Pilgrims of the Wild
 First edition cover | |
| Author | Grey Owl |
|---|---|
| Illustrator | Grey Owl |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Autobiographical novel |
| Publisher | Lovat Dickson & Thompson Limited |
Publication date | 1935 |
| Media type | |
| Pages | 282 |
Pilgrims of the Wild is an autobiographical novel, written and illustrated by the Canadian author Grey Owl, also known as Archibald Stansfeld Belaney (1888–1938). It was first published in 1935 and widely reprinted. The story follows the author's introduction to environmentalism and his life with his wife and the beavers that they raise.
Authorship[edit]
The book's preface gives the author and location as
WA-SHA-QUON-ASIN (GREY OWL)
BEAVER LODGE, PRINCE ALBERT NATIONAL PARK, SASKATCHEWAN
The book is presented as the autobiography of a half-breed Indian, and while it does depict episodes in Grey Owl's life, it contains many fictional elements, foremost among them the fiction that the author is Indigenous, rather than a full-blooded Englishman, who passed as half-Indian for the latter part of his life.[a]
The protagonist is never referred to as "Grey Owl" in the story, nor is Grey Owl's claim that he was the son of a Scottish man and an Apache woman ever mentioned. The only references to Grey Owl occur in the title page and the preface, identifying him as the author of the book.
Publication[edit]
The book was first serialized in the Illustrated London News in 1934. In 1935, the book was printed in Great Britain by Lovat Dickson & Thompson Limited and in Canada by Macmillan of Canada. Reprints by other publishing houses, such as Charles Scribner's Sons in the United States, followed.[2]: 301–302 Grey Owl promoted the book as part of a four-month lecture tour in England, where he also showed his films about beavers.[3]
Plot[edit]
A young man, making his living in northern Ontario and Quebec as a trapper in winter and a forest ranger and guide in summer, meets a young woman at a resort where the man is working as a guide. They fall in love and get married. The man, referred to once in the story as "Archie", is half-Indian. The woman, Gertrude, is Iroquois, and is referred to in the story as "Anahareo", her "tribal name".
They go into the bush together to earn money on the trap line, but face severe problems due to the scarcity of fur-bearing animals in the area, which has been brought about by irresponsible trapping. Partly due to Anahareo's influence, Archie becomes disillusioned with trapping. The last straw comes when he kills a mother beaver, leaving two kits motherless. He decides to give up trapping for good. The couple adopts the beaver kits, eventually naming them McGinnis and McGinty.
Lured by stories of abundant wildlife and bush, Archie and Anahareo, along with the adopted beavers, move to southeastern Quebec, where they intend to start a beaver colony. Arriving in Cabano they settle in the area of Lake Touladi and build a cabin on Birch Lake. The area is heavily logged and depopulated of wildlife, particularly beaver, and their dreams of founding a beaver colony begin to fade. A further disappointment occurs when the beavers disappear. They adopt a new beaver kit and name it "Jelly Roll".
With Anahareo's encouragement, Archie starts writing and succeeds in getting an article published in the English magazine Country Life. His first article in Canada, entitled "The Vanishing Life of the Wild" is also published in the periodical Canadian Forest and Outdoors. Country Life now requests a full book from him.
The family moves for a time to an English-speaking resort on the south shore of the St. Lawrence, known as Metis Beach, where Archie gives his first lecture.
Having earned some money by lecturing in Metis, they move back to Cabano, but Anahareo soon leaves with their friend, David White Stone, to work his mining claim in northern Quebec. Archie stays in the area and starts the slow work of writing the book he promised, while also continuing to search for McGinnis and McGinty. He rescues an injured beaver and adopts it, naming it "Rawhide".
Through his writings, Archie attracts the interest of the National Park Service, which commissions the film The Beaver People, featuring the two beavers, Jelly Roll and Rawhide, as well as Anahareo and Archie themselves. Archie accepts a job with Parks Canada at a regular salary, allowing him to continue his work of conservation. The book, on which he has been working so long, is finally published. He wants the title to be The Vanishing Frontier, but the publisher, without his permission, changes it to The Men of the Last Frontier (the title of Grey Owl's first book).
Illustrations[edit]
The book contains illustrations by Grey Owl, among them the following:
Major themes[edit]
Like Grey Owl's other writing, a major theme of the book is an embrace of the natural world. In particular, Pilgrims of the Wild shows how a comfortable domestic life can co-exist with the wilderness.[4]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Grey Owl's biographer, Donald B. Smith, describes the book as an autobiography, but recognizes its fictional elements. For example, he notes "In Pilgrims [Grey Owl] tells a different version of the same story... It was all fiction."[1]: 90 (The story refers to a supposed incident that led to the death of the beaver Jelly Roll.)
References[edit]
- ^ Smith, Donald B. (1990). From the Land of Shadows: the Making of Grey Owl. Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books. ISBN 0888333099.
- ^ Dickson, Lovat (1939). Half-Breed: The Story of Grey Owl. London: Peter Davies.
- ^ Brower, Kenneth (January 1990). "Grey Owl". www.theatlantic.com. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
- ^ Chapin, David (2000). "Gender and Indian Masquerade in the Life of Grey Owl". American Indian Quarterly. 24 (1): 91–109. ISSN 0095-182X.
Further reading[edit]
- Braz, Albert (2006-01-01), "The Modern Hiawatha: Grey Owl's Construction of His Aboriginal Self", The Modern Hiawatha: Grey Owl’s Construction of His Aboriginal Self, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, pp. 53–68, doi:10.51644/9780889209213-003/html, ISBN 978-0-88920-921-3, retrieved 2024-05-04