ رد الامام الدارمي على بشر المريسي المجلد.
  15. ^ Yahya, al-Kinani 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn (1964). Kitab al-haidah.
  16. ^ الكناني ،الامام, عبد العزيز بن يحيى (2007-01-01). كتاب الحيدة (قصة المناظرة بين المؤلف وبشر المريسي في مسألة خلق القرآن) (in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. ISBN 978-2-7451-5770-6.
  17. ^ a b c Ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abdullah. "Kitab as-Sunnah". Kitab As-Sunnah.
  18. ^ "إسلام ويب - البداية والنهاية - سنة ثمان عشرة ومائتين - من توفي فيها من الأعيان- الجزء رقم14". www.islamweb.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  19. ^ "Al-Nadim, Bayard Dodge - The Fihrist of Al-Nadim (Complete) | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Bishr_al-Marisi&oldid=1215358019"