Specialized metabolism in Oryza

Oryza is a genus in the plant family Poaceae, of which Oryza sativa (cultivated rice) is a member. Oryza is a genus of 24 species, most of which are annual and some perennial grasses, which are found in tropical and swampy parts of Africa, Asia and Australia. Given its wide geographic range, there exists a substantial diversity of specialized metabolites (also called secondary metabolites) in the genus Oryza. Understanding this diversity can provide us solutions for mitigate crop losses due to disease and pest damage in rice, and boost agricultural production.^[1]

Anthocyanins and flavonols[edit]

Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (I): Produced by purple pigmented rice
Malvidin: Produced by purple pigmented rice
Tricin
Quercitin
Kaempferol
Apigenin

Carotenoids-[edit]

β-carotene (provitamin A)
Lutein
zeaxanthin

Hydroxycinnamic acids[edit]

Alkaloids[edit]

Benzoxazinoids
Quinolone alkaloids

Phytoalexins[edit]

Sakuranetin: Increases rapidly under biotic and abiotic stress stimula including UV and pathogen attack.
Naringenin

Polyphenols[edit]

Phytosterols[edit]

Volatiles[edit]

Metabolite(s)	Comments
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline	Responsible for the aroma of basmati rice
(Z)-3-hexenal	Defense signal

Hormones[edit]

Ethylene
Salicylate
Jasmonate
Auxins
Cytokinins
Gibberelins
Abscisic acids
Brassinosteroids
Strigolactones (e.g.: 2′-epi-5-deoxystrigol, which is produced under phosphorus-deficient conditions)

References[edit]

^ Kusano, Miyako; Yang, Zhigang; Okazaki, Yozo; Nakabayashi, Ryo; Fukushima, Atsushi; Saito, Kazuki (2015-01-05). "Using Metabolomic Approaches to Explore Chemical Diversity in Rice". Molecular Plant. 8 (1): 58–67. doi:10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.010. PMID 25578272.

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[REV-1] Kusano, Miyako; Yang, Zhigang; Okazaki, Yozo; Nakabayashi, Ryo; Fukushima, Atsushi; Saito, Kazuki (2015-01-05). "Using Metabolomic Approaches to Explore Chemical Diversity in Rice". Molecular Plant. 8 (1): 58–67. doi:10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.010. PMID 25578272.

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