Talk:Childhood obesity/Archives/2019

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Epidemiology

Although the rate of obesity among children increases dramatically in recent year, the epidemiology varies according to socioeconomic and cultural conditions. In poor countries, obesity is a feature for the rich. Oppositely, it is a feature for the poor in rich countries. And in many middle-ranking economies, the amount of people who are obese or thin is almost equal.[1] ZPMengdi (talk) 00:10, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

Furthermore, childhood obesity could be caused by the absence of breakfast in the morning. Once someone misses breakfast, they tend to "over eat" by the next time they have a meal, causing them to gain too much weight.


Defining Childhood Obesity According to both the WHO and CDC, BMI growth charts for children and teens are sensitive to both age-and sex-specific groups, justified by the differences in body fat between sexes and among different age groups.[2] The CDC BMI-for-age growth charts use age-and-gender specific percentiles to define where the child or teenagers stands as compared to the population standard to define overweight and obese categories.[3] For the CDC, a BMI greater than the 85th percentile but less than the 95th percentile is considered overweight, and a BMI of greater than or equal to the 95th percentile is considered obese.[4] WHO parameters for BMI-for-age parameters are defined by standard deviations and describe overweight to be greater than +1standard deviation from the mean (equivalent to BMI=25kg/m2 at 19 years) and obese as +2 standard deviations from the mean for 5-19 year olds (equivalent to BMI=30kg/m2 at 19 years).[5]

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) has facilitated estimation of childhood obesity rates at state levels and comparison of geographic differences in social and behavioral factors. In the United States, 17% of children and teenagers in the United States are considered obese (BMI ≥95th percentile of the sex specific 2000 CDC growth charts).[6] Prevalence has remained high over the past three decades across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, and represents a three-fold increase from one generation ago and is expected to continue rising.[7] [8] Prevalence of pediatric obesity also varies with state. The highest rates of childhood obesity are found in the southeastern states of which Mississippi was found to have the highest rate of overweight/obese children, 44.5%/21.9% respectively.[9] The western states were found to have the lowest prevalence, such as Utah (23.1%) and Oregon(9.6%).[10] From 2003-2007, there was a two fold increase in states reporting prevalence of pediatric obesity greater than or equal to 18%.7 Oregon was the only state showing decline from 2003 to 2007 (decline by 32%), and using children in Oregon as a reference group, obesity in children in Illinois, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Georgia, and Kansas has doubled.[11] The likelihood of obesity in children was found to increase significantly with decreasing levels of household income, lower neighborhood access to parks or sidewalks, increased television viewing time, and increased recreational computer time.[12] Black and Hispanic children are more likely to be obese compared to white (Blacks OR=1.71 and Hispanics=1.76).[13] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[14] The prevalence of obesity among boys from households with an income at or above 350% the poverty level was found to be 11.9%, while boys with a household income level at or above 130% of the poverty level was 21.1%. [15] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[16] The same trend followed in girls. Girls with a household income at or above 350% of the poverty level has an obesity prevalence of 12.0%, while girls with a household income 130% below the poverty level had a 19.3% prevalence.[17] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[18] These trends were not consistent when stratified according to race. “The relationship between income and obesity prevalence is significant among non-Hispanic white boys; 10.2% of those living in households with income at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese compared with 20.7% of those in households below 130% of the poverty level.” [19] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[20] The same trend follows in non-Hispanic white girls (10.6% of those living at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese, and 18.3% of those living below 130% of the poverty level are obese)[21] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[22]. There is no significant trend in prevalence by income level for either boys or girls among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children and adolescents.[23] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[24] “In fact, the relationship does not appear to be consistent; among Mexican-American girls, although the difference is not significant, 21.0% of those living at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese compared with 16.2% of those living below 130% of the poverty level.” [25] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[26] Additional findings also include that the majority of children and adolescents are not low income children.[27] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[28] The majority of non-Hispanic white children and adolescents also live in households with income levels at or above 130% of the poverty level.</ref> A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[29] Approximately 7.5 million children live in households with income levels above 130% of the poverty level compared to 4.5 million children in households with income at or above 130% of the poverty level.[30]

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the World Prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. A Lancet article published in 2010 that the prevalence of childhood obesity during the past two to three decades, much like the United States, has increased in most other industrialized nations, excluding Russia and Poland.[31] Between the early 1970s and late 1990s, prevalence of childhood obesity doubled or tripled in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, the UK, and the USA.[32] A 2010 article from the American Journal of Clinical nutrition analyzed global prevalence from 144 countries in preschool children (less than 5 years old).[33] Cross-sectional surveys from 144 countries were used and overweight and obesity were defined as preschool children with values >3SDs from the mean.[34] They found an estimated 42 million obese children under the age of five in the world of which close to 35 million lived in developing countries.11 Additional findings included worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increasing from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010 and expecting to rise to 9.1% (95% CI: 7.3%, 10.9%), an estimated 60 million overweight and obese children in 2020.[35]

Anc sierra (talk) 16:43, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

The text suggested is not currently formatted properly. Many of the refs are not suitable per WP:MEDRS. Thus would need improvements first. Thanks Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:43, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. - You didn't even say what you wanted to be changed. Orashmatash (talk) 13:33, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

Orashmatash: I think you misunderstood Anc sierra's request. For clarity, I have created the boxes above and moved your comment here. Gabbe (talk) 09:24, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

There are a few more issues with the suggested text

1)the content is not formatted correctly and there are no Wiki links (not that important but still)

2) the text is too technical for example take this sentence "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." We do not need the CIs. And this " Cross-sectional surveys from 144 countries were used and overweight and obesity were defined as preschool children with values >3SDs from the mean." greater than three standard deviations from the mean. Come on this is a general encyclopedia.

3) third issues and the most significant one this line "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." is exactly the same as this line "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." which is found in this paper http://www.ajcn.org/content/92/5/1257.full There is much that is too closely paraphased / copy and pasted.

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 00:07, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

References

  1. ^ Williams, Georgina; de Zulueta, Paquita; Iliffe, Steve. Childhood obesity. British Journal of General Practice. Volume 56, Number 533, December 2006 , pp. 971-971(1)
  2. ^ Obesity and overweight for professionals: Childhood: Basics | DNPAO | CDC [cited 11/26/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html (accessed 11/26/2011).
  3. ^ Obesity and overweight for professionals: Childhood: Basics | DNPAO | CDC [cited 11/26/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html (accessed 11/26/2011).
  4. ^ Obesity and overweight for professionals: Childhood: Basics | DNPAO | CDC [cited 11/26/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html (accessed 11/26/2011).
  5. ^ WHO | BMI-for-age (5-19 years) [cited 12/10/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/index.html (accessed 12/10/2011).
  6. ^ Obesity and overweight for professionals: Childhood: Basics | DNPAO | CDC [cited 11/26/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html (accessed 11/26/2011).
  7. ^ Orsi, C. M., D. E. Hale, and J. L. Lynch. 2010. Pediatric obesity epidemiology Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity (Dec 13), www.refworks.com.
  8. ^ Arch pediatr adolesc med -- changes in state-specific childhood obesity and overweight prevalence in the united states from 2003 to 2007, july 2010, singh et al. 164 (7): 598 [cited 11/30/2011 2011]. Available from http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/598 (accessed 11/30/2011).
  9. ^ Borghi, E., M. de Onis, C. Garza, J. Van den Broeck, E. A. Frongillo, L. Grummer-Strawn, S. Van Buuren, et al. 2006; 2005. Construction of the world health organization child growth standards: Selection of methods for attained growth curves Statistics in Medicine 25 (2): 247–265.
  10. ^ Arch pediatr adolesc med -- changes in state-specific childhood obesity and overweight prevalence in the united states from 2003 to 2007, july 2010, singh et al. 164 (7): 598 [cited 11/30/2011 2011]. Available from http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/598 (accessed 11/30/2011).
  11. ^ Arch pediatr adolesc med -- changes in state-specific childhood obesity and overweight prevalence in the united states from 2003 to 2007, july 2010, singh et al. 164 (7): 598 [cited 11/30/2011 2011]. Available from http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/598 (accessed 11/30/2011).
  12. ^ Obesity and overweight for professionals: Childhood: Basics | DNPAO | CDC [cited 11/26/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html (accessed 11/26/2011).
  13. ^ Obesity and overweight for professionals: Childhood: Basics | DNPAO | CDC [cited 11/26/2011 2011]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html (accessed 11/26/2011).
  14. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  15. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  16. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  17. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  18. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  19. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  20. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  21. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  22. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  23. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  24. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  25. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  26. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  27. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  28. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  29. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  30. ^ Ogden, C. L. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United states, 2005-2008.
  31. ^ Han, J. C., D. A. Lawlor, and S. Y. Kimm. 2010. Childhood obesity Lancet 375 (9727) (May 15): 1737-48.
  32. ^ Han, J. C., D. A. Lawlor, and S. Y. Kimm. 2010. Childhood obesity Lancet 375 (9727) (May 15): 1737-48.
  33. ^ de Onis, M., M. Blossner, and E. Borghi. 2010. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (5) (Nov): 1257-64.
  34. ^ de Onis, M., M. Blossner, and E. Borghi. 2010. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (5) (Nov): 1257-64.
  35. ^ de Onis, M., M. Blossner, and E. Borghi. 2010. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (5) (Nov): 1257-64.

What I would like to contribute

Childhood obesity affects children all over the world.  The obesity epidemic threatens the future for generations to come. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Childhood obesity in the United States has almost quadrupled in the past 30 years. The widespread threat of childhood obesity in the United States negatively affects children’s physical, emotional and social health, and though steps have been taken to combat obesity, more solutions need to be actively pursued. Children who are obese can suffer from physical ailments such as, asthma, hypertension and diabetes. These are only a few of the many health complications obesity causes. A child who is obese can have a lower quality of life not only because of health related ailments but also emotional stress. Studies show that children who are obese can struggle with depression and have low self-esteem. Directly related to low self-esteem and depression is the psychosocial effects obesity has on young children. Children who are obese tend to be more withdrawn and struggle relationally. It is important that continued awareness and education related to the health and well-being of America’s youth sheds light on childhood obesity. If nothing is done, future generations will face the cost of this epidemic. [1] Direct Effect of Schools on Obesity Many school cafeterias serve nutritious food that meet guidelines and regulations, however, it is up to the child on whether or not they pick the healthier food items for their meal. Many children find chicken nuggets and fries more appealing than a salad and an apple. Not only are children not being properly guided on food choices, but with budget cuts in every school district, extra classes like physical education are the first to go. Without regular physical education classes, children will not learn and create healthy lifestyle habits. Physical education classes are needed to refresh their minds, release energy, and to build lifelong healthy habits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Starjacker (talk • contribs) 00:36, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

References

  1. ^ Center for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov.

Semi-protected edit request on 17 January 2019

In section 2.2 (Effects on Health: Physical), suggest to add: Obesity is a major preventable risk factor for pediatric asthma. Source: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/6/e20182119.full Bwhitney82 (talk) 15:58, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

@Bwhitney82: Asthma is already mentioned in that section. Is there a reason it should be specifically pointed out over other conditions? ‑‑ElHef (Meep?) 18:26, 18 January 2019 (UTC)

Introduce myself

Hi, I am a college student working on a Wikipedia semester project. This is my first experience editing an article so, I hope I can have some collaboration for it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gatasuka (talk • contribs) 01:10, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

Proposal to add a definition

[1] I would like to add a definition for Congenital Leptin Deficiency because readers can think that Congenital Leptin Deficiency doesn't have definition because it is the same as Leptin receptor and both issues are so different each other.

"Congenital leptin deficiency is a condition that affects infants in the first months of life. People with this issue suffer from chronic eating disorders because they are constantly hungry leading to weight gain." Gatasuka (talk) 01:47, 18 October 2019 (UTC) Gatasuka (talk) 22:06, 15 October 2019 (UTC) Gatasuka (talk) 01:34, 18 October 2019 (UTC)Gatasuka (talk) 01:45, 18 October 2019 (UTC)

  1. ^ "Congenital leptin deficiency". U.S. National Library of Medicine. december, 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
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