Exophthalmos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Exophthalmos | |
| Classification and external resources | |
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|---|---|
| Patient with bilateral exophthalmos, as well as strabismus (asymmetrical eye alignment). | |
| ICD-10 | H05.2 |
| ICD-9 | 376.2-376.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 18612 |
| MedlinePlus | 003033 |
| eMedicine | oph/616 |
| MeSH | D005094 |
Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmia) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' Disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor). Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer. Complete or partial dislocation from the orbit is also possible from trauma or swelling of surrounding tissue resulting from trauma.
In the case of Graves' Disease, the displacement of the eye is due to abnormal connective tissue deposition in the orbit and extraocular muscles which can be visualized by CT or MRI.[1]
If left untreated, exophthalmos can cause the eye lids to fail to close during sleep leading to corneal dryness and damage. The process that is causing the displacement of the eye may also compress the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery leading to blindness.
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[edit] Exophthalmos vs. proptosis
Some sources define exophthalmos as a protrusion of the globe greater than 18 mm and proptosis as a protusion equal to or less than 18 mm. (Epstein et al., 2003). Others define "exophthalmos" as protrusion secondary to endocrine dysfunction and "proptosis" as any non-endocrine-mediated protrusion [1].
[edit] Causes
Anophthalmos Leukemias Cellulitis, Orbital Meningioma, Sphenoid Wing Dacryoadenitis Mucormycosis Dermoid, Orbital Fracture, Apex Duane Syndrome Orbital Fracture, Floor Fistula, Carotid Cavernous Orbital Fracture, Medial Wall Glaucoma, Juvenile Orbital Fracture, Zygomatic Globe Retraction Ptosis, Adult, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, Hemangioma, Cavernous Ptosis, Congenital Horner Syndrome Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
[edit] Exophthalmos in dogs
Exophthalmos is commonly found in dogs. It is seen in brachycephalic (short nosed) dog breeds because of the shallow orbit. However, it can lead to keratitis secondary to exposure of the cornea. Exophthalmos is commonly seen in the Pug, Boston Terrier, Pekingese, and Shih Tzu.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Owen Epstein, David Perkin, John Cookson, David P de Bono (April 2003). Clinical examination (3rd edition ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 0-7234-3229-5.
[edit] External links
- -1724579834 at GPnotebook
- Can the human eyeball be knocked out of the head?
- Alternative Treatment & Natural Cures for Exophthalmos
