Northern Karelian language
| Northern Karelian | |
|---|---|
| North Karelian White Sea Karelian Viena Karelian | |
| Vienankarjala | |
| Native to | Russia and Finland |
| Region | White Sea Karelia |
Uralic
| |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | krl |
| Glottolog | nort2673 |
 Karelian Proper consists of 1a | |
Northern Karelian (also called: White Sea Karelian, Viena Karelian and North Karelian) (North Karelian: Vienankarjala) is a dialect of Karelian Proper, which is itself a dialect of the Karelian language.[3] Northern Karelian is mostly spoken in White Karelia in Russia, and is spoken in Hietajärvi, Kuivajärvi and Kuhmo in Finland.[4] Northern Karelian is the most mutually intelligible dialect to Finnish Language speakers.[5]
Location[edit]
Northern Karelian is spoken in the northernmost parts of the Republic of Karelia, which is called White Karelia and in Hietajärvi, Kuivajärvi and Kuhmo, Finland. Specifically it is spoken in the parishes of Jyskyjärvi, Kieretti, Kiestinki, Kontokki, Oulanka, Paanajärvi, Pistojärvi, Suomussalmi, Uhtua, Usmana, Vitsataipale and Vuokkiniemi.[6]
Example:[7]
| North Karelian | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ennein vanhah karjalaiset varattih riähkyä. | Ennen vanhaan karjalaiset varoivat tekemästä syntiä. | In the old days, Karelians were careful not to sin. |
Dialectal features[edit]
In Northern Karelian, the š [sh/see] letter is used more than in other Karelian dialects.
Alphabet[edit]
Northern Karelian uses the unified Karelian alphabet which was adopted in 2007 to replace the separate two alphabets of the Livvi-Karelian and Karelian Proper dialects.[8]
| Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | Č | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | Š | Z | Ž | T | U | V | Y | Ä | Ö | ʼ |
| Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | c | č | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | š | z | ž | t | u | v | y | ä | ö | ʼ |
Letter names and IPA[edit]
| Letter | Letter name[9] | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| A | aa | /ɑ/ |
| B | bee | /b/ |
| C | cee | /ts/ |
| Č | čee | /tʃ/ |
| D | dee | /d/ |
| E | ee | /e/ |
| F | ef | /f/ |
| G | gee | /ɡ/ |
| H | hoo | /h/ |
| I | ii | /i/ |
| J | jii | /j/ |
| K | koo | /k/ |
| L | el | /l/ |
| M | em | /m/ |
| N | en | /n/ |
| O | oo | /o/ |
| P | pee | /p/ |
| R | er | /r/ |
| S | es | /s/ |
| Š | šee | /ʃ/ |
| Z | zee | /z/ |
| Ž | žee | /ʒ/ |
| T | tee | /t/ |
| U | uu | /u/ |
| V | vee | /v/ |
| Y | yy | /y/ |
| Ä | ää | /æ/ |
| Ö | öö | /ø/ |
| ʼ | pehmennyšmerkki | /ʲ/ |
References[edit]
- ^ Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
- ^ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "Glottolog 5.0 - Northern Karelian". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Karjala – kieli, murre ja paikka". Kotimaisten kielten keskus (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Vienankarjala | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Murteet | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Näyte vienankarjalasta | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Government of Karelia approved uniform Karelian language alphabet". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ "Kirjaimet". Karjalan kielioppi (in Livvi-Karelian). Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-14.