Eight-thousander

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The eight-thousanders are the fourteen independent^[1] mountains on Earth that are more than 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) high above sea level. They are all located in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in Asia.

The first recorded attempt on an eight-thousander took place on the expedition by Albert F. Mummery, and J. Norman Collie to Nanga Parbat in Pakistan in 1895; this ended in failure, when Mummery and two Gurkhas, Ragobir and Goman Singh, were killed by an avalanche.

The first recorded successful ascent of an eight-thousander was by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, who reached the summit of Annapurna on June 3, 1950.

The first person to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders was Reinhold Messner. He completed this task on October 16, 1986. A year later, in 1987, Jerzy Kukuczka became the second climber to accomplish this feat. As of 2009^[update], a total of sixteen people have followed through undisputed. This is an extremely hazardous feat; at least four people have died while in pursuit of this goal. The man who has climbed the mountains of this category most times is Juanito Oiarzabal; a total of 23 times since 1985 to 2009.

[edit] List of eight-thousanders^[2][3]

Peak	Height	Location	First ascent	First ascensionist(s)	First ascent in winter	First ascensionist(s) in winter	Ascents	Deaths	Death rate	Death rate before 1990*	Death rate since 1990*
Everest	8848 m	Nepal/China	29 May 1953	Edmund Hillary Tenzing Norgay	17 Feb 1980	Krzysztof Wielicki Leszek Cichy	3684	210	5.70%	37%	4.4%
K2	8611 m	Pakistan[4]	31 Jul 1954	Achille Compagnoni Lino Lacedelli			284	66	23.24%	41%	19.7%
Kangchenjunga	8586 m	Nepal/India	25 May 1955	George Band Joe Brown	11 Jan 1986	Krzysztof Wielicki Jerzy Kukuczka	209	40	21.4%	21%	22%
Lhotse	8516 m	Nepal/China	18 May 1956	Fritz Luchsinger Ernst Reiss	31 Dec 1988	Krzysztof Wielicki	221	11	3.43%	14%	2%
Makalu	8485 m	Nepal/China	15 May 1955	Jean Couzy Lionel Terray	09 Feb 2009	Simone Moro Dennis Urubko	234	26	11.11%	16%	8.5%
Cho Oyu	8188 m	Nepal/China	19 Oct 1954	Joseph Joechler Pasang Dawa Lama Herbert Tichy	12 Feb 1985	Maciej Berbeka Maciej Pawlikowski Jerzy Kukuczka	2668	39	1.46%
Dhaulagiri	8167 m	Nepal	13 May 1960	Kurt Diemberger Peter Diener Nawang Dorje Nima Dorje Ernst Forrer Albin Schelbert	21 Jan 1985	Andrzej Czok Jerzy Kukuczka	358	58	16.20%	31%	11%
Manaslu	8163 m	Nepal	09 May 1956	Toshio Imanishi Gyalzen Norbu	14 Jan 1984	Maciej Berbeka Ryszard Gajewski	297	53	17.85%	35.16%	13.42%
Nanga Parbat	8126 m	Pakistan	03 Jul 1953	Hermann Buhl			287	64	22.30%	77%	5.5%
Annapurna	8091 m	Nepal	03 Jun 1950	Maurice Herzog Louis Lachenal	03 Feb 1987	Jerzy Kukuczka Artur Hajzer	153	58	42.85%	66%	19.7%
Gasherbrum I	8080 m	Pakistan[4]	05 Jul 1958	Andrew Kauffman Pete Schoening			265	25	9.43%	15.5%	8.75%
Broad Peak	8051 m	Pakistan[4]	09 Jun 1957	Fritz Wintersteller Marcus Schmuck Kurt Diemberger Hermann Buhl			359	19	5.29%	5%	8.6%
Gasherbrum II	8034 m	Pakistan[4]	08 Jul 1956	Fritz Moravec Josef Larch Hans Willenpart			836	19	2.27%	7.8%	0.44%
Shishapangma	8027 m	China	02 May 1964	Hsu Ching Chang Chun-yen Wang Fu-zhou Chen San Cheng Tien-liang Wu Tsung-yue Sodnam Doji Migmar Trashi Doji Yonten	14 Jan 2005	Piotr Morawski Simone Moro	274	23	8.39%	2%	16.8%

^* As of September 2003, data from Chinese National Geography 2006.8, page 77.

[edit] Verified climbers who have reached the summit of all 14 eight-thousanders^[5]

Field 0₂ lists people who have peaked all 14 without bottled oxygen.

Order accomplished	All without O2 (order)	Name	Period	born	at age	Nationality
1	1	Reinhold Messner	1970-1986	1944	42	Italian
2		Jerzy Kukuczka	1979-1987	1948	39	Polish
3	2	Erhard Loretan	1982-1995	1959	36	Swiss
4		Carlos Carsolio	1985-1996	1962	33	Mexican
5		Krzysztof Wielicki	1980-1996	1950	46	Polish
6	3	Juanito Oiarzabal	1985-1999	1956	43	Spanish
7		Sergio Martini	1983-2000	1949	51	Italian
8		Young Seok Park	1993-2001	1963	38	Korean
9		Hong Gil Um	1988-2001	1960[6]	40	Korean
10	4	Alberto Iñurrategi	1991-2002[7]	1968	33	Spanish
11		Wang Yong Han	1994-2003	1966	37	Korean
12	5[8]	Ed Viesturs	1989-2005	1959	46	American
13	6[9][10][11]	Silvio Mondinelli	1993-2007	1958	49	Italian
14	7[12]	Ivan Vallejo	1997-2008	1959	49	Ecuador
15	8 [13]	Denis Urubko	2000-2009	1973	35	Kazakhstan
16		Ralf Dujmovits	1990-2009	1961[14]	47	German

[edit] Disputed

Disputes occur when not enough evidence was provided to claim the climb up to the highest peak.

Name	Period	born	at age	Nationality
Alan Hinkes (Cho Oyu 1990[15][16])	1987-2005	1954	53	British
Fausto De Stefani (Lhotse 1997[17])	1983-1998	1952	46	Italy
Vladislav Terzyul	1993-2002(died)	1953	49	Ukrainian

[edit] Climbers and 8000 peaks (As of July 14, 2009)

Source: Climbers with 10 to 14 MAIN 8000ers in www.8000ers.com at [1]

13 Fausto De Stefani (ITA)
13 Abele Blanc (ITA)
13 Christian Kuntner (ITA)
13 Alan Hinkes (UK)
13 Norbert Joos (SUI)
13 Piotr Pustelnik (POL)
13 Bianba Zaxi (CHN)
13 Cering Doje (CHN)
13 Luoze (CHN)
13 Andrew Lock (AUS)
13 Veikka Gustafsson (FIN)
13 João Garcia (POR)

12 Hans Kammerlander (ITA)
12 Félix Iñurrategi (ESP)--summited Gasherbrum II but died on descent
12 Vladislav Terzyul (UKR)--summited Makalu but died on descent
12 Rena (CHN)
12 Serguey Bogomolov (RUS)
12 Iñaki Ochoa de Olza (ESP)
12 Maxut Zhumayev (KAZ)
12 Vassili Pivtsov (KAZ)
12 Edurne Pasaban (ESP), female
12 Hirotaka Takeuchi (JPN)
12 Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner (AUT), female
12 Oh Eun-Sun (KOR), female

11 Jean-Christophe Lafaille (FRA)
11 Nives Meroi (ITA), female
11 Romano Benet (ITA)
11 Serap Jangbu Sherpa (NEP)
11 Go Mi-Sun sometimes spelled Ko Mi Young (KOR), female--summited Nanga Parbat but died on descent

10 Viktor Groselj (SLO)
10 Benoit Chamoux (FRA)
10 Oh Hee-Jun (KOR)
10 Mario Panzeri (ITA)
10 Kim Jae-Soo (KOR)

[edit] Gallery

Everest	K2	Kangchenjunga	Lhotse
Makalu	Cho Oyu	Dhaulagiri	Manaslu
Nanga Parbat	Annapurna	Gasherbrum I	Broad Peak
Gasherbrum II	Shishapangma

[edit] Notes

[edit] See also

• List of highest mountains
• List of deaths on eight-thousanders

• Seven Summits
• Seven Second Summits
• Volcanic Seven Summits
• Three Poles Challenge
• Explorers Grand Slam, also known as The Adventurers Grand Slam

[edit] External links

• Site dedicated to the 8000m peaks and mountaineers
• Pictures of 8'000 meter peaks
• Map in GeoFinder.ch showing the locations of the main summits