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Hawpa ڕێکخراوی هاوپایی نەتەوەیی کوردستان Organîzasyonî Hawpayî Neteweyî Kurdistan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PSNK |
| Founded | 2020 |
| Headquarters |  Erbil, Kurdistan |
| Membership | 500-1000 |
| Ideology | Anti-Arabism Anti-Iranism Anti-Turkism Kurdish nationalism Neo-Nazism Irredentism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Website | |
| https://hawpaofficial.org | |
Hawpa (Sorani Kurdish: هاوپا, romanized: Hāwpā, lit. 'accomplice or person of same type'), also Kurdish National Socialist organization (Kurmanji Kurdish: organîzasyon Sosyalîst a Neteweyî ya Kurdî), short form: "PSNK", is a Kurdish neo-Nazi[1] and anti-government underground movement[2][3] in the Kurdistan Region.
Hawpa was established on the first day of Nowruz in 2020.[4] Hawpa has undertaken a campaign to promote their belief that Arabs should be expelled from the Kurdistan Region, while Turkmen, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Aramean-Syriacs should be subject to genocide.[2][5]
Ideology[edit]
Hawpa claims its ideology belongs to the Third Position and strives for the establishment of a corporatist state.[6] Hawpa's ideology has its origins in the Hiwa Party (1939–1946) and the Kajik Party (1959–1975), which were founded on the basis of fascist and Nazi ideas. In addition, the ideology also refers to former Kurdish politicians and figures such as Ramzi Nafi Agha and Rafiq Hilmi.[citation needed]
Kurdên Nasyonalîst[edit]
Kurmanji Kurdish: Kurdên Nasyonalîst, lit. 'Nationalist Kurds'; gained initial recognition subsequent to their active participation in the 2022 Nowruz festival held in Diyarbakir. During the festival, they prominently brandished flags depicting their flag, along with flags adorned with the portraits of Qazi Muhammad and Ramzi Nafi Agha. There were reports indicating their perpetration of assaults targeting Turkish communists and members of the LGBT community.[2][7]
Kurdên Nasyonalîst and Hawpa have been accused of being one organisation.[8] in spite the two have denied such accusation.[citation needed] Kurdên Nasyonalîst has its own newsletters based on Instagram, posting most of it in the Turkish language.[9] Kurdên Nasyonalîst has gathered an unexpected amount of followers for its size, especially among youth in Turkish Kurdistan. With its followers active on multiple social media platforms, including Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook. While elements of neo-Nazi ideology exist within Kurdên Nasyonalîst, their overall nationalist political stance encompasses a wider spectrum compared to Hawpa. Notably, the official Kurdên Nasyonalîst Instagram account features visible Nazi and Falangist symbols.[9]
According to an article published by A Haber, it has been asserted that Kurdên Nasyonalîst represents a neo-Nazi faction within PKK, despite the fact that Kurdên Nasyonalîst explicitly denying of such characterization.[10]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Neo-Nazi Kurdish Hawpa Group Threatens to Exterminate Assyrians" (PDF). Fred Aprim. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
- ^ a b c Ural, Kemal (March 27, 2023). "Karanlık bir fikrin temelleri açığa çıktı: 'Kurden Nasyonalist'in kökeni kime dayanıyor?" [The foundations of a dark idea have been revealed: Who does the 'Kurden Nationalist' originale from?]. Demokrat Haber (in Turkish). Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ ئەندام. "هاوپا و نازییەت" [Hawpa and Nazism.]. Hawpa (Blog post.) (in Central Kurdish). Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
- ^ "Hawpa". Hawpa. Archived from the original on 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- ^ ئەندام. "ئاشوورییەكان" [The Assyrians.]. Hawpa. Archived from the original on 2023-07-23. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
- ^ ئەندام. "بۆ هاوپا ؟" [Why Hawpa?]. Hawpa. Archived from the original on 2023-07-23. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- ^ Önal, Barış (March 23, 2023). "Diyarbakır Nevruz'unda Kürt Nazi saldırısı" [Kurdish Nazi attack on Diyarbakir Newroz]. TELE1 (in Turkish). Archived from the original on May 4, 2024. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
- ^ "Newroz'da ortaya çıkan kürt nasyonalistler". MilatTV. Archived from the original on 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
- ^ a b "Kurdên Nasyonalist Instagram".
- ^ "Terör örgütü PKK'nın paravan örgütleri... PKK neden farklı isimlerde örgüt kuruyor? | ANALİZ" [Front organizations of the terrorist organization PKK... Why does PKK establish organizations under different names?]. Ahaber (in Turkish). August 4, 2023. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
- 2020 establishments in Iraq
- Anti-Arabism in the Middle East
- Anti-Iranian sentiments
- Anti-Turkish sentiment
- Anti-Zionism in Iraq
- Antisemitism in Iraq
- Far-right politics in Iraq
- Iraqi Kurdish organizations
- Kurdish nationalist organizations
- Neo-Nazi organizations
- Neo-Nazism in Asia
- Political organizations based in Iraq
- Political organizations established in 2020
- Third Position