Jesse H. Bunnell
Jesse H. Bunnell | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 28.11.1843 |
| Died | 09.02.1899 |
Jesse H. Bunnell (November 28, 1843 – February 9, 1899) was a telegraphist, famous for his speed record in telegraph transmission, inventor, known for construction of different telegraph keys.[1][2]
Biography[edit]
Starting career in telegraphy[edit]
Jesse Bunnell was born on 28 November 1843, in Massillion. At the age of 11 he became a messenger, at 13 he became a full-time telegraph operator. At 17 he set a telegraph speed record, established while transmitting President Buchanan's last message to Congress. The speed was about 32 words per minute for 2 hours.
Service during the Civil War[edit]
Jesse was among first telegraphers, assigned to serve in United States Military Telegraph Corps. At the beginning of the Civil War, while he had been in Washington, he could serve for Abraham Lincoln himself, who was a constant visitor of telegraph office in USMT.[3]
In December 1862 several telegraph operators signed and sent a petition to the USMT headquarters asking for an increase in payment. Jesse took part in that strike, but telgraphers were threatened with charges. Even though their demands were rejected, strikers managed to rise avareness to their working conditions.
From June 1862 to August 1864, Bunnell served as General McClellan's personal telegraph operator, and with Sherman's Army of the Cumberland. Jesse resigned at 16 August in 1864.[1]
Improvements in telegraphy[edit]
From 1864 to 1872 he formed a partnership with James Partrick, later, from 1875 to 1878, he worked for L. G. Tillotson and Co. In 1878, Jesse created his own company, J. H. Bunnell and Co. Jesse constantly developed telegraphic instruments. In 1868 he received a patent for telegraph repeater,[4] printing telegraph,[5] created different telegraph sounders[6] and improved telegraph switchboard.[2][7]
He is famous for his steel lever key, which was patented on 15 February 1881.[8] In 1888, Bunnell invented his double speed key, which was later called "sideswiper" to help telegraphists avoid a "glass arm" (carpal tunnel syndrome).[1]
Other inventions[edit]
Bunnell tried to use enema as a weapon. He patented an enema, which could be used for self defence by cyclists against violent persons or dogs.[2][9]
Death and heritage[edit]
Bunnell died of heart failure on 9 February 1899. He was buried in Brooklyn's garden Greenwood Cemetery.
Bunnell and Co. was one of the largest telegraph key suppliers in USA before the World War II. As one of the country's main telegraphic manufacturers, examples of Bunnell's telegraph equipment can be found in the Smithsonian's Museum of American History, various railroad museums, and other communications museums. His company produced a variety of electrical and communications items for American army through the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cold War period.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Jacobs, Joseph. "History of J.H. Bunnell & Company". jhbunnell.com. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ^ a b c Иванов, Александр. "Джесси Х. Баннел (Jesse H. Bunnell)". telhistory.ru. Музей Истории Телефона. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ^ Bates, David Homer (1907). Lincoln in the Telegraph Office: Recollections of the United States Military Telegraph Corps During Civil War. New York: The Century Co.
- ^ US Patent № 73,774. J. H. Bunnell. Telegraph repeater. Patented Jan. 28, 1868 (PDF).
- ^ US Patent № 180,700. J. H. Bunnell. Printing telegraph. Patented Aug. 8, 1876 (PDF).
- ^ US Patent № 190,191. J. H. Bunnell & M. W. Goodyear. Telegraph sounders. Patented May 1, 1877 (PDF).
- ^ US Patent № 215,568. J. H. Bunnel. Telegraph Switch-Board. Patented May 20, 1879 (PDF).
- ^ US Patent № 237,808. J. H. Bunnell. Telegraphic Key. Patented Feb. 15, 1881 (PDF).
- ^ US Patent № 594 520. J. H. Bunnell & T. A. Casey. Implement for throwing or discharging liquids in form of streams. Patented Nov. 30, 1897 (PDF).