Timeline of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity
The following is chronology of the Orthodox Tewahedo Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Churches from its base history to present.
Early history[edit]
- Biblical claims – According to the traditional claims, John Chrysostom speaks of the "Ethiopians present in Jerusalem" as being able to understand the preaching of Peter in Acts, 2:38.[1][2]
- Early 4th century – Some Apostles reportedly took missions to Ethiopia. Socrates of Constantinople stated Ethiopia was one of region preached by Matthew the Apostle where a specific mention of "Ethiopia south of the Caspian Sea".[3]
- 1st century – according to the New Testament book Act, 8:26–27,[4] Christianity was entered to Ethiopia by means of Philip the Evangelist via baptism of the Ethiopian eunuch.[5]
- 330 AD – Christianity is widely considered introduced by Syrian Greek named Frumentius after his voyage with his brother Aedesius to the Kingdom of Aksum. There, the two brothers were captured by the native Aksumite and brought to court forwarded to King Ezana, who was converted to Christian by influence of Frumentius.[6][7]
Middle Ages[edit]
- 960 AD – Queen Gudit persecuted Axumite Christians during sacking the city.[8]
- 12th century – Communion with Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.[9]
- 1439 – During the reign of Emperor Zara Yaqob, a religious discussion took place between Giyorgis and a French visitor led to the dispatch of an embassy from Ethiopia to the Vatican.[9]
- 1507 – Mateus, an Armenian, had been sent as an Ethiopian envoy to Portugal.[10]
- 1520 – an embassy under Dom Rodrigo de Lima landed in Ethiopia.[10]
Early modern period[edit]
- 1534 – Michael the Deacon met with Martin Luther and affirmed the Augsburg Confession as a "good creed".[11] In addition, Martin Luther stated that the Lutheran Mass agreed with that used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. As a result, the Lutheran churches extended fellowship with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.[11]
- 1622 – Conversion of Emperor Susenyos I to Roman Catholicism under the pressure of Jesuits.[12]
- 1624 – Susenyos proclaimed the primacy of Rome and condemned local practices which included Saturday Sabbath and frequent fasts.[13]
- 1632 – Emperor Fasilides restored the state administration to Orthodox Tewahedo after ten years conflict.[14]
- 1633 – Fasilides expelled the Jesuits and in 1665, he ordered that all Jesuit books (the Book of the Franks) be burned.[15]
- 19th century – Publication of Amharic translation Bible began developing.[16]
20th century[edit]
- 30 November 1942 – Emperor Haile Selassie ordered decree that allowed reforms on the Church with centralized financial funds.[17]
- 13 July 1948 – the Coptic Orthodox Church agreed for autocephaly of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.[18]
- 14 January 1951 – the autocephaly was ended when Coptic Orthodox Pope Joseph II consecrated an Ethiopian-born Archbishop.[19]
- 1959 – Abuna Basilios crowned as the first Patriarch of Ethiopia.[20][21]
- 1974 – Disestablishment of the Church following the rise of the Derg and it's nationalized land policy.[22][23]
- 1979 – Patriarch Theophilos was executed by the Derg.[24]
- 1991 – Abdication of Abune Merkorios under the pressure of EPRDF.[25][26]
- 1992 – Installation of Abune Paulos and creation of Exile Church.[27]
- 28 September 1993 – Autocephaly of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church formally approved by Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III.[28]
21st century[edit]
- 16 August 2012 – Death of Abune Paulos.[29]
- 28 February 2013 – Abune Mathias from Agame province, elected as the 6th Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.[30]
- 25 July 2018 – with assistance of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, delegation took place between Patriarchate in Addis Ababa and those from the United States exiled Churches and declared reunification in Washington, D.C.[31]
- 22 January 2023 – Abune Sawiros, Abune Ewostatewos and Abune Zena Markos designated 26-made Archbishops to overthrow the Holy Synod led by Patriarch Abune Mathias in Oromia Region diocese. The Holy Synod responded the ordination as "illegal" and excommunicated three archbishops on 26 January. On 31 January, the Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed convened a discussion on the matter, which he told he would ensure resolution for the conflict. His speech widely criticized by Holy Synod for lack of protection and also alleged involvement to the illegally formed Synod.[32]
References[edit]
- ^ "Our History". The Ethiopian Orthodox Archdiocese. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "Churches Ethiopia : Inspiring and Blissful- 5 Houses". www.gorebet.com. 2020-05-03. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories, p. 57.
- ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Acts 8:26-40 - English Standard Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ SHAUF, SCOTT (2009). "Locating the Eunuch: Characterization and Narrative Context in Acts 8:26-40". The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 71 (4): 762–775. ISSN 0008-7912. JSTOR 43726615.
- ^ Harrower, Michael J (Winter 2019). "Beta Samati: discovery and excavation of an Aksumite town" (PDF). Antiquity. 93 (372): 1534–52. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.84 – via Cambridge.org.
- ^ Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. "Monumental Architecture of the Aksumite Empire". www.metmuseum.org. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
- ^ "This badass queen took revenge on Ethiopia in 960 AD for chopping off her breasts". Face2Face Africa. 2018-06-30. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ a b Butler 1911, p. 95.
- ^ a b Butler 1911, p. 96.
- ^ a b "Martin Luther and Ethiopian Christianity: Historical Traces". The University of Chicago Divinity School. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ Crummey, Donald (2012). "Pedro Páez's History of Ethiopia, 1622 (review)". The Catholic Historical Review. 98 (4): 835–836. doi:10.1353/cat.2012.0269. ISSN 1534-0708. S2CID 159736355.
- ^ Yumpu.com. "Gondar - Phi Kappa Psi". yumpu.com. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church". www.ethiopianorthodox.org. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ Sargent, Jesse (2018). "Following in Jesuit Footsteps". In Maryks, Robert Aleksander; Mkenda, Festo (eds.). Following in Jesuit Footsteps: British Expeditions to Ethiopia in the Early Victorian Era. Vol. 13. Brill. pp. 33–58. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctvbqs62t.5. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ HAMMERSCHMIDT, ERNST (1963). "A Brief History of German Contributions to the Study of Ethiopia". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 30–48. ISSN 0304-2243. JSTOR 41965697.
- ^ "ethiopian orthodox church service". presma.upnvj.ac.id. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "Ethiopia: The Postwar Period, 1945-60: Reform and Opposition ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_05"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "Pope Joseph II of Alexandria and Related Topics". hyperleapsite. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "Basilios | Ethiopian religious leader | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "Haile Selassie and the African Diaspora". Keraneyo MedhaneAlem. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ "Ethiopia - Land Reform". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ Ufheil-Somers, Amanda (1982-06-15). "Ethiopia's Revolution from Above". MERIP. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ ""Common Declaration" of Pope Shenoudah III, Catholicos Aram I, and Patriarch Paulos". News and Media. Armenian Orthodox Church. 22 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-08-28.
- ^ "Ethiopia's exiled patriarch Bishop Merkorios returns". BBC News. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
- ^ Haustein, Jörg; Østebø, Terje (2011-11-01). "EPRDF's revolutionary democracy and religious plurality: Islam and Christianity in post-Derg Ethiopia". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 5 (4): 755–772. doi:10.1080/17531055.2011.642539. ISSN 1753-1055. S2CID 59042446.
- ^ Goldman, Ari L. (22 September 1992). "U.S. Branch Leaves Ethiopian Orthodox Church". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ Prunier, Gérard; Ficquet, Éloi (2015). Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-84904-261-1.
- ^ "Ethiopian church patriarch Abune Paulos dies". BBC News. 16 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^ "Ethiopian church appoints Abune Mathias as patriarch". BBC News. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ^ "Ethiopian Church officially declared reunification in the presence of PM Abiy Ahmed". Borkena Ethiopian News. 2018-07-26. Archived from the original on 2021-09-11.
- ^ St, Addis; ard (2023-02-02). "News Analysis: As schism deepens, Orthodox Synod slams PM Abiy's remarks on ongoing crisis point by point, threaten to organize worldwide protest". Addis Standard. Retrieved 2023-02-04.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Butler, Alfred Joshua (1911). "Abyssinian Church". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–96.
