Madzhalis

Coordinates: 42°07′29″N 47°50′00″E / 42.12472°N 47.83333°E / 42.12472; 47.83333
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Madzhalis (Russian: Маджалис; Dargwa: Мажалис) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kaytagsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 6,815 (2010 Russian census);[1] 5,766 (2002 Census);[2] 5,211 (1989 Soviet census).[3] During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Kaytago-Tabasaransky Okrug.

History[edit]

Located on the Boghan river, Madzhalis (also spelled Majālis) was historically one of the capitals of the Qaytaq people.[4] It was founded by the utsmi Sultan-Ahmad (who died in 1588); previously, it had been a place where people had gathered for tribal meetings.[4] It was later succeeded as Qaytaq capital by Bashli sometime in the 18th century.[4]

Population[edit]

National composition[edit]

According to data from 1869, out of 287 households in the Madzhalis, 169 spoke Kumyk, 118 spoke Kaitag.[5] According to family lists of 1886, Dargins made up 60% of the population, the remaining 40 were Mountain Jews.[6] According to the list of populated areas of the Dagestan region in 1888, only “Tatars” are indicated in the nationality column, which meant Kumyks,[7] who made up the majority, and Jews. [8]

The Scottish baron and traveler John Abercromby wrote in 1889 that Madzhalis, except for its Jewish element (quarter), was inhabited by “Tatars”.[9] The scientist-historian E.I. Kozubsky in 1895 indicated that the main nationality of the Madzhalis was the Dargins, and the main language was Kumyk, which was somewhat different from the language of the northern Kumykia.

Russian anthropologist Pavel Svidersky noted in 1901 that Madzhalis consists of two villages: Dargins and Mountain Jewish, as well as several houses of Russian administration workers.[10]

In the 1940s, part of the Dargins from the village of Abdashka was resettled to the village, who formed a separate quarter in the village.[11] In 1968, residents of the burnt village of Darsha were resettled to Madzhalis.

Jewish Quarter[edit]

Mountain Jews lived in the Tuben-Aul (“Lower Aul”) quarter, where they moved in the 19th century after a pogrom in three Jewish villages located nearby.

Local Jews, in addition to their native language, also knew the Dargin and Kumyk languages.[12] Jews were engaged in agriculture, in particular leather production[13] and viticulture and winemaking.[12] In 1867, there were 80 Jews families in Madzhalis. In 1926 there were 69 of them. In the 1930s, the synagogue in the village was demolished. At the same time, a Jewish collective farm was established, which was later merged with the Dargin one. After the war, most of the Mountain Jews left for Derbent, Buynaksk and Makhachkala. In 1994, there were only 7 Jewish families in the village.[14]

Economy[edit]

Deposits of phosphorites, clays and loams; iodine-bromine and boron mineral waters.

Culture[edit]

  • Museum of Local Lore.
  • Weather station.
  • Mounds (15 km east of Mount Hokuz-Danna - 6); settlement (14 km east of the village - Gyaur-Tepe, Samanlyk-Tepe, Khazka-Tepe).

Archaeological excavations[edit]

A burial ground dating back to the 1st millennium BC was found 50 meters south of the Madzhalis 2nd settlement. One of the graves was an oval pit with two bones flexed on the left side, oriented to the south, accompanied by 21 bronze hemispherical plaques, a bronze cap, piercings, an iron socketed spearhead, 8 bone arrowheads, a temple decoration, and a jar vessel.[15]

Near the village, a bronze dagger of the Western Asian type, dating from the 12th-10th centuries BC, was also found.[16]

Tombstones with Arabic inscriptions were discovered in the village. Some of them date back to the 14th-15th centuries. There are also monuments dating from the 14th-15th and 15th-16th centuries. [17]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  3. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  4. ^ a b c Minorsky, Vladimir (1958). A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd. pp. 94–5. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  5. ^ Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders. Volume 2. p. 81.
  6. ^ Посемейные списки населения Дагестанской области 1886 года переписи населения 1897 и 1926 годов (Статистический справочник) / ИИАЭ ДНЦ РАН. Османов А.И. Бутаев М. Д. Какагасанов Г.И. c. 72.
  7. ^ Суздальцева И. А. Внешний облик, социальная организация и население Терского города в XVII - начале XVIII веков // Известия Дагестанского государственного педагогического университета. Общественные и гуманитарные науки. — 2008. — № 4.
  8. ^ Список населённым местам Дагестанской области. Составлен в 1888 году. Петровск. Типо-литография : А. М. Михайлова.
  9. ^ Hon. John Abercromby. A trip trough the eastern Caucasus, with a chapter on languages of the country with maps and illustrations. — London: Edward Stanford, 26 & 27 Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, S. W, 1889. p. 257.
  10. ^ Svidersky P.F. In the mountains of Dagestan. Petrovsk, 1903. p. 139. ISBN 978-5-4460-8709-9
  11. ^ V. M. Alimova. Kaitagy of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Historical and ethnographic research. Makhachkala: Publisher: Jupiter, 1998. p. 4.
  12. ^ a b Arutyunov S.A., Osmanov A.I., Sergeeva G.A. Peoples of Dagestan. Encyclopedia. 2002. p. 588.
  13. ^ E. I. Kozubsky. Memorial book of the Dagestan region. Temir-Khan-Shura, 1895. p. 121. ISBN 978-5-458-54581-5.
  14. ^ Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference on Jewish Studies. Part 2. In memory of Rashid Muradovich Kaplanov. Moscow, 2008. p. 318.
  15. ^ Kotovich V.G., Abakarov A.I., Magomedov M.G. Report on the work of the Primorsky archaeological expedition // Научный архив ИИАЭ ДНЦ РАН. Ф. 27. Оп. 1. Д. 42. с. 95.
  16. ^ Kotovich V.G., Abakarov A.I., Magomedov M.G. Report on the work of the Primorsky archaeological expedition // Научный архив ИИАЭ ДНЦ РАН. Ф. 27. Оп. 1. Д. 42. С. 96-97.
  17. ^ Shikhsaidov A.R. Epigraphic monuments of Dagestan X - XVIII centuries. as a historical source. Science, 1984.

Sources[edit]

  • Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №16 от 10 апреля 2002 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №106 от 30 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №81, 12 апреля 2002 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #16 of April 10, 2002 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #106 of December 30, 2013 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №43 от 30 апреля 2015 г. «О статусе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала", статусе и границах внутригородских районов в составе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала" и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #43 of April 30, 2015 On the Status of the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, the Status and the Borders of the Intra-City Districts Comprising the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

42°07′29″N 47°50′00″E / 42.12472°N 47.83333°E / 42.12472; 47.83333

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