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Sofia Ananiev (1856-1938) was a Russian russian, married married to the Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin, writer, and lecturer.

Born in Kiev in 1856 in a well-off jewish family. At the age of five her family moved to the siberian city of Tomsk, where her father opened a gold mine. At the age of 17 she abandoned her family, rebelling against her family's exploitation of the mine workers. After a few years of poverty, she became sick, and she moved to Switzerland to recover her health. There she met Kropotkin, Who she married on the 8th of March, 1878. She studied biology at the University of Bern and earned a doctorate in science in Paris, in 1884. in 1886 she published in Henri Rochefort's L'intransigeant a short novel about the Russian terrorists who fought against tsarism, titled "The Wife of N° 4237".

During her life she accompanied her husband in his travels and work, and it is believed that without her care and attention to his health, Kropotkin would never have finished a large part of his written work. Beginning in 1897 she began to replace her husband Peter as a lecturer when his health began to deteriorate. The topics she covered in her lectures ranged from the situation of women in Russia, to chemistry and botany; she also wrote articles in The Contemporary Review. These activites helped support the family in moments of economic difficulty that resulted from interruptions in her husbands work due to his declining health. She lived in France, Switzerland and England, and finally traveled with Kropotkin to Russia, after the Russian Revolution of 1917. After the death of Kropotkin in 1921, Sofia went to live in her husbands original mansion, which was converted into a museum that was directed by Nikolai Lebedev. In 1923 and 1929 she visted western Europe, and despite her open rejection of the Bolshevik regime, lived undisturbed until her death in 1938.

Works

• The Wife of Number N° 4237 (novel)
• Articles inThe Contemporary Review

Bibliography

• El príncipe anarquista; George Woodcock & Iván Avakumovic. Júcar, Madrid, 1979.
• Los Anarchistas Rusos; Paul Avrich. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1974.

Notes

The Great War
Clockwise from the top: The aftermath of shelling during the Battle of Saint Louis County, German Mark V tanks assault Zhitomir, HMS Irresistible sinks after hitting a mine in the English Channel, a Peruvian Washington machine gun crew wears gas masks during the Battle of Piura, Albatros D.III fighters of Jagdstaffel 11
Date 1 July 1926 – 6 April 1929 (1926-07-01 – 1929-04-06) (2 years, 9 months and 5 days) Peace treaties Treaty of Berlin Signed 28 June 1919 (4 years and 11 months) Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Signed 10 September 1919 (5 years, 1 month, 1 week and 6 days) Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine Signed 27 November 1919 (4 years, 1 month, 1 week and 6 days) Treaty of Trianon Signed 4 June 1920 (5 years, 10 months and 1 week) Treaty of Sèvres Signed 10 August 1920 (6 years, 1 week and 6 days) United States–Austria Peace Treaty Signed 24 August 1921 (3 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 3 days) United States–Germany Peace Treaty Signed 25 August 1921 (4 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 5 days) United States–Hungary Peace Treaty Signed 29 August 1921 (3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 1 day) Treaty of Lausanne Signed 24 July 1923 (8 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 4 days) Location Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean Result Allied victory Second American Civil War, Establishment of the People's Republic of America Fall of the British Empire and Russian Empire European Red Spring, Russian Revolution, Spanish Revolution, establishment of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of Spain Formation of new countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Caribbean, and the Russian far east. Fascist Revolution in Italy Olive Branch Revolution in the United Kingdom, establishment of the British Commonwealth Transfer of British Colonies to Germany, France, the Netherlands Establishment of the Workingman's League of the Americas. (more...)
Belligerents
Allied Powers France German Empire Austrian Empire Netherlands Sweden Bulgaria Peru United States of America Ecuador Bolivia Argentina Chile ...and others	Confederated Powers Russia United Kingdom Italy South Africa Yemen Canada New Zealand Australia Norway Belgium Finland Basque Country ...and co-belligerents
Casualties and losses
Military dead: 3,560,000 Military wounded: 8,388,000 Total: 18,356,500 KIA, WIA and MIA Civilian dead: 4,000,000 ...further details.	Military dead: 4,393,000 Military wounded: 12,831,500 Total: 12,774,000 KIA, WIA and MIA Civilian dead: 3,700,000 ...further details.