Draft:Ontological insecurity
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Ontological insecurity[edit]
This article defines ontological insecurity with respect to prior existentialist literature and delineates the potential relationship between ontological insecurity and loneliness/anomie. It also reviews the circularity of ontological insecurity and relationships, citing how one can strengthen or weaken the other. Finally, the article discusses the gap in current research and the potential for future relationship research regarding ontological insecurity to properly understand its effects and importance.
Background[edit]
Ontological insecurity can be characterised by instability in one's personal identity and a lack of confidence and sense of ontological security. This contrasts ontological security, defined as a stable mental state derived from a sense of continuity and order in events.[1] Ontologically secure individuals are well-equipped with a stable sense of self within their own reality and surrounding realities.[2] The term 'ontological security' was coined by R.D. Laing and there exists a strong background in existentialist literature that influenced ontological security. Research on ontological security often surrounds addressing anxiety and other mental disorders.[3]
This article is intended to discuss ontological insecurity with regard to relationships, specifically its interactions and influence. Ontological insecurity can be viewed as a developed condition due to a variety of factors and is often linked to an ontological crisis, a particular instance of when one's reality shifts.
Loneliness and insecurity[edit]
There are multiple environments, social contexts, and factors that may influence ontological insecurity. For example, ontological insecurity can stem from long-term loneliness.[4] Loneliness is often contributed to the social norms and structures that we adhere to and follow.[5] Relating to loneliness is anomie,[6] a sense of uncertainty and alienation[7] that is derived from a lack of reconciliation between individual and social standards.[8] Recent research has elucidated on a new conceptualisation of anomie in which chronic disruptions that rest on the real or imagined dissolution of social relationships and on the real or imagined detachment to a social or physical reality, create pressure on an individual. This dissociation enables anomie to interact with other phenomena that can negatively impact social relationships, and cause an increase in other negative attitudes such as self-harm.[9] Anomie and loneliness in particular are associated with suicidality. Emile Durkheim, who introduced the term anomie, argued that suicide is a social problem resulting from the separation between individuals and society.[10] With the correlation between loneliness and anomie, anomie and normlessness, normlessness and relationships, we may critically evaluate how anomie can contribute to ontological insecurity. However, there is a gap in the current research literature regarding the intersection of these three concepts and how they may influence ontological insecurity. Focusing on bettering social skills, taking social opportunities, and surrounding yourself with individuals who share your interests are all steps one can take to reduce loneliness.[11]
Relationships[edit]
Ontological insecurity can have both positive and negative implications for relationships, and likewise relationships can influence ontological insecurity. Research in the UK has shown that friendship can impact and/or produce ontological insecurity. Friendship relationships can help us shape our own self-identity. Relationships, platonic or romantic, help protect us from loneliness and from the subsequent public health risks.[12] The associations and differences that we find between ourselves and our friends influence our construction of self-identities.[13] Our grounded sense of self is influenced by the construction of our identity with respect to our surroundings and neighbouring 'others'. More intricate and stronger friendships tie in our sense of self more, meaning that in getting to know others better we are also getting to know ourselves more. Following negative events such as the loss of a friendship, being or feeling excluded, and lacking mutual interactions, we are more likely to discredit ourselves for being a poor judge of character and we are more susceptible to these negative interactions impacting our insecurities and self-confidence.[14] Other research has examined the relationship between ontological insecurity and attachment style demonstrating a significant role of ontological insecurity accounting for variances in anxious or avoidant attachment.[15] The majority of current literature on ontological insecurity centres around sociological effects, international studies, and politics.[16][17][18][19]
References[edit]
- ^ Tony Bilton et al. (1996). Introductory Sociology. London, Macmillan, 3 ed., p665.
- ^ Laing, R.D. (1969). The Divided Self. Penguin Group. p. 39.
- ^ Gustafsson, Karl; Krickel-Choi, Nina C. (September 2020). "Returning to the roots of ontological security: insights from the existentialist anxiety literature". European Journal of International Relations. 26 (3): 875–895. doi:10.1177/1354066120927073. ISSN 1354-0661. S2CID 220719402.
- ^ "Loneliness", Wikipedia, 2023-02-17, retrieved 2023-03-02
- ^ Show’, ‘The Ezra Klein (2023-04-18). "Opinion | The 'Quiet Catastrophe' Brewing in Our Social Lives". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
- ^ "Anomie", Wikipedia, 2023-02-03, retrieved 2023-03-04
- ^ "Social alienation", Wikipedia, 2023-03-02, retrieved 2023-03-04
- ^ Marks, Stephen R. (1974). "Durkheim's Theory of Anomie". American Journal of Sociology. 80 (2): 329–363. doi:10.1086/225803. ISSN 0002-9602. JSTOR 2777505. S2CID 144540350.
- ^ Abrutyn, S. (2019). Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes De Sociologie, 60(1), 109-136. doi:10.1017/S0003975619000043
- ^ Rahmani, Mariam; Pumariega, Andres Julio; Prajapati, Parna; Dalkilic, Alican; Burakgazi-Yilmaz, Hatice; Unlu, Ali (2022-05-01). "Anomie, Loneliness, and Psychopathology: Results from the Study of Youth in Istanbul". World Social Psychiatry. 4 (2): 121. doi:10.4103/wsp.wsp_13_22. ISSN 2667-1077.
- ^ Godman, Heidi (2023-03-08). "3 ways to create community and counter loneliness". Harvard Health. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
- ^ Alifragis, George. "Council Post: The Future Of Work: Human Connectivity". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
- ^ Anthony, Amanda Koontz; McCabe, Janice (February 2015). "Friendship Talk as Identity Work: Defining the Self Through Friend Relationships: Friendship Talk". Symbolic Interaction. 38 (1): 64–82. doi:10.1002/symb.138.
- ^ Smart, C., Davies, K., Heaphy, B., & Mason, J. (2012). Difficult friendships and ontological insecurity. The Sociological Review, 60(1), 91–109. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02048.x
- ^ Marlowe, Nicholas I.; Nicholson Perry, Kathryn; Lee, Jacob (March 2020). "Ontological insecurity II: Relationship to attachment, childhood trauma, and subclinical psychotic-like experiences". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 76 (3): 440–460. doi:10.1002/jclp.22905. ISSN 0021-9762. PMID 31800105. S2CID 208621566.
- ^ Cash, John (2017-07-03). "The dilemmas of ontological insecurity in a postcolonising Northern Ireland". Postcolonial Studies. 20 (3): 387–410. doi:10.1080/13688790.2017.1391671. ISSN 1368-8790. S2CID 148981175.
- ^ Ejdus, Filip (2018-09-01). "Critical situations, fundamental questions and ontological insecurity in world politics". Journal of International Relations and Development. 21 (4): 883–908. doi:10.1057/s41268-017-0083-3. ISSN 1581-1980. S2CID 256516461.
- ^ Croft, Stuart (2012-08-01). "Constructing Ontological Insecurity: The Insecuritization of Britain's Muslims". Contemporary Security Policy. 33 (2): 219–235. doi:10.1080/13523260.2012.693776. ISSN 1352-3260. S2CID 144442674.
- ^ Cash, John (July 2020). "Psychoanalysis, cultures of anarchy, and ontological insecurity". International Theory. 12 (2): 306–321. doi:10.1017/S1752971920000147. ISSN 1752-9719. S2CID 225607655.