Spatiotemporal database
A spatiotemporal database is a database that manages both space and time information. Common examples include:
- Tracking of moving objects, which typically can occupy only a single position at a given time.
- A database of wireless communication networks, which may exist only for a short timespan within a geographic region.
- An index of species in a given geographic region, where over time additional species may be introduced or existing species migrate or die out.
- Historical tracking of plate tectonic activity.
Spatiotemporal databases are an extension of spatial databases and temporal databases. A spatiotemporal database embodies spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal database concepts, and captures spatial and temporal aspects of data and deals with:
- Geometry changing over time and/or
- Location of objects moving over invariant geometry (known variously as moving objects databases[1] or real-time locating systems).
Implementations[edit]
Although there exist numerous relational databases with spatial extensions, spatiotemporal databases are not based on the relational model for practical reasons, chiefly among them that the data is multi-dimensional, capturing complex structures and behaviours.
As of 2008, there are no RDBMS products with spatiotemporal extensions. There are some products such as the open-source TerraLib which use a middleware approach storing their data in a relational database. Unlike in the pure spatial domain, there are however no official or de facto standards for spatio-temporal data models and their querying. In general, the theory of this area is also less well-developed.[2] Another approach is the constraint database system such as MLPQ (Management of Linear Programming Queries).[3][4]
GeoMesa is an open-source distributed spatiotemporal index built on top of Bigtable-style databases using an implementation of the Z-order_curve to create a multi-dimensional index combining space and time.
SpaceTime is a commercial spatiotemporal database built on top of the proprietary multidimensional index similar to the kd-tree family, but created using the bottom-up approach and adapted to particular space-time distribution of data.[5] In a study conducted by Ericsson, SpaceTime significantly outperformed GeoMesa.[6]
See also[edit]
- Geographic information system § Adding the dimension of time
- Historical geographic information system
- Locating engine
- Multimedia database
- Structure mining
- Time geography
References[edit]
- ^ Ralf Hartmut Güting; Markus Schneider (2005). Moving Objects Databases. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-088799-6.
- ^ Brent Hall; Michael G. Leahy (2008). Open Source Approaches in Spatial Data Handling. Springer. pp. 126–128. ISBN 978-3-540-74830-4.
- ^ Peter Revesz (2010). Introduction to Databases: From Biological to Spatio-Temporal. Springer. p. 262. ISBN 978-1-84996-094-6.
- ^ "Instructions for MLPQ system".
- ^ "Mireo SpaceTime – an absurdly fast moving objects database".
- ^ "Comparing SpaceTime and GeoMesa" (PDF).
External links[edit]
Organizations[edit]
- http://vldb.org (Very Large Databases)
- http://www.dexa.org (Database and Expert Systems Applications)
Implementations[edit]
- https://secondo-database.github.io/ (Secondo)
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