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NASA's Astronaut Group 12 (the GAFFers) was announced by NASA on 5 June 1987.

Pilots[edit]

Pilot, STS-46 Atlantis[1] (first flight of the Tethered Satellite System)
Pilot, STS-62 Columbia[1] (Science Mission)
Commander, STS-75 Columbia[1] (second flight of the Tethered Satellite System)
Pilot, STS-50 Columbia[2] (science mission)
Pilot, STS-61 Endeavour[2] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 1)
Commander, STS-73 Columbia[2] (science mission)
Commander, STS-82 Discovery[2] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 2)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-113 Endeavour[2] (launched the P1 Truss Segment and Expedition 6; last flight before the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster)
Commander, ISS Expedition 6[2] (6 month mission to the ISS)
Flight Engineer, Soyuz TMA-1 [2] (ISS Expedition 6 landing spacecraft)
Pilot, STS-47 Endeavour[3] (science mission)
Pilot, STS-66 Atlantis[3] (science mission)
Pilot, STS-77 Endeavour[3] (SPACEHAB science mission)
Commander, STS-85 Discovery[3] (science mission)
Commander, STS-95 Discovery[3] (science mission; John Glenn’s return to space)
Commander, STS-103 Discovery[3] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 3A)
Pilot, STS-49 Endeavour[4] (Intelsat 603 retrieval and repair mission, maiden flight of Endeavour)
Pilot, STS-59 Endeavour[4] (Mission to Planet Earth mission)
Commander, STS-76 Atlantis[4] (Shuttle-Mir mission)
Mission Specialist 4, STS-39 Discovery[5] (partially classified DoD mission)
Pilot, STS-54 Endeavour[5] (deployed TDRS-F; spacewalk tests)
Commander, STS-66 Atlantis[5] (science mission)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-42 Discovery[6] (Spacelab science mission)
Pilot, STS-51 Discovery[6] (Advanced Communications Technology Satellite deployment; spacewalk tests for Hubble servicing missions)
Commander, STS-79 Atlantis[6] (Shuttle-Mir mission)

Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. (2 flights; retired)[7]

Pilot, STS-48 Discovery[7] (satellite deployment mission; deployed UARS and others)
Pilot, STS-60 Discovery[7] (first Shuttle-Mir mission; flew with a SPACEHAB science module)

Mission specialists[edit]

Mission Specialist 3. STS-41 Discovery[8] (deployed the ESA-built Ulysses probe)
Mission Specialist 4, STS-49 Endeavour[8] (Intelsat 603 retrieval and repair mission, maiden flight of Endeavour)
Mission Specialist 5, STS-61 Endeavour[8] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 1)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-79 Atlantis[8] (Shuttle-Mir mission)
Mission Specialist 2, STS-47 Endeavour[9] (Spacelab-J mission — joint mission between NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-60 Discovery[9] (first Shuttle-Mir mission; flew with a SPACEHAB science module)
Payload Commander, STS-85 Discovery[9] (science mission)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-45 Atlantis[10] (Spacelab/ATLAS-1 science mission)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-56 Discovery[10] (Spacelab/ATLAS-2 science mission)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-63 Discovery[10] (Shuttle-Mir mission)
Mission Specialist 5, STS-84 Atlantis[10] (Shuttle-Mir mission; launches M. Foale to Mir)
Flight Engineer 2, Mir EO-23/24[10] (Long-duration flight aboard Mir)
Mission Specialist 5, STS-86 Atlantis[10] (Shuttle-Mir mission; lands M. Foale from Mir)
Mission Specialist 4, STS-103 Discovery[10] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 3A)
Flight Engineer 1, Soyuz TMA-3[10] (ISS Expedition 8 launch and landing spacecraft)
Commander, ISS Expedition 8[10] (6 month mission to the ISS)
Mission Specialist 2, STS-39 Discovery[11] (partially classified DoD mission)
Mission Specialist 2, STS-54 Endeavour[11] (deployed TDRS-F; spacewalk tests)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-71 Atlantis[11] (Shuttle-Mir mission; first mission to dock with Mir)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-82 Discovery[11] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 2)
Mission Specialist 4, STS-47 Endeavour[12] (science mission)
Mission Specialist 2, STS-41 Discovery[13] (deployed the ESA-built Ulysses probe)
Mission Specialist 5, STS-49 Endeavour[13] (Intelsat 603 retrieval and repair mission, maiden flight of Endeavour)
Mission Specialist 2, STS-44 Atlantis[14] (unclassified DoD mission)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-54 Endeavour[14] (deployed TDRS-F; spacewalk tests)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-77 Endeavour[14] (science mission with a SPACEHAB module)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-44 Atlantis[15] (unclassified DoD mission)
Mission Specialist 2, STS-53 Discovery[15] (classified DoD mission)
Mission Specialist 1, STS-69 Endeavour[15] (2nd flight of the Wake Shield Facility)
Mission Specialist 3, STS-101 Atlantis[15] (ISS Supply Mission)
Mission Specialist 4, STS-102 Discovery[15] (ISS Resupply Mission; Delivered Expedition 2 crew)
Flight Engineer 2, ISS Expedition 2[15] (6 month mission to the ISS)
Mission Specialist 4, STS-105 Discovery[15] (ISS Resupply Mission; Returned Expedition 2 crew)

Further information[edit]

The group's informal nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen". Of this group, Mae Jemison would become the first female African-American in space. Michael Foale would be one of the NASA astronauts to fly a long duration mission aboard the Mir space station.[10] At the time of the Columbia accident in 2003, William Readdy was Associate Administrator for Space Flight and Kenneth Bowersox was commanding the Expedition 6 crew on the ISS. Chilton, after leaving NASA, became the first NASA astronaut to become a full General in the U.S. military. Lt Gen Thomas Stafford, USAF, and VADM Richard Truly, USN, were three-star officers. Lt Gen Susan Helms, USAF, is currently serving as a three-star officer.[16]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d National Aeronautics and Space Administration (September 2004). "Astronaut Bio: Andrew Allen (9/2004)". NASA. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h National Aeronautics and Space Administration (February 2007). "Astronaut Bio: Ken Bowersox (2/2007)". NASA. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g National Aeronautics and Space Administration (July 2007). "Astronaut Bio: C. Brown (7/2007)". NASA. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
  4. ^ a b c d National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 2008). "Astronaut Bio: Kevin Chilton (3/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
  5. ^ a b c d National Aeronautics and Space Administration (August 1998). "Astronaut Bio: Donald R. McMongale (8/1998)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  6. ^ a b c d National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2006). "Astronaut Bio: William F. Readdy (1/2006)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  7. ^ a b c National Aeronautics and Space Administration (August 2008). "Astronaut Bio: K.S. Reightler (8/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  8. ^ a b c d e National Aeronautics and Space Administration (June 2000). "Astronaut Bio: T. Akers (6/2000)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  9. ^ a b c d National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2006). "Astronaut Bio: N. Jan Davis (1/2006)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k National Aeronautics and Space Administration (August 2010). "Astronaut Bio: C. Michael Foale (8/2010)". NASA. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
  11. ^ a b c d e National Aeronautics and Space Administration (April 2001). "Astronaut Bio: G. Harbaugh (4/2001)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  12. ^ a b National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 1993). "Astronaut Bio: Mae C. Jemison (3/1993)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  13. ^ a b c National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 2004). "Astronaut Bio: Bruce E. Melnick (3/2004)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  14. ^ a b c d National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2008). "Astronaut Bio: Mario Runco (1/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h National Aeronautics and Space Administration (October 2005). "Astronaut Bio: James S. Voss (10/2005)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  16. ^ United States Air Force (June 2011). "Biographies: LIEUTENANT GENERAL SUSAN J. HELMS". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 2012-07-14.

External links[edit]

DEFAULTSORT:NASA Astronaut Group 12}} Category:NASA astronauts]] Category:Human spaceflight]] Category:Lists of astronauts]]

it:NASA Astronaut Group 12]]

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