Draft:Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin

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Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin (7 March 1913 – 1 January 2006) was an Indonesian ulama, politician, and author.

Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin
Zakaria in 1986
Born(1913-03-07)7 March 1913
Bangkinang, Kampar Regency, Dutch East Indies
Died1 January 2006(2006-01-01) (aged 92)
Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia
Burial placeTaman Makam Islam Harapan
NationalityIndonesian
Occupations
  • Ulama
  • politician
  • author
Political partyMasyumi Party (1943–1960)
United Development Party (1974–1986)
Spouse(s)
Mariah binti Ahmad
​
​
(m. 1933; died 1955)​

Siti Zainab
​
(m. 1956)​
Children13

Life and career[edit]

1913–1929: Early life and education[edit]

Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin was born on 7 March 1913 in Bangkinang, Kampar Regency, as the eldest child and son of the three children of Taraima and Muhammad Amin, a trading couple from Kuok.[1][2][3] He has two brothers, Hasyim and Ahmad. Zakaria also has three paternal half siblings, a brother, Ahmad Sanusi, and two sisters, Siti Mariam and Syarafiah. All of his siblings later became a Malaysian citizens in the 1960s and resided in Kuala Lumpur.[4][5]

At the age of 9, he learned to playing gambus gave by his father and singing zapin music which earned him a nickname as the best gambus player.[6] Zakaria spent his childhood by herding buffalos in the rice field owned by his family and wake at 04:00 AM every day to help his parents prepare merchandise.[7][8] He also plays marbles, kites, and occasionally swims in the Kampar River with his friends.[9][10]

In 1920, at the age of seven, Zakaria started his education by enrolled at Volks School in Bangkinang until dropout at the third grade due to lack of interest.[11] In 1923, he was brought by his maternal uncle and aunt to Mecca in order to doing Hajj.[11] After arrived there, the became acquainted with pilgrims from British Malaya and then sent Zakaria to study with sheikh there, such as Ali Al-Maliki, Syekh Umar Al-Turki, Umar Hamdan, Ahmad Fathoni, and Syekh Muhammad Amin Quthbi.[12] Zakaria various Islamic sciences using the halaqa method, including knowledge of the Quran, tafsir, hadith and it studies, tauhid, balagah, and qonafi.[12]. He also studied to Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, a Shafi'i school Imam at Masjidil Haram, who was also the teacher of Ahmad Dahlan (founder of Muhammadiyah) and Hasyim Asy'ari (founder of Nahdlatul Ulama).[12]

After completed his study in Mecca, Zakaria moved to Temerloh, Pahang, and continued his education there to Muhammad Saleh for six years until his death.[12] During this study period, he studied Al-Ajurrumiyya and succeeded in mastering it completely.[12] Zakaria then moved from Pasir Mas to Kuala Lipis and resided there until the region flood at the end of 1929.[12] He along with several friends later moved to Bengkalis, Central Sumatra, and lived at Parit Bangkong Grand Mosque under the vice of Tuan Guru Haji Ahmad and continued his education there.[13]

1929–1943: Early career[edit]

In 1929, at the age of 16, Zakaria started his career as a teacher at Parit Bangkong Grand Mosque lead by Tuan Guru Haji Ahmad along with several of his friends, such as Muhammad Toha, Muhammad Sidik, and Muhammad Ismail.[14] In 1930, a year after returning from British Malaya, Zakaria published a book titled Balqurramhi fi Sunniyyati Qunut Subhi which discussed the issue of using the qunut prayer in the morning prayer which at that time was being discussed in the community. In 1932, he published a book titled Masalah Usholli Dalam Salat in At-Tabib magazine in Cikampek, West Java.[15]

In 1933, Zakaria married Ahmad's daughter, Mariah. They had seven children, three sons Nashruddin, Azrai'e, and Syakrani, and four daughters, Aminah, Zaharah, Ulfah, and Hanim.[16] After marriage, they moved to Bagan Datuk, Perak, to continued Zakaria's Islamic education.[14]

In 1937, Zakaria returned to Bengkalis and established Al-Khairiyah boarding school located at Sulthan Syarif Kasim street and became the school principal with a classical method.[14] Al-Khairiyah was the first boarding school in Bengkalis with the students came from various regions, including Selat Panjang, Bagan Siapi-api, Rupat, Tanah Putih, Merbau, Sungai Apit, Bukit Batu, and Bangkinang.[17] The school operated until the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies reaching Bengkalis in 1943 and the students were sent back to their respective homeland.[14][18]

In 1939, Zakaria returned to writing by published two books in Hidah Benar magazine in British Malaya, with the first being titled Rakaat Salat Sunah Tarawih and the second being Kumpulan Khutbah Jum'at dan Hari Raya Sebanyak Dua Belas Judul Khutbah.[19] Due to Zakaria's nomadic life, all of his books were considered lost.[20]

1943–1949: Japanese occupation and military career[edit]

During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Zakaria led a resistance movement in Bengkalis along with Abdullah Nur and motivate people by using themes bubbul watan minal iman.[21] In 1945, they formed "Sumpah Setia Perjuangan" with community leaders from across religions represented by Kadhi Ahmad Khatib from the Islamic side and Joseph Hutabarat from the Christian side.[21] Zakaria then assisted the Indonesian Rebellion Force in defending towns and villages in Bengkalis Regency.[21]

During Operation Product, Zakaria led a resistance movement as a titular mayor.[22] In 1949, he led a resistance movement together with Indonesian National Armed Forces against the Dutch military troops.[17] When the troops moved to Dumai, Zakaria again led the resistance movement.[17] He was the leader of Sabilillah People's Army and Chairman of the Bengkalis Regency People's Struggle Agency during the fight with dutch troops in Bengkalis.[23]

1949–1960: Post war and early political career[edit]

In December 1949, Zakaria was appointed by Bengkalis Regent Muhammad as Head of Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bengkalis Regency.[24]. In 1950, he became the first person to be appointed as Head of Bengkalis Regency Religious Affairs Office and served until 1972.[24]. Zakaria later joined Masyumi Party and served as member of House of Representatives.[25][17]

During the preparation for Indonesian Decentralization Conference which was held in Bandung, West Java, on 10–14 March 1955, Zakaria chaired the plenary session held by the House of Representatives in Bengkalis on 25 February and decided to convey demands regarding the recognition of Riau as a province.[26] He then became a representative from Bengkalis Regency at the House of Representatives conference in Riau on 7 August which resulted in a decision to demand the autonomous status of Riau.[26] He was then sent as a delegate of Riau to meet the Central Government.[27]. On 9 August 1957, after two years of diplomation, Riau autonomous status was granted with the promulgation of the Republic of Indonesia Emergency Law Number 19 of 1957 about the formation of West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau.[27]

After Mariah's death from illness, Zakaria was remarried to Siti Zainab, in Bengkalis, Riau.[28] They had six children, three sons Zulkarnain, Nukman, and Gamal, and three daughters, Rita, Nida, and Sri.[11]

On 15 August 1960, Masyumi party was banned by President Sukarno which made Zakaria moved to Nahdlatul Ulama.[25]

1960–2006: Later years and death[edit]

Zakaria in December 1969

On 17 July 1963, Zakaria established MDTA Mahbatul Ulum, an Islamic school successor to Al-Khairiyah boarding school with the aim of improving the quality of the young generation in Bengkalis.[24][17] He then became an educator at several mosques in Bengkalis Regency, including Parit Bangkong Grand Mosque, Jami Kelapapati Mosque, Raudhatul Jannah Damon Mosque, and Kayu Manis Mosque.[24]

In 1964, Zakaria was appointed as judge of Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an in Bengkalis Regency and served until his death. He worked as a lecturer at the Department of Religious Teacher Education at YPPI Bengkalis on the same year until the campus was closed in 1970.[24] In 1974, Zakaria was appointed as member of advisory board for United Development Party and served until 1986.[24] He was also appointed as administrator for Nahdlatul Ulama.[24]

In 1974, Zakaria established Haji Zakaria Mosque which was constructed from a land donated by Abbas.[29] The place was later renamed as Al-Ishlah Mosque in 1982 and used by community for worship and other socio religious activities.[29]

Zakaria died in Bengkalis, Riau, on 1 January 2006 at the age of 92.[30] He was buried at Taman Makam Islam Harapan on the same day.[30]

Legacy[edit]

In 2023, Zakaria was named as the Regional Hero of Riau from Bengkalis Regency for his contributions in fighting for independence, the formation of provinces, and education.[31][32][33]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Anuwar 1991, p. 55.
  2. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 143.
  3. ^ Zakaria, Arsip (2024-03-30). "Mengenang Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin: Ulama Karismatik asal Daerah Biasa dengan Kontribusi Luar Biasa". KOMPASIANA (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-04-12.
  4. ^ Anuwar 1991, p. 64.
  5. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 146.
  6. ^ "The Rain and Zapin in Bengkalis". Tempo. 2007. p. 37. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  7. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 143–144.
  8. ^ Anuwar 1991, p. 55–56.
  9. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 144–145.
  10. ^ Anuwar, 1991 & 56–57.
  11. ^ a b c Fariq 2020, p. 147.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Fariq 2020, p. 148.
  13. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 148–149.
  14. ^ a b c d Fariq 2020, p. 149.
  15. ^ Fariq 2022, p. 152.
  16. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 146, 149.
  17. ^ a b c d e Pahlefi & 2022 135. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTEPahlefi2022135" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  18. ^ Pahlefi 2022, p. 134.
  19. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 153.
  20. ^ Anuwar 1991, p. 73.
  21. ^ a b c Pahlefi 2022, p. 158.
  22. ^ Fariq 2022, p. 150.
  23. ^ Wilaela 2023, p. 68.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Fariq 2020, p. 150.
  25. ^ a b Fariq 2020, p. 156. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTEFariq2020156" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  26. ^ a b Pahlefi 2022, p. 187. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTEPahlefi2022187" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  27. ^ a b Pahlefi & 2022 188.
  28. ^ Fariq 2020, p. 146–147.
  29. ^ a b Wilaela 2023, p. 69.
  30. ^ a b Fariq 2020, p. 158.
  31. ^ "Almarhum Tabrani Rab Hingga Maimanah Umar Terima Anugerah di HUT Riau". Tribunpekanbaru.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  32. ^ "Surat Keputusan Gubernur Riau Tentang Penetapan Tokoh dan Pejuang Daerah Riau Tahun 2023". Gubernur Riau (in Indonesian). 2023-08-01. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  33. ^ Admin (2023-09-20). "Kepala Kantor Kementerian Agama Kab. Bengkalis Hadiri Tasyakuran Penganugerahan Alm Haji. Zakaria Bin Haji Muhammad Amin Sebagai Tokoh dan Pejuang Daerah Riau Tahun 2023". Kemenag Bengkalis (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-04-06.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin at IMDb

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