Template talk:Mcn

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Recent retargeting[edit]

@Walk Like an Egyptian: Did you bother changing any of the {{mcn}} tags from the backlinks before you retargeted this template redirect?

You do realize that for about a month, the much larger {{more citations needed}} banner has been breaking text in one or more sections in almost 300 articles where a simple[medical citation needed] inline tag once stood. E.g., three places in the cholera article had section breaks and one section literally looked like this:

The Cholera#Mechanism section
Mechanism
The role of biofilm in the intestinal colonization of Vibrio cholerae.

When consumed, most bacteria do not survive the acidic conditions of the human stomach.[1] The few surviving bacteria conserve their energy and stored nutrients during the passage through the stomach by shutting down protein production. When the surviving bacteria exit the stomach and reach the small intestine, they must propel themselves through the thick mucus that lines the small intestine to reach the intestinal walls where they can attach and thrive.[1]

Once the cholera bacteria reach the intestinal wall, they no longer need the flagella to move. The bacteria stop producing the protein flagellin to conserve energy and nutrients by changing the mix of proteins which they express in response to the changed chemical surroundings. On reaching the intestinal wall, V. cholerae start producing the toxic proteins that give the infected person a watery diarrhea. This carries the multiplying new generations of V. cholerae bacteria out into the drinking water of the next host if proper sanitation measures are not in place.

The cholera toxin (CTX or CT) is an oligomeric complex made up of six protein subunits: a single copy of the A subunit (part A), and five copies of the B subunit (part B), connected by a disulfide bond. The five B subunits form a five-membered ring that binds to GM1 gangliosides on the surface of the intestinal epithelium cells. The A1 portion of the A subunit is an enzyme that ADP-ribosylates G proteins, while the A2 chain fits into the central pore of the B subunit ring. Upon binding, the complex is taken into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once inside the cell, the disulfide bond is reduced, and the A1 subunit is freed to bind with a human partner protein called ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6).[2] Binding exposes its active site, allowing it to permanently ribosylate the Gs alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein. This results in constitutive cAMP production, which in turn leads to the secretion of water, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate into the lumen of the small intestine and rapid dehydration. The gene encoding the cholera toxin was introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. cholerae carry a variant of a temperate bacteriophage called CTXφ.

Microbiologists have studied the genetic mechanisms by which the V. cholerae bacteria turn off the production of some proteins and turn on the production of other proteins as they respond to the series of chemical environments they encounter, passing through the stomach, through the mucous layer of the small intestine, and on to the intestinal wall.[3] Of particular interest have been the genetic mechanisms by which cholera bacteria turn on the protein production of the toxins that interact with host cell mechanisms to pump chloride ions into the small intestine, creating an ionic pressure which prevents sodium ions from entering the cell. The chloride and sodium ions create a salt-water environment in the small intestines, which through osmosis can pull up to six liters of water per day through the intestinal cells, creating the massive amounts of diarrhea. The host can become rapidly dehydrated unless an appropriate mixture of dilute salt water and sugar is taken to replace the blood's water and salts lost in the diarrhea.

By inserting separate, successive sections of V. cholerae DNA into the DNA of other bacteria, such as E. coli that would not naturally produce the protein toxins, researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which V. cholerae responds to the changing chemical environments of the stomach, mucous layers, and intestinal wall. Researchers have discovered a complex cascade of regulatory proteins controls expression of V. cholerae virulence determinants.[medical citation needed] In responding to the chemical environment at the intestinal wall, the V. cholerae bacteria produce the TcpP/TcpH proteins, which, together with the ToxR/ToxS proteins, activate the expression of the ToxT regulatory protein. ToxT then directly activates expression of virulence genes that produce the toxins, causing diarrhea in the infected person and allowing the bacteria to colonize the intestine.[3] Current[when?] research aims at discovering "the signal that makes the cholera bacteria stop swimming and start to colonize (that is, adhere to the cells of) the small intestine."[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Almagro-Moreno, S; Pruss, K; Taylor, RK (May 2015). "Intestinal Colonization Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae". PLOS Pathog. 11 (5): e1004787. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004787. PMC 4440752. PMID 25996593.
  2. ^ O'Neal CJ, Jobling MG, Holmes RK, Hol WG (2005). "Structural basis for the activation of cholera toxin by human ARF6-GTP". Science. 309 (5737): 1093–6. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1093O. doi:10.1126/science.1113398. PMID 16099990. S2CID 8669389.
  3. ^ a b c DiRita VJ, Parsot C, Jander G, Mekalanos JJ (June 1991). "Regulatory cascade controls virulence in Vibrio cholerae". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (12): 5403–7. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.5403D. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5403. PMC 51881. PMID 2052618.

The next time you retarget a template redirect, you have to modify all of the existing calls to the template redirect to call the redirect's target page directly in literally ALL of the backlinks BEFORE you retarget the template page. In other words, you should've gone through all 300 articles and changed every {{mcn}} template to a {{medical citation needed}} template. Also, for a longstanding template redirect like this one, before doing anything else, you should've discussed the change at the appropriate venue: Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion. Seppi333 (Insert ) 13:40, 23 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]