Draft:Haman (Quran)

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Hāmān (arabic: هَـٰمَـٰن) in the Quran is described as a minister of Fir'aun who orders him to build towers from heated clay, he is also mentioned alongside Qarun as arrogant.[1][2] In the Book of Esther, he is given the epithet Agagite indicating that he was a descendent of Agag the King of Amalekites (arabic: هَـٰمَـٰن), and a vizier of Ahasuerus.[3] In Arabian history outside the Quran, Fir'aun is also described as having Amalekite ancestry, this is mentioned by Edward William Lane in his Lexicon.[4]

Criticism[edit]

While the Book of Esther affirms that Hāmān was an Amalekite[3], there are modern-day interpreters who [beyond the Quran] state that Hāmān is Title for the High Priest of Fir'awn, although Hāmān is a proper name in the Quran as it is used as such and is never used with the definitive article Al (arabic: ال) which means "The", yet these modern-day interpreters proclaim that Hāmān is an Arabization of the Egyptian title Ham-amana which means meaning servant of Amun, this name was found in the Temple of Luxor describing a high priest building Towers. However, there is no evidence for this claim made on linguistics.[5]

Archaeology[edit]

A Sabaic inscription in South Arabia mentions Hāmān written in Musnad script spelt very similar to the Arabic spelling.[6] Evidence that Hāmān is a native name to Arabia and not taken from Egypt or Persia.

Geography[edit]

The Quran states that Hāmān made towers from heated clay.[1] None of the towers and pyramids in Egypt are made completely from heated clay.[7] However, there are towers and castles in South Arabia that are built from heated mudbricks, these towers and castles could collapsed from weathering as they are made from heated mudbricks if they aren't well-preserved, becoming lost to history.[8][9] In 2015, some towers in the ancient city of Sana'a were destroyed by Saudi airstrikes.[10] There are many maps that show an area in South Arabia called Jabal Hāmān (Arabic: هَـٰمَـٰن), on a map from London 1699, Guebel Haman (Jabal Hāmān) is shown near the coast of Southern Arabia.[11][12]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "The Qur'an: A Complete Revelation". reader.quranite.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  2. ^ "The Qur'an: A Complete Revelation". reader.quranite.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  3. ^ a b "Esther 3 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers". biblehub.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  4. ^ "Lanes Lexicon". lexicon.quranic-research.net. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  5. ^ Ali, A. Historical Marvels in the Quran. p. 40.
  6. ^ "DASI: Digital Archive for the Study of pre-islamic arabian Inscriptions: Epigraph details". dasi.cnr.it. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  7. ^ Hawass, Zahi (2006). "Building a Pyramid". Archived from the original on 2009-02-14.
  8. ^ "This Ancient Mud Skyscraper City is the 'Manhattan of the Desert'". Travel. 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  9. ^ "Yemen war: Mud-brick Seiyun Palace 'at risk of collapse'". BBC News. 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  10. ^ Mezzofiore, Gianluca (2015-06-12). "Yemen: World's oldest 'skyscrapers' in Sana'a reduced to rubble by Saudi air strikes". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  11. ^ "A General Map of Arabia, with the Red Sea and Circumjacent land". raremaps.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  12. ^ "Jabal Haman (Haman Jabal) Map, Weather and Photos - Yemen: mountain - Lat:13.4125 and Long:44.3928". www.getamap.net. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
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