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Geologic formation in Nyalam County, Tibet
The Qulonggongba Formation is a Late Triassic (Norian ) geologic formation in southern Tibet , near to the border with Nepal , that is part of the Langjiexue Group .[3] It would have been a marine environment .[4]
Vertebrate fauna [ edit ]
Reptiles [ edit ]
Genus
Species
Material
Notes
Himalayasaurus
H. tibetensis [4]
Fragmentary skeletons
A gigantic ichthyosaur
Cartilaginous fish [ edit ]
Conodonts [ edit ]
Genus
Species
Location
Stratigraphic position
Notes
Epigondolella
E. multidentata [5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Metapolygnathus
Indeterminate[6]
Invertebrates [ edit ]
Ammonites [ edit ]
Genus
Species
Location
Stratigraphic position
Notes
Acanthinites
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A ceratitid
Ammotibetites
A. wheeleri [2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Anasibirites
A. kingianus [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Anatibetites
Indeterminate[5]
Longjiang Xishan, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Anatomites
A. ex gr. "sissi"[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Indeterminate[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Arcestes
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
Cladiscites
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Cosmonautilus
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
A nautilid
Cyrtopleurites
C. cf. agrippinae [2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Indeterminate[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Dimorphites
Indeterminate[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A ceratitid
Discophyllites
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
An ammonitid
Dittmarites
D. lilliformis [2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Ectolcites
E. cf. hollandi [2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Gonionotites
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Griesbachites
G. pseudomedleyanus [2]
Longjiang Xishan, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Indeterminate[2] [5]
Longjiang Xishan, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Guembelites
G. jandianus [5]
Longjiang, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
G. philostrati [2]
Longjiang Xishan, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Halorites
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
?Hauerites
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
Indojuvavites
I. angulatus [2]
Kagangla Pass, Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A ceratitid
Juvavites
J. cf. subinterruptus [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
J. continuus [5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
J. sarasinii [5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Megaphyllites
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
Metacarnites
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
"M. xizangensis"[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
?Mirojuvavites
"M. xizangensis"[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A ceratitid
Parajuvavites
Intermediate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
?Parathisbites
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
Paratibetites
P. adolphi [2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
?P. tornquisti [2]
Longjiang Xishan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Indeterminate[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Pinacoceras
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Placites
P. cf. oldhami [2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
Stenarcestes
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A ceratitid
?Thisbites
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
A ceratitid
Tibetites
T. ryalli [2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
A ceratitid
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
Bivalves [ edit ]
Genus
Species
Location (section)
Stratigraphic position
Notes
Burmesia
B. lirata [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Member of Anomalodesmata
Cardita
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
Cassianella
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
Member of Ostreida
Halobia
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Member of Ostreida
H. cf. distincta [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
H. sirri [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
H. cf. jagelskyi [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Indopecten
I. margariticostatus [2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A scallop
I. himalayensis [5]
Tulong
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
?Lima
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
A file shell
Monotis
M. salinaria [2]
Longjiang Xishan
Member of Pectinida
Myophoricardium
M. tulongense [5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Member of Carditida
?Nucula
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan
A nut clam
?Palaeocardia
"P. singularis"[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
"P. rhomboidalis"[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Palaeoneilo
P. cf. tirolensis [2]
Sūrè Shan
A nuculanid
Palaeonucula
P. strigilata [5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A nuculanid
P. subaequilatera tswayensis [5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
"P. timorensis"[5]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Pecten
Indeterminate[2]
Sūrè Shan
A scallop
Pleuromya
P. himaica [2]
Longjiang Xishan
Member of Myida
Schafhaeutlia
Indeterminate[2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
A hatchet shell
Unionites
U. griesbachi [2]
Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
Member of Unionida
Veteranella
V. (Ledoides ) langnongensis [5] [7]
Tulong, Tingri
Indojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
A nuculanid
Brachiopods [ edit ]
Genus
Species
Location
Stratigraphic position
Notes
Eoseptaliphoria
E. intorta [5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A rhynchonellid
E. tulungensis [5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites ZoneIndojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
"Himalarhynchia"
"H. media"[5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites ZoneIndojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Nudirostralina
N. griesbachi [5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
A rhynchonellid
Pseudolepismatina
P. nyalamensis [5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Member of Rhynchonellata
Tibetothyris
T. depressa [5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites Zone
Member of Terebratulida
Spiriferina
S. shalshalensis [5]
Griesbachites –Guembilites ZoneIndojuvavites angulatus –Epigondolella multidentata –Himalayasaurus Zone
Member of Rhynchonellata
References [ edit ]
^ a b c Meng, Z.; Wang, J.; Ji, W.; Zhang, H.; Wu, F.; Garzanti, E. (2019). "The Langjiexue Group is an in situ sedimentary sequence rather than an exotic block:Constraints from coeval Upper Triassic strata of the Tethys Himalaya (Qulonggongba Formation)". Science China Earth Sciences . 62 (5): 783–797. doi :10.1007/s11430-018-9314-9 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Gu, Q. (1965). 西藏定日海相三迭纪地层 [Triassic marine strata in Tingri, Tibet]. Geological Review (in Chinese (China)). 23 (4): 256–262.
^ a b M.-M. Chang and F. Jin. (1996). Mesozoic fish faunas of China. In G. Arriata & G. Viohl (ed.), Mesozoic Fishes - Systematics and Paleoecology 1:461-478
^ a b Dong, Z.-M. (1972). 珠穆朗玛峯地区的鱼龙化石 [An ichthyosaur fossil from the Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) region]. In Young, C. C.; Dong, Z.-M. (eds.). 中国三迭纪水生爬行动物 [Aquatic Reptiles from the Triassic of China ]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (in Chinese (China)). Vol. 9. pp. 7–10.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Zou, G.; Mao, Q.; Chen, Y.; Rao, R. (2006). 西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠纪生物地层研究 [A Research into Triassic Biostratigraphy of the Qomolongma Area in Southern Xizang (Tibet)]. Geological Review (in Chinese (China)). 52 (3): 386–395, 439–440.
^ An, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, T.; Zhang, Y.; Yuan, D.; Li, J. (2020). "Stable Carbon Isotope Perturbations Recorded in Triassic Tulong Group-Qulonggongba Formation of South Tibet" . Earth Science (in Chinese (China)). 45 (8): 2964–2977. doi :10.3799/dqkx.2020.085 .
^ Z. J. Fang, J. H. Chen, C. Z. Chen, J. G. Sha, X. Lan and S. Z. Wen. (2009). Supraspecific taxa of the Bivalvia first named, described, and published in China (1927-2007). The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions , New Series.