Lynching of women in the United States
The lynching of women in the United States refers to the extrajudicial killing of women between the 1830s and the 1960s. While the majority of lynching victims were African-American men and boys, the majority of female lynching victims were African-American women and girls. The lynching of Black women has sometimes been understudied by academics and overlooked by the general public. The role of white women as perpetrators of lynching is also understudied.[1] Between 1865 and 1965, of around 5,000 Black lynching victims, between 120 and 200 Black women and girls were lynched, or around 3% to 4% of all victims.[2] A small number of women lynching victims were white, some of whom were lynched for associating with African Americans. Other women lynching victims were Indigenous, Latina, or Asian. While women lynching victims were often "successfully demonized", the lynching of white women was more likely to cause "shock, horror, and condemnation" from the general public.[3]
History[edit]
Due to the invisibility of Black women lynching victims, inaccuracies in historical scholarship, and cases of unconfirmed lynchings, compiling statistics regarding Black women lynchings presents challenges for researchers and historians. There also remains scholarly debate as to what constitutes lynching. In addition to extrajudicial killings of Black women and girls, many were also victims of legal executions and riots that targeted Black Americans regardless of sex.[4]
Following the lynching of Eliza Woods in 1896, the investigative journalist and civil rights activist Ida B. Wells denounced the lynching in The Gate City Press, an African-American newspaper in Kansas City, Missouri.[5]
List of women lynching victims[edit]
Black women[edit]
- Charlotte Harris - 1878
- Eliza Woods - 1886
- Ballie Crutchfield - 1901
- Marie Thompson - 1904
- Cordella Stevenson - 1915
Latina women[edit]
- Josefa Segovia - 1851
White women[edit]
- Ellen Watson - 1889
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Simien, Evelyn M. Gender and Lynching: The Politics of Memory, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
References[edit]
- ^ "Considering History: The Role of Women in the Lynching Epidemic". The Saturday Evening Post. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
- ^ "'Of These, One was a Woman': The Lynching of African American Women, 1885-1946". Cornell University. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
- ^ "LYNCHING BEYOND DIXIE: AMERICAN MOB VIOLENCE OUTSIDE THE SOUTH". Rutgers. January 2014. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
- ^ Baker, David V.; Garcia, Gilbert (2019). "An Analytical History of Black Female Lynchings In The United States, 1838-1969". Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology. Qualitative Criminology. doi:10.21428/88de04a1.105517eb. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
- ^ Feimster, Crystal N. (28 April 2018). "Ida B. Wells and the Lynching of Black Women". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-01-13.