Draft:Brazilian National Security Law

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The National Security Law is a legal document that countries establish to regulate rules related to national security, order and against social disturbances in their territories.[1]

  1. ^ SILVA, José Esperança (2008). A cooperação institucional e funcional entre as Forças Armadas e as Forças de Segurança: A capacidade das Forças Armadas para colaborar na prevenção e combate ao crime organizado e fazer face às ameaças terroristas. Os conceitos de segurança interna e segurança externa e as suas linhas de separação. TII CPOG. Lisboa: IESM

Functions of national security laws[edit]

National security laws include provisions to combat terrorism, guarantee public order, safety and tranquility, protect individuals and property, guard against separatist groups and their internal & external supporters, including their respective sponsors, prevent and combat criminality, and contribute to ensuring the normal functioning of democratic institutions, the regular exercise of rights and the adequate observance of the fundamental duties, freedoms and guarantees of citizens, respecting democratic legality.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

In Brazil[edit]

Opening clause of the Brazilian National Security Law(In Portuguese)

The National Security Law of Brazil is a law that aims to ensure the national security of the State against the subversion of law and order, the territorial integrity of the federation, and against national sovereignty. In Brazil, the legislation concerning the National Security Law (LSN, in Portuguese, Lei de Segurança Nacional) is Law No. 14,197, dated September 1, 2021[7], which added Title XII to the Special Part of Decree-Law No. 2,848, dated December 7, 1940 (Penal Code), concerning crimes against the Democratic Rule of Law. Brazil also has legislation against crimes against social order and the State provided by the wording of Law 1,802, dated January 5, 1953.

Since 1935, Brazil has had several national security laws.

  • Law No. 38, dated April 4, 1935.[8] was subsequently reinforced by Law No. 136, dated December 14 of the same year,[9] by Decree-Law 431, dated May 18, 1938[10] and by Decree-Law 4,766, dated October 1, 1942,[11] which defined military crimes and crimes against the security of the State.
  • Law No. 1,802, dated January 5, 1953.[12]
  • Decree-Law 314, dated March 13, 1967.[13] transformed the National Security Doctrine into legislation, which had become the foundation of the State after the military took over the government in 1964.
  • Decree-Law 898, dated September 29, 1969.[14] This National Security Law was the one that remained in force for the longest period during the military dictatorship.

During the military dictatorship, the first two versions of the National Security Law (those of 1967 and 1969) implemented, according to legal experts, the National Security Doctrine influenced by the Cold War. There was a pronounced concern to protect the State against an 'internal enemy'—in the case of Brazil, at that time, individuals committed to subverting the order, the prevailing regime, or the rule of law.

The main planners of this doctrine are highlighted as General Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro, who formulated it when he was Minister of War in 1934, and General Golbery do Couto e Silva, the main ideologue of the political-military movement of 1964, although he did not agree with the hardline group of the Brazilian Army.[15] After the end of World War II, Brazilian military personnel at the time were influenced by an ideological concept of 'national defense', through courses from American military institutions. This new conception within the Brazilian Armed Forces culminated in the creation of the Superior War School in Brazil, structured similarly to the American National War College. Such institutions were imposed by the United States of America in agreement with the armed forces of many countries in Latin America, within the context of the Cold War in the 20th century.[16]

In Portugal[edit]

In Portugal, the prevailing law comes from infraconstitutional positivation, specifically Law No. 31-A, dated July 7, 2009. Its objectives include guaranteeing the sovereignty of the State, national independence, and the territorial integrity of Portugal, as well as ensuring the freedom and security of the population and the protection of fundamental values ​​of the constitutional order against any external aggression or threat. It ensures compliance with the State's international commitments in the military domain, alligned with national interests.[20] This law is complemented by the Internal Security Law, which aims at internal security to eradicate disturbances against political and social order throughout the jurisdictional space subject to Portuguese State powers. It is intended, in particular, to protect the life and integrity of individuals, public peace, and the democratic order, notably against terrorism, violent or highly organized crime, sabotage, and espionage. It also aims to prevent and respond to serious accidents or disasters, defend the environment, and preserve public health.[21][22]

Opening clause of the National Security Act of 1947, a National Security legislation in force in the United States of America.

In the United States, the country's Congress created the National Security Act of 1947, a law aimed at promoting national security, which envisioned a Secretary of Defense; the establishment of a national military organization; the establishment of a Department of the Army, a Department of the Navy, and a Department of the Air Force; and the coordination of activities of the National Military Establishment with other departments and agencies of the Government involved in national security. The Patriot Act is one example of the U.S. National Security Law.[23]

See also[edit]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ MOREIRA, Adriano (1999). Teoria das Relações Internacionais. Lisboa: Almedina
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Lei nº 38, de 4 de abril de 1935.Define crimes contra a ordem política e social.
  9. ^ Lei nº 136, de 14 de Dezembro de 1935. Modifica vários dispositivos da Lei nº 38, de 4 de abril de 1935 e define novos crimes contra a ordem político social.
  10. ^ Decreto-Lei nº 431, de 18 de maio de 1938. Define crimes contra a personalidade internacional, a estrutura e a segurança do Estado e contra a ordem social.
  11. ^ Decreto-Lei nº 4.766, de 1º de outubro de 1942. Define crimes militares e contra a segurança do Estado, e dá outras providências.
  12. ^ Lei nº 1.802, de 5 de janeiro de 1953. Define os crimes contra o Estado e a Ordem Política e Social, e dá outras providências.
  13. ^ Decreto-Lei nº 314, de 13 de Março de 1967. Define os crimes contra a segurança nacional, a ordem política e social e dá outras providências.
  14. ^ "Decreto-Lei Nº 898, de 29 de setembro de 1969". Senado.gov.br. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14.
  15. ^ FICO, Carlos (2001). Como eles agiam: os subterrâneos da ditadura militar: espionagem e polícia política. p. 37 -42. ISBN 978-85-01-05984-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Priori, Angelo (2012). "O SUSTENTÁCULO DO REGIME: A DOUTRINA DE SEGURANÇA NACIONAL E OS ATOS INSTITUCIONAIS". eeh2012.anpuh-rs.org.br. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  17. ^ Lei nº 6.620, de 17 de dezembro de 1978. Define os crimes contra Segurança Nacional, estabelece sistemática para o seu processo e julgamento e dá outras providências.
  18. ^ Lei nº 7.170, de 14 de dezembro de 1983. Define os crimes contra a segurança nacional, a ordem política e social, estabelece seu processo e julgamento e dá outras providências.
  19. ^ "Entenda o que muda com a revogação da Lei de Segurança Nacional". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  20. ^ Lei n.º 31-A/2009 de 7 de Julho. Aprova a Lei de Defesa Nacional. Diário da República. Terça-feira, 7 de Julho de 2009. Número 129. Acesso em 21 de janeiro de 2017.
  21. ^ LUÍS, Antero. SEGURANÇA E DEFESA EM PORTUGAL – POTENCIALIDADES E CONSTRANGIMENTOS. Lisboa: Secretaria-Geral do Sistema de Segurança Interna, 2013.
  22. ^ Lei n.º 53/2008, de 29 de Agosto LEI DE SEGURANÇA INTERNA(versão actualizada)
  23. ^ Act of July 26, 1947 ("National Security Act"), Public Law 80-253, 61 STAT 495
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