Draft:Pravishte massacres
| Submission declined on 14 February 2024 by The Herald (talk). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified. If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners and Citing sources. This submission does not appear to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. Entries should be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources. Please rewrite your submission in a more encyclopedic format. Please make sure to avoid peacock terms that promote the subject.
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Comment: Needs rewrite. Also, need more citations, especially inline citations in the massacre section. The Herald (Benison) (talk) 05:44, 14 February 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: Hi, I don't think the tone is like that. After all, this is a massacre and there is no way to talk about spring and flowers. Things written on the page have sources. If there is anything without source (I looked but couldn't see), please say. Thanks for the feedback! User:Kessarevo
- Comment: Hi, I don't think the tone is like that. After all, this is a massacre and there is no way to talk about spring and flowers. Things written on the page have sources. If there is anything without source (I looked but couldn't see), please say. Thanks for the feedback! User:Kessarevo
- Comment: I agree with the reviewer above. Weasel words need to be removed before this article is published. Paul Vaurie (talk) 05:42, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: Seems acceptable overall, tone is concerning at the same time. The main concern is that weasel words are used frequently, sometimes without a source. Eternal Shadow Talk 17:35, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: Hi, I don't think the tone is like that. After all, this is a massacre and there is no way to talk about spring and flowers. Things written on the page have sources. If there is anything without source (I looked but couldn't see), please say. Thanks for the feedback! User:Kessarevo
| Pravishte massacres | |
|---|---|
| Part of Balkan Wars | |
| Native name | Pravişte katliamları |
| Location | Kaza of Pravishte (today Pangaio) |
| Date | 1913 |
Attack type | Massacre, rape, execution |
| Deaths | 195 |
| Victims | Turks |
| Perpetrators | Greeks and Bulgarians |
| Motive | Anti-Turkish sentiment Islamophobia |
The Pravishte massacres are one of the most well-documented massacres of the Turkish civilian population during the Balkan Wars. The massacres took place in the Kaza of Pravishte, now Pangaio. The Bulgarians only took part in the massacre that took place in the town, but the murders in the villages were committed by the Greeks. 195 people were killed, most of them imams and educated men. During the massacres, the kaza's population decreased by nearly 7,000 people. The orders for the killings were given by the local municipal council headed by the Greek bishop.
The massacre has been recorded in both Turkish and Russian archives. The Carnegie Commission also mentions the massacre, as the local Muslim population formed a commission and sent a letter describing the murders and the participants.[1][2]
Background[edit]
The Balkan Wars began in October 1912, when the Balkan states declared war on the Ottoman Empire. The First Balkan War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan countries of Montenegro, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece. The desire of the Balkan countries was to separate Macedonia, since each country had different claims to it. After the Ottoman Empire lost the region of Macedonia, the Second Balkan War ensued, which was fought between the Allies, who could not share the territories that had been cut off from the empire.[2]
During the Balkan Wars, mass massacres were conducted against different peoples and religions. Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire engaged in massacres of the civilian population, burning, and sometimes even total destruction of villages.[3]
The massacre[edit]
With Panayot Baichev band's participation, Pravishte fell under Bulgarian control in 1912, 31 October during the First Balkan War. Full Bulgarian control was established in the city, and the military commandant was Petar Baichev.[4] The villagers around Pravishte, and Kavala and Serres as well, were short of food and lived in misery.[5] During the Second Balkan War in 1913, Pravishte fell under Greek rule.[4]
The massacre in Pravishte began after the withdrawal of the Ottoman army on October 24, 1913. It was carried out by local Greeks and Bulgarians.[2] A total of 195 people were killed and the names of the dead are recorded in the Russian and Turkish archives, but this information is not mentioned in the Report.
The Greeks, taking advantage of the war conditions, began to produce justifications, especially to punish the Turks. The orders for the executions were received by the municipal council of Pravishte headed by the bishop Nicolas, the grocer Myriacos Mihail and others. The death sentences were approved by the Greek archbishop and were valid for the town of Pravishte and it's villages.
In Pravishte[edit]
A total of 10 Turks, including one woman, were killed in the city. Every time there was a murder, the Greek students would start singing the Greek national anthem. Baychev's band, local Bulgarian voivoda, took part in the massacre. It is was carried out in the locality of Kadik Başı and Kaynarca. The daughter of the commander of the gendarmeries, Suleiman Effendi, was threatened by the Greek bishop to convert to Christinaty but she was saved by Bulgarian. Looting had taken place, the losses being about 6,000 pоunds.
In villages[edit]
In 23 villages, a variety of murders were committed. Numerous animals, jewels and money were stolen. There were cases of rape and forced conversion of women. The bandits gave part of the money and animals for the benefit of the Greek church, and kept the rest. The largest number of people were killed in the village of Giran, Samalcol, Mouchtian and Esirli.[2][1]
| Name of the village | Killed people | Stolen animals | Stolen money | Preparators | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouchtian | 25 | 3,000 pounds | Myriacos Mihail's band and local Greeks | ||
| Samalcol | 21 | 10,000 pounds | Miltiades Machopoulos and Leonidas,
both were from Myriacos Mihail band |
||
| Giran | 21 | 600 for the Greek church,
2,400 for the Greeks |
3,000 pounds | Greeks of Nikchan | |
| Esirli | 19 | 1,500 pounds | Greeks of Casroub | ||
| Pethor | 14 | 1,500 pounds | grocer Myriacos Mihail
Panahi, priest of Boblan Miltiades Machopoulos |
the money was stolen by local Greeks | |
| Çiflik | 10 | 1,000 pounds | Greeks of Casroub | ||
| Ahadlar | 9 | 258 pounds | Greeks of Casroub | the same Greeks who participated in
the Çiftlik massacre | |
| Dedebal | 8 | 1,000 pounds | Myriacos Mihail's band | ||
| Boblan | 8 | 800 pounds | Myriacos Mihail's band | the band was sent by the bishop | |
| Palihor | 6 | Demosthnese's band,
Greeks of Palihor |
one woman was raped | ||
| Osmanli | 6 | 1,500 pounds | Greeks of Holo | ||
| Kale Çiftlik | 5 | all | |||
| Devekıran | 5 | 500 pounds | Greeks of Pravishte | ||
| Sarılı | 5 | 1,000 sheep and goats | Greeks of Pethor | ||
| Carpan | 4 | 500 pounds | Myriacos Mihail's band | the band was sent by the bishop;
the robbery was done by the local Greeks and later the army also joined; women were raped | |
| Leftera | 4 | 2,000 sheep | 500 pounds | Greeks | a woman who converted to Islam 50 years ago was
forced to return to Christianity again, after the refusal she was lynched |
| Rahimli | 3 | Greeks of Holo | |||
| Orphano | 3 | Greeks | |||
| Deranli | 3 | 3,000 pounds | Myriacos Mihail's band | ||
| Çanaklı | 2 | 200 sheep and a mule | Greeks of Holo | ||
| Drama | 2 | Greeks of Pravishte | |||
| Kochkar | 2 | 1,000 pounds | Greeks of Drazeni | the cattle was seized by the priests of Nozle
Pomak village | |
| Koçan | 1 | "to satisfy the vengeance of the
bishop and of the priest Nicholas" | |||
| Dranich | 1,000 sheep and seven
goats |
2,000 pounds | Greeks of Nikchan and Palihor | ||
| Micheli | many | 3,000 pounds | Demosthene's band,
local Greeks |
Later[edit]
During the Greek population census in 1915, a decrease in the population of Pravishte was recorded due to the massacre and migration.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars (PDF). 1914.
- ^ a b c d Demiroğlu, Hasan (2013). "Birinci Balkan Savaşı Başlarında Makedonya'da Yunan Mezalimini Gösteren Örnek bir Arşiv Vesakası". Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (in Turkish). 3 (5).
- ^ Ümit Üngör, Uğur (2015). "Mass violence against civilians during the Balkan Wars". The Wars before The Great War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 76–91. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107478145.005. ISBN 9781107478145.
- ^ a b Генов, Георги (2007). Беломорска Македония (1908-1916) (PDF).
- ^ Papaioannou, Stefan (2012). BALKAN WARS BETWEEN THE LINES: VIOLENCE AND CIVILIANS IN MACEDONIA, 1912-1918 (PDF).
- ^ Zelengora, Georgi. Balkan Savaşı - Kitlesel Ölüm ve Etnik Temizlik.