National Military Reserve (New Zealand)
| National Military Reserve | |
|---|---|
 No. 3 Independent Mounted Rifles Squadron | |
| Active | 1939–1942 |
| Country |  New Zealand |
| Branch | New Zealand Military Forces |
| Type | Reserve Force |
The National Military Reserve was a reserve force of the New Zealand Military Forces. It was formed just prior to the Second World War and intended to provide a reserve pool of manpower to supplement the Territorial Force. The National Military Reserve consisted of a number of independent infantry companies and battalions, as well as independent Mounted rifle squadrons. In 1942 the New Zealand Government rationalised the reserve system. The National Military Reserve was disbanded and most of the constituent units were transferred to the Territorial Force.
History[edit]
By 1939, the New Zealand Government was becoming increasingly concerned about the likelihood of war in Europe. It was therefore decided to expand the New Zealand Military Forces and in May 1939 a major reorganisation was undertaken. The territorial forces were expanded and a new reserve force called the National Military Reserve was formed. The National Military Reserve was to act as a pool of manpower for the Territorial Force in the event of war and also provide a force of less able men for menial work. Recruits were designated into three classes:[1][2]
- Class I: men aged 20–35 with two years experience in the territorial force
- Class II: men aged 35–55 with regular or NZEF experience
- Class III: any other men aged 33–55
With the out break of war on 3 September 1939, the National Military Reserve was activated. The majority of men in class I were immediately transferred to the Territorial Force, while the roughly 11,000 class II men were called up to provide garrison troops to defend ports and other key points in New Zealand.[3] In July 1940, the National Military Reserve was organised into independent squadrons of mounted rifles, independent companies and battalions of infantry. Further units were raised throughout 1940 and 1941 and by January 1942 the establishment of the National Military Reserve was 21,261. New Zealand was suffering from manpower shortages and such a large force could not be maintained. Consequently, 12 of the independent companies were disbanded, however a larger change soon followed. At the beginning of 1942 the New Zealand Home defence forces consisted of three organisations: the Territorial force, the National Military Reserve and the Home Guard. The government felt that this was too complicated and decided to simplify the home defence forces into two lines: the first line (i.e. the Territorial Force) of fitter men and the second line (i.e. the Home Guard). Consequently, the NMR was disbanded and its units transferred to the Territorial Force.[4] The Territorial force itself was stood down in 1943 and by April 1944 all the former National Military Reserve units had been disbanded.[5]
List of units of the National Military reserve[edit]
Mounted Rifle Squadrons[edit]
All 9 independent mounted rifles companies were formed on 1 July 1940. They were transferred to the Territorial Force on 10 January 1942 and later attached to the Home Guard in May 1943.[6]
| Company | Location |
|---|---|
| 1st | Northland |
| 2nd | Kaipara |
| 3rd | Hauraki |
| 4th | East Coast |
| 5th | Tararua |
| 6th | Marlborough |
| 7th | Nelson |
| 8th | Ellesmere |
| 9th | Taieri |
Independent Infantry Companies[edit]
A total of 21 independent infantry companies were formed, of which 12 were disbanded on 1 January 1942, and the remainder transferred to the territorial force on 2 February 1942[7]
| Company | Location | Date formed | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Whanagarei | 1 July 1940 | Attached to North Auckland Regiment |
| 2nd | Russell | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 3rd | Whangaroa | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 4th | Tauranga | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 5th | Thames | 23 September 1940 | Attached to Hauraki Regiment |
| 6th | Hamilton | 23 September 1940 | Disbanded |
| 7th | Wairoa | 23 September 1940 | Attached to Hawkes Bay Regiment |
| 8th | Gisborne | 1 July 1940 | Attached to Hawkes Bay Regiment |
| 9th | Napier | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 10th | New Plymouth | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 11th | Wanganui | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 12th | Palmerston North | 23 September 1940 | Disbanded |
| 13th | Hastings | 23 September 1940 | Disbanded |
| 14th | Paekakariki/Porirua | 23 September 1940 | Disbanded |
| 15th | Nelson | 1 July 1940 | Attached to Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Regiment |
| 16th | Blenheim/Picton | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 17th | Greymouth/Westport | 1 July 1940 | Attached to Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Regiment |
| 18th | Timaru | 1 July 1940 | Disbanded |
| 19th | Oamaru | 1 July 1940 | Attached to Otago Regiment |
| 20th | Bluff | 1 July 1940 | Attached to Otago Regiment |
| 21st | Westport | 1 November 1941 | Attached to Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Regiment |
Infantry Battalions[edit]
A total of 22 infantry battalions were formed and were transferred to the territorial force on 2 February 1942[6]
| Battalion | Location | Date formed | Redesignated as |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Auckland | 1 July 1940 | 4th Battalion, Auckland Regiment |
| 2nd | Wellington | 1 July 1940 | 3rd Battalion, Wellington Regiment |
| 3rd | Christchurch | 1 July 1940 | 3rd Battalion, Canterbury Regiment |
| 4th | Dunedin | 1 July 1940 | 2nd Battalion, Otago Regiment |
| 5th | Auckland | 1 November 1941 | 5th Battalion, Auckland Regiment |
| 6th | Whangarei | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, North Auckland Regiment |
| 7th | Bay of Islands | 1 November 1941 | 3rd Battalion, North Auckland Regiment[Note 1] |
| 8th | Bay of Islands | 1 November 1941 | 4th Battalion, North Auckland Regiment |
| 9th | Hamilton | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, Waikato Regiment |
| 10th | Tauranga | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, Hauraki Regiment |
| 11th | Wellington | 1 November 1941 | 4th Battalion, Wellington Regiment |
| 12th | Napier | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, Hawke's Bay Regiment |
| 13th | Wanganui | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, Wellington West Coast Regiment |
| 14th | New Plymouth | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, Taranaki Regiment |
| 15th | Christchurch | 1 November 1941 | 4th Battalion, Canterbury Regiment |
| 16th | Christchurch | 1 November 1941 | 5th Battalion, Canterbury Regiment |
| 17th | Dunedin | 1 November 1941 | 3rd Battalion, Otago Regiment |
| 18th | Palmerston North | 1 November 1941 | 3rd Battalion, Wellington West Coast Regiment |
| 19th | Blenheim | 1 November 1941 | 2nd Battalion, Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Regiment |
| 20th | Timaru | 1 November 1941 | 7th Battalion, Canterbury Regiment |
| 21st | Blenheim | 1 November 1941 | 3rd Battalion, Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Regiment |
| 22nd | Christchurch | 1 November 1941 | 6th Battalion, Canterbury Regiment |
Notes[edit]
- Footnotes
- ^ redesignated as 2nd Māori Battalion in June 1942
- Citations
- ^ Cooke & Crawford 2011, pp. 238–239.
- ^ "Military Forces of New Zealand". Appendix to the Journal of the House of Representatives. 1939.
- ^ Cooke & Crawford 2011, pp. 247–248.
- ^ Cooke 2016, pp. 309–310.
- ^ Cooke & Crawford 2011, pp. 280–281.
- ^ a b Cooke 2016, p. 842.
- ^ Cooke 2016, p. 841.
- References
- Cooke, Peter (2016). Defending New Zealand: Ramparts on the Seas 1840-1950s. Wellington: Defence of New Zealand Study Group. ISBN 0-473-06833-8.
- Cooke, Peter; Crawford, John (2011). The Territorials. Auckland: Random House. ISBN 978-1-86979-446-0.