List of dynasties and rulers of Rajasthan

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The map of the Rajputana Agency in 1909 from the Imperial Gazetteer. Legend: princely states are in yellow

Rajasthan is a state in northern India. The History of Rajasthan is about 5000 years old. The history of Rajasthan can be classified into three parts owing to the different epochs- Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Rajput clans emerged and held their sway over different parts of Rajasthan from about 700 CE.

Rajputana “land of the Rajputs” was Rajasthan's old name under the British Raj. When India became independent, 23 princely states were consolidated to form the state of Rajasthan, “Home of Rajas”.

Statue of Maharana Pratap most celebrated ruler of Rajasthan from Sisodia Dynasty

Following is a list of dynasties and rulers, which ruled or origin from Rajasthan from Ancient period to Modern period:

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (c. 550 – 1036 CE)[edit]

Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandore) (c. 550 – 860 CE)[edit]

Main article: Pratiharas of Mandavyapura

Rudolf Hoernlé assumed a period of 20 years for each generation, and placed the dynasty's founder Harichandra in c. 640 CE. Baij Nath Puri placed Harichandra in c. 600 CE. R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE.[1] The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years:[2]

  • Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE)
  • Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
  • Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
  • Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
  • Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
  • Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
  • Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
  • Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
  • Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
  • Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
  • Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
  • Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
  • Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE)

Bauka and Kakkuka were sons of Kakka from different mothers. The Jodhpur and Ghantiyala inscriptions of the two step-brothers give same genealogy of the family, except the last two names. Since these two inscriptions were found not far from each other, it appears that Bauka succeeded Kakka (rather than the two dividing Kakka's kingdom).[3]

Pratiharas of Bhinmala and Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)[edit]

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Nagabhata I 730–760
2 Kakustha and Devaraja 760–780
3 Vatsaraja 780–800
4 Nagabhata II 800–833
5 Ramabhadra 833–836
6 Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I 836–885
7 Mahendrapala I 885–910
8 Bhoja II 910–913
9 Mahipala I 913–944
10 Mahendrapala II 944–948
11 Devapala 948–954
12 Vinayakapala 954–955
13 Mahipala II 955–956
14 Vijayapala II 956–960
15 Rajapala 960–1018
16 Trilochanapala 1018–1027
17 Yasahpala 1024–1036

Mewar dynasty (c. 566 – 1948 CE)[edit]

Main article: Kingdom of Mewar

Guhila dynasty of Nagada-Ahar is one of the oldest dynasties of Mewar, they ruled in the 6th century and Sisodia Dynasty (1326–1947 CE) is one of the branch of Guhila dynasty.

Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)[edit]

Main articles: Guhila dynasty and Gahlot
List of Guhila dynasty rulers
Serial No. King (Rawal) Reign (CE) Notes
1 Rawal Guhil 566–586
2 Rawal Bhoj 586–606
3 Rawal Mahendra I 606–626
4 Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) 626–646
5 Rawal Shiladitya 646–661
6 Rawal Aprajeet 661–688
7 Rawal Mahendra II 688–716
8 Bappa Rawal 728–753
9 Rawal Khuman I 753–773
10 Rawal Mattat 773–793
11 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I 793–813
12 Rawal Sinh 813–828
13 Rawal Khuman II 828–853
14 Rawal Mahayak 853–878
15 Rawal Khuman III 878–926
16 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II 926–951
17 Rawal Allat 951–971
18 Rawal Narwahan 971–973
19 Rawal Saliwahan 973–977
20 Rawal Shakti Kumar 977–993
21 Rawal Amba Prasad 993–1007
22 Rawal Shuchivarma 1007–1021
23 Rawal Narvarma 1021–1035
24 Rawal Keertivarma 1035–1051
25 Rawal Yograj 1051–1068
26 Rawal Vairath 1068–1088
27 Rawal Hanspal 1088–1103
28 Rawal Vair Singh 1103–1107
29 Rawal Vijai Singh 1107–1116
30 Rawal Ari Singh I 1116–1138
31 Rawal Chaudh Singh 1138–1148
32 Rawal Vikram Singh 1148–1158
33 Rawal Ran Singh 1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34 Rawal Khshem Singh 1168–1172
35 Rawal Samant Singh 1172–1179
36 Rawal Kumar Singh 1179–1191
37 Rawal Mathan Singh 1191–1211
38 Rawal Padam Singh 1211–1213
39 Rawal Jaitra Singh 1213–1252
40 Rawal Tej Singh 1252–1273
41 Rawal Samar Singh 1273–1302
42 Rawal Ratan Singh 1302–1303

Branching of Guhil dynasty[edit]

During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches:

  • First (Rawal Branch)

Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.

  • Second (Rana Branch)

Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.

Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)[edit]

"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

List of Rana branch rulers
Nu. King (Rana) Reign (CE) Notes
1 Rahapa/Karna 1168 CE
2 Narapati
3 Dinakara
4 Jasakarna
5 Nagapala
6 Karnapala
7 Bhuvanasimha
8 Bhimasimha
9 Jayasimha
10 Lakhanasimha
11 Arisimha
12 Hammir Singh 1326 CE

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)[edit]

Main articles: Sisodia dynasty and List of ranas of Mewar
Portrait King (Maharana) Reign Notes
Hammir Singh 1326–1364 He attacked Chittor in 1326 and re-took it from the Khiljis after the family lost it in 1303. Defeated Muhammad Bin Tughluq in SSingoli taking the sultan himself a prisoner of war.

Captured Ajmer, Ranthambor, Nagaur and Sopore.[4]

Kshetra Singh 1364–1382 Hammir's son, he captured Madalgarh and Bundi, completely annexed Ajmer. He also defeated Amin Shah of Malwa at the "Battle of Bakrole" and inflicted heavy casualties. His death can actually by as late as 1405.[5]
Lakha Singh 1382–1421 Khsetra's son, he was defeated multiple battles by Zafar Khan of Gujrat, but the territories were recovered. He rebuilt temples and shrines destroyed by Allaudin Khilji.[6]
Mokal Singh 1421–1433 Lakha's son, he defeated the Sultan of Nagaur and Gujrat. Later the sultan of Gujrat invaded Mewar and during this invasion. He was assassinated by his uncles Chacha and Mera.[7]
Rana Kumbha 1433–1468 Mokal's son, he first attacked and killed his fathers assassins. Defeated the Sultans of Nagaur, Gujarat and Malwa. Mewar became the strongest kingdom in North India. Built multiple strong forts in Mewar.[8]
Udai Singh I 1468–1473 Kumbha' son, he assassinated his father and was then defeated by his brother.[9]
Rana Raimal 1473–1508 Son of Kumbha, he killed his brother for assassinating his father. Fought against Malwa sultanate.[10][11]
Rana Sanga 1508–1527 Raimal's son, defeated the Sultan of Gujrat, Malwa and Delhi. Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity. Eventually defeated by Babur.[12][13]
Ratan Singh II 1528–1531 Sanga's son, defeated and killed by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.[14]
Vikramaditya Singh 1531–1536 Sanga's son, assassinated by his cousin Vanvir Singh.[15]
Vanvir Singh 1536–1540 Usurper of the throne. Defeated and expelled by his cousin Udai Singh II.[16]
Udai Singh II 1540–1572 Sanga's son, defeated Vanvir. Fought against Mughals and was defeated in Siege of Chittorgarh.[17][18]
Maharana Pratap 1572–1597 Udai's son, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.[19]
Amar Singh I 1597–1620 Pratap's son, notable for his struggle against Mughals.[20]
Karan Singh II 1620–1628 Amar's son, maintained good relations with Mughals, built many temples, forts and strengthened existing ones.[21]
Jagat Singh I 1628–1652 Karan's son, attempted to restore fort of Chittor but Shah Jahan blocked his attempt.
Raj Singh I 1652–1680 Jagat's son, fought and defeated Mughals many times. Regained territory and increased the wealth of the kingdom. Fought against Aurangzeb. Eventually poisoned by Aurangzeb's loyalists.[22][23][24]
Jai Singh 1680–1698 Raj's son, struggled to regain captured parts of Mewar from Mughals.[25]
Amar Singh II 1698–1710 Jai's son, invaded neighboring territories, formed an alliance against the Mughals with Jaipur and Marwar. Capitalized over a weak Mughal empire.[26]
Sangram Singh II 1710–1734 Amar's son, defeated Ranabaaz Khan at the Battle of Bandanwara. Reestablished relations with a weak Mughal emperor.
Jagat Singh II 1734–1751 Sangram's son, started paying Chauth to the Marathas. Heavily invested in placing Sawai Madho Singh on the throne of Jaipur, eventually bankrupting Mewar.
Pratap Singh II 1751–1754 Jagat's son.
Raj Singh II 1754–1762 Pratap's son, paid heavy tribute to Maratha's, financially devastating Mewar.
Ari Singh II 1762–1772 Raj's son, under him, Maratha's raided Mewar multiple times for not paying tribute.
Hamir Singh II 1772–1778 Ari's son, underaged when became Rana and died.
Bhim Singh 1778–1828 Hamir's brother, under him Mewar was repeatedly raided by Pindaris, Marwar and Jaipur fought for his daughter Krishna Kumari. Accepted sub ordinance of East India Company.
Jawan Singh 1828–1838 Bhim's son, abused alcohol, not interested in ruling Mewar. Mewar racked up a lot of debt under his rule.
Sardar Singh 1838–1842 Jawan's son
Swarup Singh 1842–1861 Ruler during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Shambhu Singh 1861–1874 Focused on reform of education and social reforms.
Sajjan Singh 1874–1884 Shambhu's ruler.
Fateh Singh 1884–1930 Sajjan's son
Bhupal Singh 1930–1948

1948–1955
(titular) 		Signed the Instrument of Accession to India, dissolving his kingdom into the India. Titular ruler from 1955
Titular Maharanas
Bhagwat Singh 1955–1984 Lost the Privy Purse.
Mahendra Singh 1984–present Present ruler

Chauhan dynasty (c. 551 – 1315 CE)[edit]

See also: Chauhan (disambiguation)

Chauhans originally known as Chahamanas is the Rajput dynasty. The earliest Chauhan dynasty was Chahamanas of Shakambhari that ruled territory known as Sambhar.

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included

Chahamanas of Sambhar, Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[27]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE) Notes
1 King Chahamana (Unknown) Ancient founder of Chahamana clan.
2 Vasu-deva c. 551 CE (disputed) First known ruler of the dynasty. He ruled the Sapadalaksha region and made Shakambhari (modern Sambhar) as capital.
3 Samanta-raja 684–709 Identified as the ancient King Manik Rai by R. B. Singh.
4 Nara-deva 709–721 Naradeva was succeeded by his brother Ajayaraja I.
5 Ajaya-raja I 721–734 According to Prithviraja Vijaya, he was a great warrior who defeated several enemies.
6 Vigraha-raja I 734–759 He achieved military successes upon neighbouring kingdom.
7 Chandra-raja I 759–771 Chandraraja I was a son of the Chahamana king Vigraharaja I. He was succeeded by his brother Gopendraraja.
8 Gopendra-raja 771–784 The Prabandha-Kosha states that Gopendra defeated Arab invader Muhammad bin Qasim in a battle.
9 Durlabha-raja I 784–809 He achieved military success against the Pala Empire king Dharmapala as a vassal of the Pratihara emperor Vatsaraja.
10 Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I 809–836 The Harsha stone inscription suggests that he was a vassal the Pratihara emperor Nagabhata II.
11 Chandra-raja II 836–863 He was succeeded by his son Govindaraja II.
12 Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II 863–890 The Harsha stone inscription describes Govinda II as a warrior. He married his sister to Pratihara emperor Mihira Bhoja.
13 Chandana-raja 890–917 According to the Harsha stone inscription, Chandana defeated a Tomara ruler named Rudra

(Chandrapala).

14 Vakpati-raja 917–944 His younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch in 950 CE.
15 Simha-raja 944–971 He was the first independent ruler of dynasty. He had assume the title of Maharajadhiraja.
16 Vigraha-raja II 971–998 He joined an alliance formed by the ruler of Lahore against the Ghaznavid ruler Sabuktigin.
17 Durlabha-raja II 998–1012 He assumed the title Maharajadhiraja. He joined a confederacy of Hindu kings to support Anandapala in

Battle of Chach against invasion Mahmud of Ghazni in 1008 CE.

18 Govinda-raja III 1012–1026 The Prabandha Kosha states that he defeated Mahmud of Ghazni badly.
19 Vakpati-raja II 1026–1040 Later texts claimed that he defeated Bhoja, the Paramara king of Malwa.
20 Viryarama 1040 (few months) Paramara king Bhoja attacked Chahamana kingdom and defeated him.
21 Chamunda-raja 1040–1065 He have defeated a Muslim army led by a Ghaznavid Sultan or general.
22 Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala 1065–1070 He conquered military successes upon neighbouring kingdom.
23 Vigraha-raja III alias Visala 1070–1090 He defeated Shahab-ud-Din (general of Ibrahim of Ghazna).
24 Prithvi-raja I 1090–1110 After defeating Muslim invaders he adopted titles as Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara.
25 Ajaya-raja II 1110–1135 He founded the city of Ajmer and moved his capital there.
26 Arno-raja alias Ana 1135–1150 His title as Maharajadhiraja-Parameshvara.
27 Jagad-deva 1150 Some sources claimed that he ascended Chahamana throne after killing his father.
28 Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva 1150–1164 The Chahaman kingdom reached its zenith under him.
29 Apara-gangeya 1164–1165 He have ascended the throne as a minor, and ruled for a very short period.
30 Prithvi-raja II 1165–1169 He probably died heirless, so he was succeeded by his uncle Someshvara.
31 Someshvara 1169–1178 He adopted title of Pratāpalaṃkeśvara.
32 Prithviraja III Rai Pithora 1177–1192 Last effective ruler of the dynasty who was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain against Muhammad of Ghor in 1192 CE.
33 Govinda-raja IV 1192 Ghurid vassal who later established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura in 1192 CE.
34 Hari-raja 1193–1194 Last ruler of Chauhan dynasty branch of Ajmer.

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Naddula

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Lakshmana 950–982
2 Shobhita 982–986
3 Baliraja 986–990
4 Vigrahapala 990–994
5 Mahindra 994–1015
6 Ashvapala 1015–1019
7 Ahila 1019–1024
8 Anahilla 1024–1055
9 Balaprasada 1055–1070
10 Jendraraja 1070–1080
11 Prithvipala 1080–1090
12 Jojalladeva 1090–1110
13 Asharaja 1110–1119
14 Ratnapala 1119–1132
15 Rayapala 1132–1145
16 Katukaraja 1145–1148
17 Alhanadeva 1148–1163
18 Kelhanadeva 1163–1193
19 Jayatasimha 1193–1197

Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Jalor

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[28]

Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.[29][30]

List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Kirti-pala 1160–1182
2 Samara-simha 1182–1204
3 Udaya-simha 1204–1257
4 Chachiga-deva 1257–1282
5 Samanta-simha 1282–1305
6 Kanhada-deva 1292–1311
7 Virama-deva 1311

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Govinda-raja 1192
2 Balhana-deva
3 Prahlada-deva
4 Viranarayana
5 Vagabhata
6 Jaitra-simha
7 Shakti-deva
8 Hammira-deva 1283–1311

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966 – 1949 CE)[edit]

Main article: Kingdom of Amber

Kachwahas king Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom between 950 and 966 CE and established Kingdom of Amber.[31]

List of Kachwaha rulers of Dhoondar
  • 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)
  • 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dulha Rao (d. 1036)
  • 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)
  • 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)
  • 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)
  • 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)
  • 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)
  • 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)
  • 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)
  • 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)
  • 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)
  • 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)
  • 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)
  • 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)
  • 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)
  • 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)
  • 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)
  • 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)[32]
  • 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 Puranmal (d. 1534)[33]
  • 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 Bhim Singh (d. 1537)
  • 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 Ratan Singh (d. 1548)
  • 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 Askaran (d. 1599)
  • 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 Bharmal (d. 1574)
  • 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
  • 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
  • 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
  • 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
  • 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
  • 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
  • 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
  • 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
  • Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)[34]
  • 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: Prithvi Singh II[35]
  • 1778 – 1803: Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
  • 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818)
  • 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
  • 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
  • Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
  • 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
  • 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
  • 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[36][37]

Titular rulers

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

Bhati dynasty (c. 600 – 1949 CE)[edit]

Main articles: Jaisalmer State and Bhati

Bhati dynasty ruled present Jaisalmer from 600s CE.

Early rulers
  • Jaisimha, while the genealogy of the Bhatti Rajputs is known, it does seem to be approximate, and is poorly dated. Only a few names stand out and can be linked to historical events, and not reliably so until the 12th century.
  • Bahubal
  • Subahu
  • Rajh
  • Gaj
  • Salivahan
  • Baland
  • Bhati
  • Mangal Rao
  • Majam Rao
  • Kehar / Ehar I (773–806)
  • Tano (806–821)
  • Bijairai I (821–853)
  • Deoraj / Devraj (853–908)
  • Mund / Mundh (908–979)
  • Bachharajat / Bijairaj II (979–1044)
  • Dusaj (1044–1124)
  • Lanja
  • Bhojdev / Bhojdeo
Rawals
  • Rawal Jaisal Singh (1153–1168), official founder of kingdom, early Bhatti capital at Lodorva (Ludarva) is ransacked and laid waste Muhammad of Ghor. Nevertheless, he and Jaisal patch up their differences and Jaisal goes on to kill his own brother and nephew in battle with the help of Muhammad Ghor A new capital is established when Jaisal founds the city of Jaisalmer.
  • Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)
  • Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)
  • Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)
  • Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)
  • Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)
  • Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)
  • Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)
  • Rawal Jaitsi Singh I Rawal Jethsi (1276–1294), the Bhati Rajput leader Jethsi faces an eight-year siege by Sultan Aladin Khilji of Delhi. Tradition has it that when the Bhatti Rajputs are sure of their impending defeat, they kill their womenfolk, with some committing 'Jauhar' by jumping into the fire lest they be defiled by the enemy. The males, the warriors, march from the fort, heading straight for their enemy and a final massacre. Eventually some surviving Bhattis reoccupy the fort.
  • Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)
  • Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306), The second Jauhar takes place under similar circumstances, this time against Sultan Ferozshah of Delhi.
  • Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)
  • Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)
  • Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)
  • Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)
  • Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)
  • Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)
  • Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)
  • Rawal Karan Singh II (1530–1530)
  • Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551), the third Jauhar takes place when a local Afghan chief by the name of Amir Ali attacks Jaisalmer, one of many Afghans settled in north-western India. This time around the army of Jaisalmer is victorious in its defence. Lunakaran also fights Moghul emperor, Humayun as the emperor passes through on his way to Ajmer.
  • Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)
  • Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578), the Moghul king Akbar gains the submission of Jaisalmer, along with the other Rajputs of Bikaner, Bundi, and Jodhpur
  • Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624), Bhim Singh forms a matrimonial alliance with the Moghuls when he marries his daughter to Raja Raj Singh of Bikaner. The raja's own daughter is married to Prince Salim, son of Akbar (later to be the Emperor Jehangir).
  • Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)
  • Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)
  • Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)
  • Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661), Sahal Singh assists Moghul Emperor Shah Jahan in his Peshawar campaign. He also extends his kingdom and comes into conflict with the Bikaner Rathors.
Maharawals
  • Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)
  • Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)
  • Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)
  • Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)
  • Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820), attacks by the Jodhpur Rathors begin during the reign of Mulraj Singh II. Mulraj Singh signs a treaty with the British for protection.
  • Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)
  • Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)
  • Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)
  • Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)
  • Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)
  • Girdhar Singh (1949–1950), last ruler of kingdom merge state with Rajasthan Union in 1949.
Titular kings
  • Raghunath Singh (1950–1982)
  • Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)
  • Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–present)

Jadaun dynasty (c. – 1947 CE)[edit]

Main articles: Jadaun Rajputs and Karauli State

Jadaun dynasty ruled over Karauli.

Rathore dynasty of Marwar (c. 1226 – 1950 CE)[edit]

Main article: Jodhpur State
See also: Rathore dynasty and Marwar

Rathore rulers of Pali and Mandore (c. 1226 – 1438 CE)[edit]

Rulers-
Name Notes Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Siha He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban. 1226 1273
2 Rao Asthan Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji. 1273 1292
3 Rao Doohad He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars. 1292 1309
4 Rao Raipal He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people. 1309 1313
5 Rao Kanhapal He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands. 1313 1323
6 Rao Jalansi He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region. 1323 1328
7 Rao Chado 1328 1344
8 Rao Tida He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi. 1344 1357
9 Rao Kanha Dev 1357 1374
10 Rao Viram Dev He died in battle against the Johiyas. 1374 1383
11 Rao Chandra He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan. 1383 1424
12 Rao Kanha Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore. 1424 1427
13 Rao Ranmal He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodias of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha. 1427 1438

Rathore rulers of Jodhpur (c. 1459 – 1950 CE)[edit]

Rulers-
Name Notes Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Jodha Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of Jodhpur and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati. 12 May 1438 6 April 1489
2 Rao Satal Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders. 6 April 1489 March 1492
3 Rao Suja March 1492 2 October 1515
4 Rao Biram Singh Son of Bagha 2 October 1515 8 November 1515
5 Rao Ganga Assisted Rana Sanga in his campaigns against the Sultans of India. 8 November 1515 9 May 1532
6 Rao Maldeo Successfully repelled the invasions of Sher Shah Suri. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta. 9 May 1532 7 November 1562
7 Rao Chandra Sen He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire. 7 November 1562 1581
8 Raja Udai Singh Mota Raja He was the father in law of Jahangir and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of Shah Jahan[38] 4 August 1583 11 July 1595
9 Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal 11 July 1595 7 September 1619
10 Maharaja Gaj Singh I The first to take the title Maharaja by himself 7 September 1619 6 May 1638
11 Maharaja Jaswant Singh He fought Aurangzeb in the Battle of Dharmatpur. 6 May 1638 28 December 1678
12 Maharaja Ajit Singh Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. Durgadas Rathore played a key role in the war. 19 February 1679 24 June 1724
13 Raja Indra Singh Installed in opposition to Maharaja Ajit Singh by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar 9 June 1679 4 August 1679
14 Maharaja Abhai Singh Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time. 24 June 1724 18 June 1749
15 Maharaja Ram Singh First reign 18 June 1749 July 1751
16 Maharaja Bakht Singh He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the Battle of Gangwana he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas. July 1751 21 September 1752
17 Maharaja Vijay Singh First reign 21 September 1752 31 January 1753
18 Maharaja Ram Singh Second reign 31 January 1753 September 1772
19 Maharaja Vijay Singh Second reign – Was defeated by Mahadji Scindia and forced to surrender the fort and city of Ajmer. September 1772 17 July 1793
20 Maharaja Bhim Singh 17 July 1793 19 October 1803
21 Maharaja Man Singh Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818. 19 October 1803 4 September 1843
22 Maharaja Sir Takht Singh Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great-grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar. 4 September 1843 13 February 1873
23 Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II Kaisar-i-Hind 13 February 1873 11 October 1895
24 Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh Colonel in the British Indian Army 11 October 1895 20 March 1911
25 Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh Colonel in the British Indian Army 20 March 1911 3 October 1918
26 Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army 3 October 1918 9 June 1947
27 Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952 9 June 1947 7 April 1949
28 (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur Became head of the House on 26 January 1952 26 January 1952 Present

[39]

Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465 – 1947 CE)[edit]

Main article: Bikaner State
Rulers–
Name Reign Began (in CE) Reign Ended (in CE) Notes
1 Rao Bika 1465 1504 First ruler of dynasty and founder of Bikaner city.
2 Rao Narayan Singh 1504 1505
3 Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) 1505 1526
4 Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) 1526 1542
5 Rao Kalyan Mal 1542 1574 Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor Akbar at Nagaur in November 1570
6 Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) 1574 1612 Important general in the Mughal army like Raja Man Singh I of Amber
7 Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) 1612 1613
8 Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya 1613 1631
9 Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) 1631 1667 Deposed by Emperor Aurangzeb for dereliction of duty at Attock, 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura in the Deccan.
10 Anup Singh 1669 1698 To be the first to be granted the title "Maharaja" by Emperor Aurangzeb. Served in the Deccan campaign at Salher in 1672, Bijapur in 1675, and the siege of Golconda in 1687. He was administrator of Aurangabad from 1677 to 1678, 'Hakim' of Adoni in 1678, Imtiazgarh and Adoni from 1689 to 1693, and of Nusratabad and Sukkar from 1693 to 1698 CE.
11 Rao Sarup Singh 1698 1700 He died from smallpox at Adoni in the Deccan on 15 December 1700.
12 Rao Sujan Singh 1700 1735 Ordered to attend Emperor Aurangzeb in the Deccan, where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from Maharaja Abhai Singh of Jodhpur and Maharaja Bakht Singh of Nagaur, but successfully repulsed both.
13 Rao Zorawar Singh 1735 1746
14 Rao Gaj Singh 1746 1787 The first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor Alamgir II.
15 Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) 1787 1787
16 Rao Pratap Singh 1787 1787 Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne.
17 Rao Surat Singh 1787 1828 He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the East India Company with a subsidiary alliance on 9 March 1818.
18 Rao Ratan Singh 1828 1851 Received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor Akbar Shah II and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the First Afghan War of 1841.
19 Rao Sardar Singh 1851 1872 Assisted the British during the Indian Uprising of 1857 and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria.
20 Dungar Singh 1872 1887 Assisted the British during the Second Afghan War.
21 Ganga Singh 1887 1943 Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Bikaner, 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the League of Nations.
22 Sadul Singh 1943 1947 Signed the Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of Rajasthan, India on 30 March 1949.
23 Karni Singh 1947 1971 First titular ruler.

Sinsinwar Jat dynasty (c. 1683 – 1947 CE)[edit]

Main article: Bharatpur State
Rulers-
Sinsinwar Jats of Bharatpur & Deeg (1683–1947)
Ruler Years
Raja Ram Sinsinwar 1683–1688
Churaman 1695–1721
Muhkam Singh 1721–1722
Badan Singh 1722–1755
Suraj Mal 1755–1763
Jawahar Singh 1764–1768
Ratan Singh 1768–1769
Kehri Singh 1769–1778
Ranjit Singh 1778–1805
Randhir Singh 1805–1823
Baldeo Singh 1823–1825
Balwant Singh 1825–1853
Jaswant Singh 1853–1893
Ram Singh 1893–1900
Kishan Singh 1918–1929
Brijendra Singh 1929–1947
This box:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Puri 1957, p. 23.
  2. ^ Mishra 1966, p. 3.
  3. ^ Puri 1957, p. 19.
  4. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 105–107.
  5. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 109–111.
  6. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 112–113.
  7. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 117–119.
  8. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 122–144.
  9. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 146–147.
  10. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 146–148.
  11. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 151–153.
  12. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 152–169.
  13. ^ "Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  14. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 171–181.
  15. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 189.
  16. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 189–193.
  17. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 193.
  18. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 208–215.
  19. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 220–230.
  20. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 253–259.
  21. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 260.
  22. ^ Sharma, Gopinath. Rajasthan Ka Itihas. Agra. p. 278. ISBN 978-81-930093-9-0.
  23. ^ Hooja, Rima (1 November 2006). A history of Rajasthan. Rupa & Co. p. 617. ISBN 9788129108906.
  24. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 281–282.
  25. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 183. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  26. ^ Somani 1976, pp. 315.
  27. ^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. pp. 51–70.
  28. ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. xvi. OCLC 12737199.
  29. ^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8426-0618-9.
  30. ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
  31. ^ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966). Raja Man Singh of Amber. pp. 1.
  32. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [1984]. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938. Orient Longman. p. 31. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
  33. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 33)
  34. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 259)
  35. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 260)
  36. ^ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10
  37. ^ Prasad (1966, pp. 1–3)
  38. ^ Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan: The Maharaja of Palaces, by Aman Nath. Published by India Book House, 2008.
  39. ^ Niyogi, Roma (1959). The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty. Oriental. p. 30. OCLC 5386449.

Sources[edit]

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