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This segment was copied from the article Namantar Andolan's revision (in section "Attacks") during 15:17 UTC, 28 December 2018.

Riots affected 1,200 villages in Marathwada, impacting on 25,000 Marathi Buddhists, Dalits and causing thousands of them to seek safety in jungles. The terrorised Dalits did not return to their villages despite of starvation. This violence was allegedly organised by members of the Maratha community and took many forms, including killings, molestation and rape of Dalit women, burning of houses and huts, pillaging of Dalit colonies, forcing Dalits out of villages, polluting drinking water wells, destruction of cattle and refusal to employ. This continued for 67 days. According to the Yukrant leader, attacks on Dalit were collective and pre-planned.[1] In many villages, Dalit colonies were burned. The burning houses in Marathwada region affected 900 Dalit households.[2] Upper caste rioters demolished essential household items that the Dalit possessed. They even burned the fodder stocks owned by Dalits.[3] The bridges and culverts were intentionally broken or damaged to paralyse the military and police aid in villages during the time of the attacks.[4] Upper caste mobs attacked government property including government hospitals, railway station, gram panchayat offices, state transport buses, District Council-operated school buildings, the telephone system and the government godowns,[3] the communal property of ₹ 300 million was damaged.[5] The Marathwada region was under siege of violence for over two years.[6] The Dalits were wrecked economically and psychologically.[7] Many Dalit protesters were physically injured and nineteen died including five protesters who lost their lives during the police repression.[5]

Much of the violence occurred in Nanded district. Examples include:[1]

  • Sonkhed village: The mob burned a Dalit residential area. Two women were raped and three children were killed.
  • Sugaon village: Janardhan Mavde was killed.
  • Bolsa and Izzatgaon villages: women were raped and tortured (one woman had her breast cut off).[8][8][6][9]
  • The elder son of the martyr Pochiram Kamble, Chandar Kamble, lost his life during the Andolan.[10]
  • Koklegaon: A Dalit teacher, local social activist, was tortured with his wife. Dalit habitations were set on fire.[11][12]

Violence occurred in Parbhani district. Examples include:[1]

  • Parbhani town: Hindu students and youths destroyed the statue of Ambedkar at Bhim Nagar.
  • Parbhani City: On 17 July 1978, agitators stopped buses and trains and even cut the telephone lines. The police did not intervene, and after 30 July Dalit habitations were targeted.[6]
  • Adgaon Village: Dalits were threatened; cattle shed and agricultural equipments were torched.[6]
  • Samiti observed similar violent incidents (like Nanded district) in Koregaon, Kaulgaon, Nandgaon, Sodgaon, Halta, Cohgaon, Nandapur, and many other villages of Parbhani district.

Examples of violence in Aurangabad district included:

  • Aurangabad City: Non-Dalits destroyed public property by burning buses, blowing up bridges to paralyze the social life.[13]
  • Aurangabad City: Many professors opposed renaming the university. On the other hand, prof. Desarda, a Marxist teacher, was beaten by Maratha students for supporting the Namantar.[1]
  • Akola Village: Mahajanrao Patil, a Lingayat, an upper caste Hindu, helped Dalits so he was beaten badly. Police did not react after his complaint.[14] Kashinath Borde, neo-Buddhist police Patil, a flour mill owner, who officially reported complaints of harassment against Hindus was targeted. His bullock cart, household goods and house were burned.[8]

Examples of violence in Beed district included:[3]

  • Ambejogai: : Followers of Sharad Pawar got assaulted.

Examples of violence in Osmanabad district included:[3]

  • Tuljapur: Dalit women were specifically attacked. Upper caste women helped in the torching of Dalit houses.
  • Dalits were terrorised by damaging the road bridges, telephone lines and the roads connecting between Kalam and Yermala.
  • Dalits in Tulzapur, Savargaon, Bavi, Pthrud, and Wagholi attacked.
  • A group of almost 900 violent upper caste youths attacked on Dalits.

Example of violence in Hingoli district included:[12]

  • Basmath: After the attacks, the tahsildar did not provided meals for the victims. Instead, he advised them to beg for it.

Examples of violence in Nashik district included:[15]

  • Nashik city: The attempts were made to garland the statue of Shivaji with footwear, to criticize Neo-Buddhists and to activate riots.
  • Vihit village: The statue of Ambedkar was damaged.

Examples of violence in Nagpur included:[16][17]

  • The police shot Avinash Dongre, a child, in his head when he was chanting the slogan Change the name at Indora Bridge 10.
  • Along with Dongre, Dilip Ramteke, Abdul Sattar, Roshan Borkar and Ratan Mendhe sacrificed their lives in Namantar struggle at Nagpur.

In Jalgot Village, Fauzdar Bhurevar was beaten and then burned alive by a mob at a police outpost.[8] Violence was reported in Pune.[6] Demonstrators in Mumbai teargassed.[1] Statues of Ambedkar and Buddha through the region were also damaged or destroyed.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Atyachar Virodh Samiti (12 May 1979). "The Marathwada Riots: A Report". Economic and Political Weekly. 14 (19): 845–852. JSTOR 4367590. (subscription required)
  2. ^ Mendelsohn, Oliver; Vicziany, Marika (1998). The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–75, 91. ISBN 9780521556712. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e Guru, Gopal (26 February 1994). "Understanding Violence against Dalits in Marathwada". Economic and Political Weekly. 29 (9): 469–472. JSTOR 4400849. (subscription required)
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Holocaust by Damle was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Jaoul, Nicolas (2008). "The 'Righteous Anger' of the Powerless: Investigating Dalit Outrage over Caste Violence". South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal (2). doi:10.4000/samaj.1892. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e Mayaram, Shail; Pandian, M. S. S.; Skaria, Ajay, eds. (2005). Muslims, Dalits, and the Fabrications of History. Permanent Black and Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. 165–169. ISBN 9788178241159. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  7. ^ Vakil, A.K. (1985). Reservation policy and scheduled castes in India (1st ed.). New Delhi: Asish Pub. House. p. 82. ISBN 8170240166.
  8. ^ a b c d Rao, Anupama (2009). "New Direction in Dalit Politics". The caste question : Dalits and the politics of modern India. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 209–213. ISBN 978-0520257610. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Omvedt1993 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "टाहो वीरपत्नीचा". Ekmat (in Marathi). 30 July 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013. मानवतावादाची पेरणी करणा-या क्रांतिसूर्याचे नाव विद्यापीठास देण्यात यावे यासाठी उभारलेल्या नामांतर लढ्यात अनेकांनी रक्त सांडले. नांदेडच्या भूमिपुत्रांनी आत्मबलिदान दिले. यात तत्कालीन बिलोली तालुक्यातील (आताचा नायगाव तालुका) टेंभुर्णी येथील पोचिराम कांबळे यांचे नाव अग्रक्रमाने घ्यावे लागते. बाबासाहेबांच्या नावासाठी शहीद होणारा हा भीमयोद्धा ४ ऑगस्ट १९७८ रोजी जय भीम... जय भीम... म्हणत शहीद झाला. नामांतरविरोधकांनी त्यांना अक्षरश: जिवंत पेटविले होते. शहीद झालेल्या पोचिराम कांबळे यांचा आंबेडकरी वारसा रक्तात भिनलेल्या चंदर पोचिराम कांबळे (पोचिराम कांबळे यांचा मोठा मुलगा) यांनीही नामांतर लढ्यात उडी घेतली. मात्र त्यांनाही आपला प्राण गमवावा लागला.English translation: [Humanism cultivator -revolutionary sun's (Ambedkar)] to name the university after his name many people shed their blood. Sons of Nanded offered themselves up in self-sacrifice. In the district Biloli (Current Naigaon Taluka) Tembhurni, Pochiram kamble's name is highly important. He became martyr for Ambedkar's name on 4 August 1978 saying Jai Bhim...Jai Bhim... Anti-namantar protestors literally burned him alive. Martyr Pochiram Kamble's Ambedkar legacy got into the blood of Chandar Pochiram Kamble (Elder son of Pochiram Kamble) who jumped into the Namantar fight. However, he lost his life.
  11. ^ "Dalit Panthers: Annihilating Caste; Class Enemies" (PDF). Shodh ganga.
  12. ^ a b Vakil, A.K. (1985). Reservation policy and scheduled castes in India (1st ed.). New Delhi: Asish Pub. House. p. 88. ISBN 8170240166.
  13. ^ Gupta, Dipankar (May 1979). "Understanding the Marathwada Riots: A Repudiation of Eclectic Marxism". Social Scientist. 7 (10): 3–22. doi:10.2307/3516774. JSTOR 3516774. (subscription required)
  14. ^ Vakil, A.K. (1985). Reservation policy and scheduled castes in India (1st ed.). New Delhi: Asish Pub. House. p. 81. ISBN 8170240166.
  15. ^ Rege, Sharmila (2006). Writing Caste, Writing Gender: Reading Dalit Women's Testimonios. Zubaan Publications. pp. 120–121. ISBN 9788189013011.
  16. ^ "कोवळ्या भीमसैनिकाची 'डरकाळी' आजही स्मरणात". Sakal (in Marathi). Nagpur. The Sakal Group. 4 August 2013. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013. "नामांतर झालेच पाहिजे...' ही "डरकाळी' फोडत धावत आलेला कोवळा भीमसैनिक अविनाश डोंगरे दहा नंबर पुलाजवळ पोलिसांच्या गोळीने "शहीद' होतो... तो दिवस 4 ऑगस्ट 1978.English translation:Change the name…' uttering in a loud deep voice and running, child Bhimsainik Avinash Dongre near 10 number bridge (Indora Bridge) was martyred by Police bullet.... on August 4, 1978. Note: Bhimsainik is an affectionate title used for Ambedkar followers and means Soldiers of Bhim (Ambedkar).
  17. ^ Jeevantare, Kewal (27 May 2013). "महापालिकेला नामांतर शहीद सूर्यांकुरांच्या रक्ताचा विसर". Sakal (in Marathi). Nagpur. The Sakal Group. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013. Marathi: 4 ऑगस्ट 1978 रोजी पेटलेल्या आंदोलनात इंदोऱ्यासहित उपराजधीतील सर्वच वस्त्यांमध्ये आंबेडकरी निखाऱ्यांनीही पेट घेतला. याच दिवशी पुकारलेल्या नामांतराच्या एल्गारात "दहा नंबर' पुलाजवळ "डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर की जय' ही घोषणा देणारा चिमकुला अविनाश डोंगरे रस्त्यावर आला आणि त्याच्या दिशेने आलेल्या एका गोळीने त्याचे डोके छेदताच तो जमिनीवर कोसळला. अविनाशने अखेरचा श्‍वास घेतला. अविनाश डोंगरे याच्यासहित उपराजधानीतील दिलीप रामटेके, अब्दुल सत्तार, रोशन बोरकर, रतन मेंढे अशा पाच आंबेडकरी कार्यकर्त्यांनी दीक्षाभूमीची माती कपाळाला लावून नामांतर आंदोलनात जिवाची आहुती दिली. English: On August 4, 1978 the Andolan was burning at Indora and along with Indora all the Dalit habitations in sub-capital (Nagpur) were burning in the same fire. On the same day the Namantar voice was raised near '10 number Bridge' 'Victory of Ambedkar'(a slogan) was cried out by a child Avinash Dongre came onto the road and one bullet came in his direction, was struck in the head by a bullet; he fell to the ground. That was Avinash's last breath. Along with Avinash Dongre, in the sub-capital (several other) Ambedkar workers, Dilip Ramteke, Abdul Sattar, Roshan Borkar, Ratan Mendhe (these five) sacrificed their lives on the soil of Deekhabhoomi during Namnatar Andolan.
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